Accounting and Financial Reporting

The report includes information about financial reporting, accounting standards, and the presentation of financial statements. It discusses the concept of financial accounting and its importance in disclosing material facts to stakeholders. The report also explores different accounting standards and their impact on financial reporting. Additionally, it analyzes the financial ratios of a specific company and how they affect investor decisions.

Running head: Accounting and Financial Reporting
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Executive Summary
The report include about the concept of financial reporting and details of the accounting
standard and also show how the company able to present their financial statement properly in
front of the stakeholders. It also shows different accounting standard and how the company
should use in regards of the financial statement. Lastly it show about the financial ratio of the
company and show they are been affected to the investors.

2
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Discussion..................................................................................................................................3
Overview of the company......................................................................................................3
AASB Conceptual Framework..............................................................................................4
AASB 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers...........................................................4
AASB 101 – Presentation of Financial Statement.................................................................5
AASB 118 – Revenue............................................................................................................6
Analysis of the company with the help of Financial Ratio....................................................7
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
Reference..................................................................................................................................11

3
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Introduction
Financial accounting is the process from which the company disclose all the material
fact in front of the stakeholder of the company. It show the detail as how the company is been
performing in the market and also how much have increase its business as per the accounting
period (Beatty and Liao 2014). It contains different types of report and help the user to know
the value of the company. The financial reporting have many reports balance sheet, income
statement, cash flow statement and changes in equity statement. Each report so a different
aspect of the company and help the stakeholder to take necessary decision in regards of the
company (Bebbington, Unerman and O’DWYER 2014).
Accounting standard help the company to know the principle while making the
financial statement of the company. It contain all the guidelines which the company should
follow in regards of the preparation of the financial report of the company. It contain the
detail of the account and also have the principle which the company should follow in
different aspects of the account (Francis et al., 2015). It guide the company in regards how it
should record a transaction in the financial statement and how they should do the valuation of
the same. It also help them to present the information properly in the financial statement as
the user is readily available information and it able to understand it properly so it will leave a
good image in front of the financial user. It helps them to follow all the rules and regulation
about the preparation of financial statement (Glover 2014).
Discussion
Overview of the company
The report is been based upon the company name Farm Pride Food Ltd. It is been
based in Kaduna, Kaduna State and it deals with the product like fresh juices and yoghurts.

4
Accounting and Financial Reporting
The company carry its business in Nigeria and it is a Nigerian brand which only deal
beverages from natural fruits.
AASB Conceptual Framework
It is the guideline or framework in regards of the “preparation and presentation of
financial statement”. The purpose of this to assist the AASB in regards of the coming up with
new standard and also keeping changes in the old standard, so it can be say that it check the
old standard as also it time to time come up with the new standard. It also help the AASB to
make norms and regulation in regards of the preparation and presentation of the financial
statement in regards of this standard (Henderson et al., 2015). It also help in making the
procedure in regards of the presentation and preparation of the accounting standard so that the
company can able to get more better presentation in the financial statement. It help in the
preparation of the financial statement as per the rules and regulation given by the accounting
standard as it show and guide the m in the preparation of the financial statement (Aasb.gov.au
2019). It also helps the external auditor in regards of the opinion that the company is having
true and fair view or not. As it give all the guidelines that the company should follow in
regards of the financial statement so if they do not follow the rules than the financial
statement are not showing true and fair view (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik 2015). The
framework guides the user to interpret the financial statement and able to take the decision in
regards of the financial statement. As it contain all the information so it help the user to know
more about company and able to take proper decision in regards of the company.
AASB 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The standard deals about the provision related to the recognition of revenue from
contracts with customers. It state all the principle related to the amount, timing, nature and
uncertainty related to the cash flow from the contract with the customers. So it gives the
criteria when the company can able to record as when the company and other party have

5
Accounting and Financial Reporting
entered in to the contract and it is been approve by oral or by written method, when the
company is able to identify the right of the contract as it able to know the right in regards of
the good and services (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield 2016). It able to know the details of
the payment and able to judge the proper amount of the contract. It should able to ascertain
all the above points and then only it will able to record the same as revenue from the contract
from the customers (Aasb.gov.au 2019). The standard also contain many details about the
contract and many other definition so that it will be able to judge by the company and help
them to correctly follow the standard. It also state about the disclosure of the company as the
company should disclose all the revenue from the contract and also should disclosure
judgements which the company have taken in regards of the account (Kimmel et al., 2016).
So it should disclose all the fact about the contract in the company financial account.
AASB 101 – Presentation of Financial Statement
This standard state about how the company should present the financial statement in
the financial reporting of the company (Libby 2017). This provide the guidelines of the
preparation of the financial statement of the company as it should be prepare in a proper
manner so that the financial statement can be easily comparable with other period of the
company and also with the other company in the industry as it show them the proper
guidance so that the financial user can easily able to compare it and able to take proper
decision in regards of the company (Aasb.gov.au 2019). It gets them an overview guide so
that it can able to prepare the financial statement properly and can make a proper financial
statement of the company (Schaltegger and Burritt 2017). So this helps the company to
provide the financial information properly in the financial statement so that the user can able
to know the details of the company. It also describe the other items of the financial statement
so that the company can able to know all the related definition and can able to easily record
the asset in the financial statement of the company (Warren Jr, Moffitt and Byrnes 2015).

6
Accounting and Financial Reporting
AASB 118 – Revenue
The standard deals with the how the company should record the revenue in the
balance sheet and also the related disclosure in the notes on accounts. It state that the there
are two kind of income in the business (Aasb.gov.au 2019). One is gain and other is revenue.
Revenue is been classified as the income which the company gets in the ordinary course of
the business whereas gain stand for the other income which the company get from the
business. The standard state the answer of the problem that when the company should record
the income as revenue in the business. It state that an income is been termed as revenue
when the company is able to get some economic benefit from the revenue in future and also it
able to calculate the amount of the revenue. The circumstance which should be there in the
income so that it will be consider as a revenue, the standard state that the ownership is been
transferred to the buyer and ll the risk and reward related to the goods is been given to the
buyer, the company does not have any right upon the good which they have transferred to the
buyer, the company is able to recognise the amount of revenue which they will earn in
respect of the goods transferred to then buyer, the confirmation of the ownership transfer is
been done and all the future economic benefit from the goods should be entitled by the new
entity, it also that the company is able to know real cost which they have spend upon the
good and had record the same in the financial statement of the company.
The disclosure which the company should give in respect of the revenue is that it
should show the accounting policy which the company have used in regards of the
recognition of the revenue and also should disclose the methods which is been used by the
company to know the timing of recording the revenue in the financial statement of the
company. It should also disclose any contingent asset or liabilities which are there in the
company (Aasb.gov.au 2019).

7
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Analysis of the company with the help of Financial Ratio
Current Ratio
Table – 1
Source – Author
As per the above table of the current ratio it can be seen that it has been fallen in the current
year as in 2017 it was 1.98 and in 2018 it is 1.57 so this show that the company have got a
decrease in the current ratio so this show that the company have a less amount of liquidity
which can be also consider as weak financial structure of the company so as a result it may
happen that the investor have lack of confidence that whether the company will be able to
have good position or not and as a result it may does not do business with the company
(Farmpride.com.au 2019).
Quick Ratio
Table No – 2
Source – Author
As per the given table it can be seen that the company is not having good quick ratio as in
2017 it was 1.69 and in 2018 it is 1.15 so this so that the company is having a decrease in the
quick ratio which is not good from the view point of an investor as it show that the company

8
Accounting and Financial Reporting
is not having enough amount of cash asset so it may happen that the company does not able
to pay back the amount of investment which the investor do in the business. So as it is been
decrease, than the investor may does not want to do the business with the company.
Operating Profit
Table No – 3
Source – Author
As per the above it can be seen that the operating profit have fallen from a high margin as in
2017 it was 13% and in 2018 it is 1% so this show that the company is not having a good
amount of business in the current year and also it may happen that there is been increase in
the cost of the company so as a result it have a decrease in the operating profit. So the
investors will not be happy with profit and as a result it may happen that they do not do
business with the company.
Net Profit
Table No – 4
Source – Author
As per the above table it can be seen that the net profit of the company have decrease from a
large margin so it a big issue from the investors as in 2017 it was 9% and in 2018 it was 1%

9
Accounting and Financial Reporting
so this is a big problem as the investor may find that the company is not having good
customer business and also it can happen that market is not there in the company so it happen
that the investors does not invest in the company.
Debt Ratio
Table No – 5
Source – Author
As per the above table it can be seen that the debt ratio has been increase so it show that the
company have increase its debt in the company so it may find attractive by the investors as
the company is having expansion in the business so it may affect that the investors have
invest more money in the business as it have good debt ratio.
Debt-Equity Ratio
Table No – 6
Source – Author
As per the Debt-Equity ratio is been consider good as it have an increase so this show that the
company is having good position as it have increase in the equity capital of the company so it
is a good sign for the investors as it will help them to get their money back easily so it can
help them to invest more in the company business.

10
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Conclusion
The report is been conclude as the financial account and accounting standard details
as how it help the company to manage and present the financial statement in the company. It
also contains some details of the accounting standard and how they should be implement in
the financial statement. Lastly it show the details of the investors view with regards of the
financial ratio of the company.

11
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Reference
Aasb.gov.au (2019). [online] Aasb.gov.au. Available at:
https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/ACCED264_06-15.pdf [Accessed 25 May
2019].
Aasb.gov.au (2019). [online] Aasb.gov.au. Available at:
https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB15_12-14_COMPsep18_01-19.pdf
[Accessed 25 May 2019].
Aasb.gov.au (2019). [online] Aasb.gov.au. Available at:
https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB101_07-15.pdf [Accessed 25 May
2019].
Aasb.gov.au (2019). [online] Aasb.gov.au. Available at:
https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB118_07-04_COMPoct10_01-11.pdf
[Accessed 25 May 2019].
Beatty, A. and Liao, S., 2014. Financial accounting in the banking industry: A review of the
empirical literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2-3), pp.339-383.
Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O’DWYER, B.R.E.N.D.A.N., 2014. Introduction to
sustainability accounting and accountability. In Sustainability accounting and
accountability(pp. 21-32). Routledge.
Farmpride.com.au (2019). [online] Farmpride.com.au. Available at:
http://www.farmpride.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2018-Farm-Pride-Foods-Ltd-
Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2019].

12
Accounting and Financial Reporting
Francis, B., Hasan, I., Park, J.C. and Wu, Q., 2015. Gender differences in financial reporting
decision making: Evidence from accounting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting
Research, 32(3), pp.1285-1318.
Glover, J., 2014. Have academic accountants and financial accounting standard setters traded
places?. Accounting, Economics and Law Account. Econ. Law, 4(1), pp.17-26.
Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial
accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015. Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill.
Kieso, D.E., Weygandt, J.J. and Warfield, T.D., 2016. Intermediate Accounting, Binder
Ready Version. John Wiley & Sons.
Kimmel, P.D., Weygandt, J.J., Kieso, D.E. and Trenholm, B., 2016. Financial Accounting.
Wiley Custom Learning Solutions.
Libby, R., 2017. Accounting and human information processing. In The Routledge
Companion to Behavioural Accounting Research (pp. 42-54). Routledge.
Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R., 2017. Contemporary environmental accounting: issues,
concepts and practice. Routledge.
Warren Jr, J.D., Moffitt, K.C. and Byrnes, P., 2015. How Big Data will change
accounting. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), pp.397-407.