Accounting and Finance Vocabularies Topic 2022

Running head: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE VOCABULARIES 1
Accounting and Finance Vocabularies
Student’s Name
University Affiliation

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE VOCABULARIES 2
Accounting and Finance Vocabularies
I have been able to learn the various accounting and finance vocabularies after
attending lectures on the two topics listed. The first terminology learned is capital budgeting.
Capital budgeting refers to the procedure of planning, implementing, and controlling the
organization's investments on a long-term basis (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2016). Undertaking
the process entails the finance manager trying to establish opportunities that are worth for the
firm on a long-term basis regardless of the initial start-up costs. There are four techniques of
capital budgeting, which is the net present value, internal rate of return, payback period, and
profitability index (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2016).
Additionally, these topics enhanced my understanding of the terms capital structure
and working capital. Capital structure refers to the unique ratio of long-term liabilities and the
financial resources the firm possesses to finance its daily operations (Williams & Dobelman,
2017). The decision here involves how much the firm should borrow from creditors as it
affects both the risk and the creditworthiness of the firm. On the other hand, working capital
is the assets of a firm on a short-term basis. Working capital comprises of inventory held,
short-term liabilities, and liquid cash held to necessitate payment to suppliers (Williams &
Dobelman, 2017). Therefore, working capital is money held by a firm to enhance its day-to-
day operations.
Besides these, the other terminology learned is the balance sheet. A balance sheet is a
statement that indicates the financial position of the firm. It summarizes what a firm owns
(assets) and what it owes (liabilities) (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2016). The difference extracted
by subtracting these two gives the firm's equity. Moreover, liquidity is another vocabulary I
learned during my attendance at these topics. Liquidity refers to how fast and easy an asset
can be transformed into cash. Liquidity has two categories: the nature of conversion and the