ACCT 3004 Auditing Assessment Task Two

This article discusses the preliminary risk assessment, materiality, risk factors affecting risk model & audit strategy, and more with reference to Crest Outfitters. It includes a detailed analysis of the client's background information, industry, regulatory and other factors, measures to assess financial performance, and the applicable financial reporting framework. The article also covers the components of internal control, the process of substantive procedure, and the sources of evidence that auditors evaluate while performing control and substantive testing.

ACCT 3004 Auditing
Assessment Task Two

Table of Contents
Part 1: Preliminary risk assessment.................................................................................................3
Part 2: Materiality............................................................................................................................4
Risk factors affecting risk model & audit strategy......................................................................5
Part 3................................................................................................................................................6
Part 4................................................................................................................................................7
Part 5................................................................................................................................................7
Part 6................................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
Books and Journals....................................................................................................................11

Part 1: Preliminary risk assessment
Work paper ref: _A-002__
Prepared by: Tia
__RJ_____Hallafi_
Date prepared: 16/4/2020
Crest Outfitters
Audit for the year ending 30 June 2020
Preliminary assessment of risks of material misstatement
OBJECTIVES
Gaining an understanding of the client to determine the potential risk factors associated with material
misstatement due to error or fraud at the time of developing audit strategy.
Identification of risks associated with Crest Outfitters foreign currency and lease account.
CLIENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Organisational structure, ownership and governance
Who is the owner of the company? What type of corporate governance have been adopted by the
client (membership of board of directors, agency relationships or ownership concentration)?
Are there any board of directors who are independent, if Yes, how many?
How foreign currency is being used in the business what are the type of transactions and their volume
that are accomplished in foreign currency?
What is the model of the business? Does the business use leases extensively and whether there is any
security that has been kept on account of leases?
The Entity and Its Environment giving rise to inherent risk
Industry, regulatory and other factors
What are the government regulations applicable on the firm?
The industry from which the firm is associated with and the level of competition in it? Are there any
global standards required to be satisfied for this industry?
The current economic condition of the firm’s economy and how this could affect the firm?
How the foreign currency and movements therein could affect the performance of entity?
The item in which the entity is dealing, the nature of demand (trend or dependent), the nature of item
(luxury or essential)?
The possibility of occurrence of theft or fraud?

Measures to assess financial performance
What information is required to be disclosed publicly?
What is the position of entity among other players of the industry?
What procedures or policies have been adopted with respect to the remuneration of staff?
What is the level of training and qualification does the accounting staff hold?
The Applicable Financial Reporting Framework
What are the estimates and policies used by the entity in its accounting procedure could affect its
audit risk?
What else accounting standards must be complied to by the entity?
Does the company trades publicly in one or more jurisdiction?
Obtaining an Understanding of the Entity’s System of Internal Control
What IT systems are used to support the entity’s business?
Does the entity have documented business processes and procedures?
The reasons for which the analytical procedures are used during risk assessment involves the
following:
These procedures are considered to be more effective as well as efficient as compared to tests
concerning the reduction of risk of material misstatements both at the assertion and
acceptably low level. It further facilitates the determination of the cause of risk of material
misstatement that is, whether it has happened due to fraud or error (Voss and Carter, 2021).
Part 2: Materiality
The preliminary assessment which is also referred to as the risk assessment phase involves
involve one of the initial step while conducting audit. Therefore, it has a significant relationship
with the identification of risk associated with materiality because the background information
concerning the client could be obtained only through preliminary assessment and this in turn
could facilitate the determination of materiality thresholds in order to ensure reasonable

assurance. This is turn indicates that there is no significant impact of material misstatement over
the usability of Crest outfitters financial statements.
Risks of material misstatement
Risk can be found to be materially misstated both on financial statement level as well as the
assertion level (O'Connell and et.al., 2020). The risk of material misstatement arising at financial
statement level involves certain risks that could affect the entire financial statement or potentially
having effect over several assertions. It has the potentiality of hindering auditor’s ability in
giving unqualified audit opinion.
The factors due to which risk of material misstatement arises at financial statement level are as
follows:
 Improper oversight by the BODs.
 Incompetency of management
 Inadequacy of records & accounting systems
 Poor economic and industrial conditions.
GAAP makes it necessary for the auditor to assess the risk associated with material misstatement
at the assertion level which is composed of control and inherent risk.
With respect to the Crest outfitters, the risk of material misstatement could arise at the time of
foreign currency transactions while recognizing or exchanging gains or losses associated with it.
Risk factors affecting risk model & audit strategy
The risk of material misstatement results in higher level of inherent as well as control risk and
accordingly, there would be higher acceptable audit risk. In case of risk factors associated with
material misstatement, the auditors are bound to give inappropriate audit opinion.

Part 3
With regards to the case of Crest Outfitters there will be an effect being created on the
accounts and business then they decided to open the physical store. This will be created by the
company because of the reason that when the company will be going to another country then all
the accounting requirements will be changed and so the auditing will also be changed. In case the
company will be selling its products and services in another country then they will be treated in
different manner (Byrne, Anda and Ho, 2019). This is particularly because of the reason that
Crest Outfitters will have to comply with the accounting and auditing standard of that country
only. The major effect of this on the income and the accounts of Crest Outfitters will be on the
recording of the business transaction. This is particularly because of the reason that when the
company will not be complying with the requirement of accounting and auditing standard of
every country is different and it takes a lot of time in managing the work in better and effective
manner. In case the goods and services are being sold at the beginning of the year then it will be
recorded in the same manner and this will be audited along with the other account at the end of
the year.

Part 4
Sufficient appropriate evidence must be present at the time of auditing. Sufficiency can be
described in terms of appropriateness as well as the quantity of evidences.
External confirmations: here confirmation is obtained from third party with regards to the matter
included in confirmation letter. For instance, bank reconciliation statement.
Documentary evidences: It includes invoices, minutes of meetings, supplier’s and bank
statement, etc. these are third party generated evidences used during auditing (Malone and et.al.,
2018).
Representations: Specific consideration for claims as well as litigation required auditor to gather
representation letter from the lawyers of the client as an audit evidence.
Verbal evidence: It is required while gaining an understanding of the client itself or its internal
control system.
Computational evidence: It is required for checking the mathematical accuracy of the financial
reports. In case of Crest outfitters, it could be used to determine whether the translation has been
done accurately.
Physical evidence: Such evidence is obtained through the inspection of tangible assets held with
the client.
Electronic evidence: It involves evidences generated through accounting software and other
electronic transactions giving rise to financial event.
Data analytics: It is the evidence obtained by the auditor through analyzing financial records of
the client.
All these are the sources of evidences that auditor evaluates while performing control and
substantive testing. They perform evaluation by taking sample of evidences where the size of
sample depends on several factors such as the extent of control that the auditor establishes,
tolerance for deviation or misstatement, etc. all this led to increase or decrease in the size of
sample (Eltweri, 2021).

Part 5
Components of internal control
At the time of control risk assessment, auditor is required to evaluate risks of material
misstatement, enquiry of individuals and management personnel involved in internal audit
function, analytical procedures, etc (Hoque and Thiagarajah, 2022).
Control environment must be evaluated that is associated with the preparation of financial report.
 Management communicates & enforces integrity & ethical values –
 reduce incentives, pressures & opportunity that tempt staff to act dishonestly, illegally
 Management set example by following code of good conduct
 Commitment to competence – continued staff training
 Participation of those charged with governance (CEO / Board/Audit committee)
 Management philosophy & operating style – are they risk takers?
 Assignment of authority & responsibility
 Organisational structure
 Human resources policy
Entity risk assessment process: It involves identification of risks associated with foreign currency
& leases, significance of that risk and addressing that risk.
Entity’s process to monitor the quality of control: It involves identification of effectiveness of
controls and remediation of control deficiencies.
IT & related processes and communication in business: It involves activities related to
information processing in entity and resources, policies & disclosures associated with it.
Control activities: It involves authorization, performance reviews, information processing,
physical controls and segregation of duties.
With reference to Crest outfitters, the following would be done for testing controls:
transaction
s
Objectives
/assertions
WCGW Controls/steps Performed
Y/N
Has fraud
been

identified
Techniques,
documentations,
prevent/detect
control, sources,
Importing
equipment
in foreign
currency
Accuracy Inappropriat
e use of spot
rate
Supplier
statement used
as an evidence
Yes No.
Part 6
The process of substantive procedure includes the first step of verification of purchase
orders and the respective invoice in better and effective manner (Barratt, Shaban and Gilbert,
2020). This will help Crest Outfitters in improving the working efficiency of the working in
better and effective manner. Further the next steps of the process are to recheck that the rates and
the quantity purchased in purchase order need to be same. Thereafter the next step is to post the
items received in the related ledger and this also need to be verified in better way. Then the cut
off procedure is being checked on the purchase and it should be done in the same manner. In the
end the analytical procedure is being implemented by Crest Outfitters for comparing the actual
performance.
The following is the substantive audit procedure for lease account of Crest outfitters. It involves
both test of details as well as the analytical procedures.
Objective: All the property obtained on lease has been shown appropriately in the obligations
section of the balance sheet (Skotarenko and et.al., 2020). (This shows existence of lease
property within the business along with ensuring completeness of records in financial statement)
The entity has valued the lease asset and lease liability account on the basis of total lease
payments made. (it ensures that the lease property has been valued accurately)

The Crest outfitters has the right to use to use the leased asset on an agreed term. (By ensuring
so, it could be determined that Crest outfitters have rights & obligations to use the asset)
Disclosures related to the leases account have been appropriately made in the notes on the basis
of applicable accounting principles. (Auditors here ensures that the assets & liabilities associated
with leases have been appropriately classified and detailed explanation for their treatment and
recognition have been given).
It is all about substantive procedure with reference to the lease account of Crest outfitters
through which test of details and analytical procedures are being done by the auditor of several
financial records.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Barratt, R., Shaban, R.Z. and Gilbert, G.L., 2020. Characteristics of personal protective
equipment training programs in Australia and New Zealand hospitals: A survey. Infection,
disease & health, 25(4), pp.253-261.
Byrne, J.J., Anda, M. and Ho, G.E., 2019. Water sustainable house: Water auditing of 3 case
studies in Perth, Western Australia. Water Practice and Technology, 14(2), pp.435-443.
Eltweri, A., 2021. The Blockchain Impact on the Current Auditing Standards.
Hoque, Z. and Thiagarajah, T., 2022. Local Government Auditing in Australia. In Auditing
Practices in Local Governments: An International Comparison (pp. 13-26). Emerald
Publishing Limited.
Malone, B., and et.al., 2018. Auditing on-farm soil carbon stocks using downscaled national
mapping products: Examples from Australia and New Zealand. Geoderma regional, 13,
pp.1-14.
O'Connell, B.T., and et.al., 2020. Impact of research assessment exercises on research
approaches and foci of accounting disciplines in Australia. Accounting, Auditing &
Accountability Journal, 33(6), pp.1277-1302.
Skotarenko, O., and et.al., 2020. The application of auditing internal standards for strengthen
positions in the accounting outsourcing services market. European Journal of Molecular
& Clinical Medicine, 7(2), p.2020.
Voss, B. and Carter, D., Regulation of auditing in Australia.