accounting and finance

provide references seperately for question 1 and2

Accounting and Finance

Profit Statement
Particulars Division 1 Division 2
Sale to Outside Transfer to Division 2
Selling price per unit $ 0.13 $ 0.5
Transfer Price $ 0.12
Variable cost per unit $ 0.04 $ 0.04 $ 0.15
Contribution Per unit $ 0.09 $ 0.08 $ 0.35
Total Units 20000000 20000000 20000000
Total Contribution $ 1800000 $ 1600000 $ 7000000
Gross Contribution of Division 1 $ 3400000
Fixed Costs $ 2400000 $ 1750000
Net Profit $ 1000000 $ 5250000

Working Note:
Total Variable Costs 40000000* $ 0.04 $ 1600000
Total Fixed Costs $ 2400000
Total Costs $ 4000000
Profit @ 20% $ 800000
Total $ 4800000
Total Number of Units $ 40000000
Transfer Price $ 0.12
Note: As capacity is restricted to 40000000 units in Division 1

Calculation of ROI of Both Divisions:
Particulars Division 1 Division 2
(A) Total Profit (Already Calculated Above) $ 1000000 $ 5250000
(B) Net Assets $4000000 $ 12650000
ROI [(A)/(B) * 100] 25.00% 41.50%

Brief commentary
• As stated in task in Division 1, overall capacity of production is acting as limiting or restricting factor. Based
on corporation's policies, Division 1 expected to be fulfilled demand of Division 2 prior to selling its
products. Transfer pricing among both divisions is 0.12 that is lower than actual price within market. It led to
decline in profit margin for division 1 and decreased costs of Division 2. As overall divisional performances
are derived based on ROI as well as division’s residual income, this will lead to benefits for managing
officials of Division 2 and deficit for managing officials of Division 1. This situation may lead to conflicts
among both divisions. Therefore, corporation has to allocate entire transfer price to Division 1 with line to
external sales price to preserve fairness among departments.
• Here given that ROI of Market is 7 percent. Comparatively, both these corporations are profitable as per
computation of ROI of both divisions above. Notable aspect here is that Division 2 offers around double ROI
percent as compare to Division 1. Thus, corporation should emphasise on making expansion of capacity of
Division 2 in attempt to enhance profitability, but post considering overall market demand of concerned
products.