Accounting Information Systems

This study analyzes the accounting information system of Adam & Co, a wholesaler of industrial suppliers. It examines the system flowchart of purchasing, cash disbursement, and payroll systems. The weaknesses in internal controls and associated risks are identified. The study highlights the importance of accounting information systems in managing financial information.

Running head: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Accounting Information Systems
(Adam & Co)
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

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Executive summary
Adam & Co is a wholesaler of the industrial suppliers based in Perth. The business has been
sourcing their inventories from various manufacturers in Vietnam Thailand and China. They have
the centralized accounting systems having the networked terminals located at varies locations. On
the other hand, the accounting information system is the framework used by organizations for
making collections, storages, controlling, processing, retrieving and then report the economic
information. In this study, the system flowchart to purchase systems of cash disbursement and
payroll systems of the business are analyzed. Apart from this, the internal control’s weaknesses for
the systems are the challenges related to this are evaluated in the study.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:..........................................................................................................................................3
The situation of the accounting information system regarding operating practices and organizational
structure:................................................................................................................................................3
Various kinds of accounting information systems:...............................................................................5
Purchasing system:............................................................................................................................5
Cash disbursements systems:.............................................................................................................6
Payroll system:...................................................................................................................................9
Describing the weakness of internal control in every system and the risks related to the weaknesses
identified:.............................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion:..........................................................................................................................................12
References:..........................................................................................................................................13

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Introduction:
The AIS or Accounting Information System is the structure that business utilizes for
collecting, storing, managing, processing, retrieving and reporting its financial information. Hence, it
can be utilized by the accountants, business, consultants, managers, auditors, tax agencies and chief
financial officers CFOs. The following study demonstrates, the system flowchart of purchasing, cash
disbursement systems and payroll systems of Adam & Co. Further, the weakness of internal control
in every systems and risk related to the identified weakness is analyzed here.
The situation of the accounting information system regarding operating practices
and organizational structure:
The AIS or Accounting Information System assimilates the practice and study of accounting.
This is done with the monitoring, implementation and designing of any information system. This
type of system includes the application of the resources of current information technology towards
conventional accounting controls. This also involves the processes of providing the users with the
financial information needed for managing the business. Further, the system is the component of the
system of the entity’s management information. The current technological abilities allow a range of
probable designs for the AIS (Schaltegger and Burritt 2017). However, the primary structure of the
system has been continuing to involve the three elements of input, output and processing. Next, the
input devices are commonly related to the AIS and involve the personal machines or the
workstations that run applications. It scans the different devices related to the overall standardized
data entry along with electronic communication devices. This is regarding EDI or Electronic Data
Interchange along with the innovation of e-commerce or electronic commerce (Libby 2017).
Moreover, the basic process is gained through the systems that range from individual PC to the huge

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scale enterprise servers. Nevertheless, conceptually, the underpinning model of processing has been
the accounting system of double-entry that has been found out various centuries before. Lastly, the
out devices utilized involves the nonimpact printers, impacts and displays along with electronic
communication devices relate to e-commerce and EDI. Further, the content of the output has been
encompassing all kinds of economic report.
Under organizational context the MIS or management information systems are the systems of
interactive human or machine supporting the decision making for the users under in and out of
conventional organizational limits. The systems are utilized for supporting the regular operational
tasks, resent and further tactical decisions along with the entire strategic pathway (Maskell,
Baggaley and Grasso 2017). Besides, the MIS is created of various important applications that
involve human resource systems and financial information. The financial information application is
at the core of AIS in real-life practice. Here, the different modules implemented commonly involves
the budgeting, projects, assets, inventories, billing, receivables, purchasing or procurements,
payables and common ledger. Again, human resource applications are the other important element of
present-day information systems. Commonly that are commonly integrated to the AIS involves the
labor reporting, time, payroll, pension administration, benefits administration and human resources
(Collier 2015).
Thus AIS is able to cover the different types of business functions originating from the
system of transaction processing systems of accounting transactions to the developed process system
and planning of financial management. The financial report begins with operational levels of
business. Here, the transaction processing system is able to capture the vital events of business-like
common selling, purchasing and production activities. Here transactions or events are summarized
and classified for making decisions internally and for the financial reporting externally (Diatmika,

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Irianto and Baridwan 2016). Next, the cost accounting systems like ABC or activity-based costing
are basically utilized or the environments of manufacturing. However, rousingly that are
implemented to service companies like insurance agencies, real estate firms and banks. It permits the
business sin tracking the expenses related to the production of goods and the service performances.
Lastly, the management accounting systems like master budgets are been utilized for facilitating the
control, monitoring and planning at organizational level. This type of systems permits every
managerial level to gain access for prompting the statistical and reporting analysis (Alewine, Allport
and Shen 2016). Here, the systems are utilized for collection of data in considering alternative
scenarios. This is to determine the optimal response among the various hypothetical scenarios.
Various kinds of accounting information systems:
Purchasing system:
The purchasing system is the method to buy the services and products that encompasses the
purchases from order or purchase and requisition. This is through payment and product receipt. This
purchasing system has been the primary component of inventory management that is effective to
monitor the current stock and useful for the companies to find what to buy. This involves how much
to be bought and time of buying that (Gordon 2018). Moreover, the purchasing systems have been
on the basis of financial order of the quantity models. The purchasing systems have been making the
process of purchasing an ineffective way. This helped the organizations to reduce the cost of supply.
The different types of computerized purchasing systems have been able to cut the administrative
costs can then shorten the length of purchasing cycles and decrease human errors. Moreover, they
are also able to simply the tracking of order (Ali, Omar and Bakar 2016). Here, they are able to ease
the tracking of order and make that simpler to control the purchasing of budgets through developing
reports of expenditure quickly. The purchasing systems have been playing a significant role to

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control the cash outflows of the company. It can assure the just needed purchases are to be done and
they are done at prices at reasonable level. Moreover, the systems of purchasing are able to utilize
the outcomes from the systems of product planning. Besides, the outcomes involve the amounts of
inputs in the process of productions.
Figure 1: “System flowchart of purchases system for Adam & Co”
(Source: Created by Author)

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Cash disbursements systems:
Adam & Co requires the cash disbursement system such that it can securely and efficiently
control the business‘s cash payment system. It is seen that there are necessities of the system of cash
disbursement. This securely and effectively handles their cash payments. Here, their accounts
payable has been nearly connected to cash disbursements. This is to be recorded over the financial
records of Adam & Co. Here, the presence of the effective internal controls are vital under cash
disbursements and is helpful to assure that cash gets aid for legitimate type of transactions. Here, the
function of the A/P has been in charge to approve payments on the vendor of the company and the
transaction of creditor (Taiwo 2016). Moreover, A/P has been approving the transactions for just the
payment while supporting the documentation present on the transaction. The reason is that a/p can
match the needed paperwork for approval of transaction. Hence, it is preferable that it never records
the real payments to creditor and vendor for preventing the paying of invalid and fraudulent
transactions (Cleary 2017). Further, maximum of the cash disbursements have invoice payments.
Here, for instance as the inventory is been bought, the transaction should be consisting of the invoice
apart from the order of purchase and evidence of merchandise receipt. This is prior the payment for
the transaction is made. Regarding this service, the invoice must be referring to the contract detailing
the agreement of job between various parties. The missing of documentation is able sign the
unfinished transaction like non-delivery of services and products and fraudulent tasks.

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Figure 2: “System flowchart of cash disbursements system for Adam & Co”
(Source: Created by Author)

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Payroll system:
The automatic payroll system process is helpful to comply with tax and legal requirements. It
can simplify the measures of paying the staffs. This is useful to get complied with the tax and legal
requirements. Further, it eases the paying of employees. Various staffs are able to outsource the
function of payroll to an external vendor and can utilize the payroll system software apart from
depending on the various manual processes (Sari and Purwanegara 2016). Moreover, it can calculate
the quantity that is owed by the staffs on the basis of factors like time of working, different hourly
salaries and wages and whether they can take vacation of the holidays during the period of paying. It
also processes tax information and helpful to comply with the obligations of taxes. The reports of
payroll s helpful for the business to control the greatest costs which are the labor for Adam & Co.
This generates a multitude of reports or salaried and hourly staffs.

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Figure 3: “System flowchart of payroll system for Adam & Co”
(Source: Created by Author)

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Describing the weakness of internal control in every system and the risks related
to the weaknesses identified:
For purchasing system they can face the concern about the understatement of need. For the
weakness is purchasing of improper service or product, wastage of money, necessity did not satisfy.
Then there is the overstatement of need. It can lead to poor competition and higher expense. Then,
there is the misinterpretation of user needs. They are fully unacceptable purchasing, time lost, rise in
cost and probable downtime (Feeney and Pierce 2016). Further, there is insufficient funding. This
can give rise of delay to make the purchase, extra expenses for the re-tender. Further, there is the
impractical timeframe. This has improper reactions from the tenders, decrease in competition and
not meeting the delivery schedule. Lastly, there are the issues of probity. This involves the rise in
procurement expenses, misuse of the resources, the most appropriate products are never gained and
unethical conducts.
For Cash disbursements systems there are improper controls. Here, the internal controls are
decided and created on the business. However, this is not always suitable and the controls can be too
lax in some sectors that might result in security concerns. Further, there can be missing controls with
particular circumstances. As the internal controls are never been regulated from the external
authority there are scopes that some of the controls needed are skipped (Arabmazar Yazdi et al.
2017). For instance, Adam & Co may have detailed controls for the cash disbursements for the
common business projects. Nevertheless, they are at a loss as the disbursements for the grant
program is considered. The accountability indicates to security of internal controls and capability of
withstanding misuse and misconduct. Further, the security measures are able to alter the channels
through which cash is able to move. However, the internal controls are able to alter very fast. This

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leaves Adam & Co lagging beyond as this tries to face the latest perquisites having backdated
strategic framework.
On the other hand, the Payroll system has not been without any risks at its internal controls.
Adam & Co has required to process the payroll through the manual kind of in house payroll system.
This is the attractive scope to extend the business. The reason is that it never has any costly service
fees or software packages include in that. Nonetheless, in result the manual payroll system has been
providing unauthentic and inaccurate erroneous outcomes and making the process wrong. Here, the
tax controls are complex and difficult. Besides, the manual systems comprise of no built-in type of
algorithms for catching the mistakes. This is a time-consuming process (O'Leary 2017). Further,
Adam & Co has the in house payroll. As an officer enters the data initially, the payroll software is
able to save the staff and data of payroll. Nonetheless, the processor of liable for the outcomes. As
the officer never enter the proper data, the payroll reporting can be improper. Ultimately there is the
outsourcing payroll. The third-party payroll business has been providing to consider complicated
tasks of payroll processing away from the plate of Adam & Co. typically, the services the file payroll
returns from Adam & Co such that the officers never need to worry about the expensive late fees.
Conclusion:
For Adam & Co the new sales of the products are exceeding the expectations. Nevertheless,
the present accounting systems are unable to handle the rise in volume. Undertaking the proper
choice relies on understanding the underpinning principles behind any effective accounting
information systems. The above study is helpful to understand how Adam & Co’s accounting
information system has been effective to gather the data from various transactions. Besides, it is
useful to process the information and create useful reports for helping their management to make

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decision timely. The data is so important for Adam & Co’s success that their management should be
having the above understanding of the accounting information system.

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References:
Alewine, H.C., Allport, C.D. and Shen, W.C.M., 2016. How measurement framing and accounting
information system evaluation mode influence environmental performance judgments. International
Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 23, pp.28-44.
Al-Hawari, F., 2017. Analysis and design of an accounting information system. International
Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 2, pp.16-21.
Ali, B.J., Omar, W.A.W. and Bakar, R., 2016. Accounting Information System (AIS) and
organizational performance: Moderating effect of organizational culture. International Journal of
Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(4), pp.138-158.
Arabmazar Yazdi, M., Nasseri, A., Nekoee Zadeh, M. and Moradi, A., 2017. The Impact of
Accounting Information System Flexibility on Firm Performance with Dynamic Capabilities
Approach. Journal of Accounting and Auditing Review, 24(2), pp.221-242.
Ceran, M.B., Gungor, S. and Konya, S., 2016. The role of accounting information systems in
preventing the financial crises experienced in businesses. Economics, Management, and Financial
Markets, 11(1), pp.294-303.
Cleary, P., 2017. Introduction to Accounting Information Systems. In The Routledge Companion to
Accounting Information Systems (pp. 3-12). Routledge.
Collier, P.M., 2015. Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision
making. John Wiley & Sons.