This article analyzes the conceptual framework of accounting for BHP Billiton, the largest mining company in the world. It discusses how financial statements are used by stakeholders and the difference between fixed and flexible classification of assets and liabilities.
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Running Head: Accounting Theory Accounting Theory Conceptual Framework for BHP Billiton Laptop04011 [Pick the date]
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Accounting Theory1 Contents Background......................................................................................................................................2 Scope................................................................................................................................................2 Preliminary analysis findings..........................................................................................................3 List of evidences..............................................................................................................................4 References........................................................................................................................................5
Accounting Theory2 Background The organization chosen for the analysis is BHP Billiton that is a large-scale petroleum extracting organization. BHP is an Australian organization that is present in the metal and mining industry. The company is a dual listed public company that has its headquarter in Victoria. The organization was found in the year 1885 and is the largest mining company present in the world in terms of market capitalization. The company earned revenue ofUS$52.8 billion in the previous year that accounts the profitability enjoyed by the organization. Talking about mining industry of Australia, it should be noted that this industry plays a significant role in economy of the country as export, royalty, employment etc. activities are implemented in the environment (BHP 2018). The industry has delievered overall $250 billion in exports to the Australian economy in the year 2018. So, it can be analysed that the business functions performed by the organization BHP are large scale and extensive. The company works with around 10000 employees in 25 nations. The company is listed on Australian Stock Exchange along with London Stock Exchange and Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The company was reshaped in the year 2001 after the merger of BrokenHillProprietaryandBilliton.Themergerofboththeorganizationhelpedthe organization to become one of the world’s largest diversified resource organizations. The company is world’s largest producer of silver, uranium, aluminium, manganese, copper, iron ore, nickel, and titanium minerals. The organization has market capitalization of worth USS$ 166 billion and net operating cash flow of US$17.9 billion (Bell 2019). Scope The accounting theory chosen to analyse the functions of the company BHP Billiton is ‘Conceptual framework of accounting’. Conceptual framework refers to the process of ideas and objectives that help the organization to create consistent set of rules and standards for them. This process gives effectiveness to the accounting activity of the organization as rules and standards set the functions, limit and nature of the financial accounting system and statements of the organization. This process provides strong and conceptual frameworks to the organization so as
Accounting Theory3 to capture real and authentic accounting information for the organization (Richardson, et. al., 2015). This concept is suitable for the business because it will help the company BHP Billiton to analyse the ways in which they can collect the materialistic information from the scattered details about the company. Further, it will help the large business entity to develop conceptual frameworks to record to functions of the business and represent true financial statements to the people. Based on the large scale functioning of the company, it type of framework would be most appropriate as will identify the functions of business and will help the managers to record them in the most appropriate manner (Macve 2015). Preliminary analysis findings Different stakeholders employ the information disclosed about the statement of financial position in different ways. The financial statement of the company details about the current profitable position of the company along with the net income and cash flow activities of the business. The financial statements of the company BHP disclose the profitable activities of the business along with information about their assets and liabilities. This information is employed by different people in different ways (Flower, and Ebbers 2018). Like, the investors of the organization make use of information given in financial statements so as to perceive growth in the performance of the company. These people take decisions in the environment while considering the growth in the performance of the business. This information would employed by the management of BHP Billiton to refer the growth of the company and make decisions based on the profits or losses incurred by the organization (Schroeder, Clark, and Cathey, 2019). The customers use this information to analyse the financial position of the organisation in the external international environment and evaluate whether they should continue purchasing the products from organization or not. The government agencies study the financial statements of BHP Billiton to predict the future taxes of the large-scale organization and find out that whether the company is paying taxes appropriately or not. The conceptual framework under this case will help the company BHP Billiton to prepare the financial statements in such a way that right message is perceived by different stakeholders of the organization. In addition, they do not face difficulty in finding the resourceful information in the statement (Robinson, et. al., 2015).
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Accounting Theory4 Fixed format of classification of assets and liabilities of the organization involves the process in which the information is recorded in the same way it has happened in the environment. Under the fixed format, the organization does not modify the classification of assets and liabilities based on their relation with the business. For instance, a liability for the organization BHP Billiton is not actually a liability for the business, but still the company will record it in the liability segment in fixed format. However, in case of flexible format, the business can modify the information based on their characteristics in relation to the company (Barker, and Schulte 2017). Under this format, the management might not record the given liability in the liability section because of its nature in relation to the company. In fixed format, all the assets and liabilities are classified in the way they have occurred without any modification. In fixed classification, it important for the organization to record the details in the same way it is present and according to fixed conceptual framework as well. However, in flexible classification of assets and liabilities the management can slightly mould the classification depending upon the nature of the assets. Not all assets and liabilities have same nature for every business but they cannot be adjusted in fixed format. So, in flexible format the business can easily make adjustments for such assets and liability based on their functioning in the company (Williams, and Dobelman, 2017). List of evidences ï‚·Financial statements of BHP Billiton ï‚·Online Journals ï‚·Books
Accounting Theory5 References Barker, R. and Schulte, S., 2017. Representing the market perspective: Fair value measurement for non-financial assets.Accounting, Organizations and Society,56, pp.55-67. Bell.,T.(2019)CompanyProfile:BHPBilliton[online].Availablefrom< https://www.thebalance.com/company-profile-bhp-billiton-2340279>[Accessedon25 September 2019]. BHP.,(2018)AnnualReport2018[online].Availablefrom< https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/investors/annual-reports/2018/ bhpannualreport2018.pdf> [Accessed on 25 September 2019]. Flower, J. and Ebbers, G., 2018.Global financial reporting. Macmillan International Higher Education. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. UK: Routledge. Richardson, P., Dellaportas, S., Perera, L. and Richardson, B., 2015. Towards a conceptual frameworkonthecategorizationofstereotypicalperceptionsinaccounting.Journalof accounting literature,35, pp.28-46. Robinson, T.R., Henry, E., Pirie, W.L. and Broihahn, M.A., 2015.International financial statement analysis. US: John Wiley & Sons. Schroeder,R.G.,Clark,M.W.andCathey,J.M.,2019.Financialaccountingtheoryand analysis: text and cases. US: John Wiley & Sons. Williams, E.E. and Dobelman, J.A., 2017. Financial statement analysis.World Scientific Book Chapters, pp.109-169.