According to the pure theory aspect of Marx’s concept of alienation

Running head: SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
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CONCEPT – ALIENATION
According to the pure theory aspect of Marx’s concept of alienation – the different
ideas bordering on various types of moralistic and judgemental detachment of a human being
from the culture and society he or she resides in – has been elucidated. Alienation in its purest
of theoretical meanings – means the act of being ‘alienated’ from his own sociocultural
framework (Schmitt 2018). While socio economic factors play a very huge role in this
alienation process, Marx’s biography builds on the perspectives of various types of alienation
processes which are pure in its own theory, characteristics and distinctive attributes
(Lavalette & Ferguson, 2018). In the pure theory aspect, alienation is disconnection,
detachment following a loss of control over a sociological object, and in many ways, Marx
attempts to explore the possibilities of these ‘alienation’ detachments in comparison with
alienation from religious framework. Throughout his biography, Marx highlights and shapes
the concept of alienation with respect to capitalism and capitalist society. While in many
discussions and critical analysis of the concept – Marx finds alienation being necessary for
production and growth in a capitalist society (Forst 2017). Marx sees alienation as a
rendering phenomenon at times when one lacks control over the production, in pursuit of
survival sells the labor to the capitalist sections. Based on the observation of the
environment, according to Marx there are four levels of alienation that is possible and history,
economy and politics play a very important role in the concoction of the same. At first, Marx
begins by understanding the dual nature of creation and destruction since the epochs of
history where there had been war and destructions and till now due to technological
advancement which has extended such great leisure in human lives, has also brewed global
warming, social conflicts and other complex psychosocial issues. This, in whole has led to
alienation and isolation of the human beings from their social, cultural and existential nature.
Shaping the pure theory of alienation concepts, Marx emphasizes on four types of alienation

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(particularly in a capitalist society driven by number types socio-political and economic
factors) – first is the alienation of the labor individual from the produced product as he thinks
the product belongs to the higher authorities and not to him, the second aspect is the
alienation of the labor individual from the process of operation producing the alienated
product and hence, the individual is alienated from the process as well. At the third aspect,
the labor individual, given the predisposition of prior mentioned alienations, feels an
existential detachment from his human ‘species essence’ nature leading to third aspect of
alienation. Lastly, when these alienations are influenced by an individual feeling oppressed
by the administrative hierarchies (political) leading to his loss of control over his own
economic – leads to the fourth aspect of alienation that is alienation from each other
(‘between two individuals’) in a society and this leads to more social conflict and social
isolation as well. there had been other significant thinkers who provided their ideas on
alienation. The significant others such as Hegel played a very important role in further
shaping the idea of alienation which is indeed more complex, mystifying and
phenomenological. According to Hegel, there is a constant shift between ‘discovery of self’
and ‘loss of reality’ in an human individual to broadening and altering of consciousness at a
spiritual individualistic level, rendering a loss of self (Hardimon 2017). Feuerbach, another
significant other describes a form of alienation manifested by religion on human beings that
prevents the self-realization and discovery towards one’s own species being concept. In the
contemporary period, Alan Johnson and Michael Hardt can be considered as important
significant others (Dunayevskaya 2018).
The Rust belt refers to a region by the river in United States which once had a
prosperous business and economic turnover till the 1950s. The region that is referred to as the
rust belt includes parts Missouri, Ohio, Texas, Pittsburgh, New york, Michigan, Illinois west
Virginia and even parts of Pennsylvania. The region was once a rich heartland of steel and