TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction......................................................................................................................................3Task 1...............................................................................................................................................31. Importance of essential elements required for the formation of valid contract.......................32. Impact of different types of contract .......................................................................................43. Description and impact of different type of contractual terms................................................64. Case study of Ivan and Todor..................................................................................................65. Case study of Adam and Brian................................................................................................76. Case study of Barry and local council.....................................................................................8TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability.......................................................................82. Scenario A................................................................................................................................9Case of Mark and Regent Hotel.................................................................................................10Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11References......................................................................................................................................122
INTRODUCTIONContract and negligence law is developed by parliament of UK to describe standardobligations of parties to be fulfilled during their performance. These obligations are mandatory tobe fulfilled by the parties in contractual relationship as well as in general actions. Further,provision of damages has been provided in situation where there duties are not complied in aproper manner (Twomey and Jennings, 2010). In present report, description of provisions ofcontract and negligence law is provided in order to give suitable outcome to the case scenarios.For justified outcome conclusive decisions of cases previous case laws will be referenced.TASK 11. Importance of essential elements required for the formation of valid contractContract can be defined as an enforceable agreement by law in which parties are requiredto provide satisfactory performance else they are held liable to provide damages. Agreementcreated by parties is considered legally enforceable if following essential elements are part of it:ElementDescriptionCaseOffer Offer is a proposal given by oneparty to another party (general or to aspecific person) for the completionof particular performance (Slapperand Kelly, 2011). Offer is required tobe certain and distinct frominvitation.In the case precedent of Harvey vFacey [1893], contract was notenforceable by law because offer wasnot specific as consideration wassupported by word the lowest price.AcceptanceIt can be termed as consent, given bythe party to whom offer wasprovided. It was required to beunconditioned. In situation whereacceptance will be conditional then itwill be treated as counter offer. In accordance with the case of Hyde vWrench (1840), court held thatprevious offer is canceled with thecounter offer. By considering this facttheir agreement was not consideredvalid. IntentionAll parties must intend to create legalrelationship for the promise made byAs per the case of Balfour v Balfour[1919], social and domestic3
them in agreement (Deaki and et.al.,2007).agreements does not have legalenforceablity.ConsiderationConsideration can be defined asbenefit for which parties enter intocontractual relationship. It movesfrom promisor to promissee.As per the case of Re McArdle (1951)past consideration is not said to bevalid for contractual relationship.Privity ofcontract In accordance with this Englishdoctrine, third party is not entitled tomake claim of damages for the non-satisfactory contractual performance.In the case of Dunlop v Selfridge(1915), claim of third party fordamages was not considered valid bythe court of law. 2. Impact of different types of contract Given statement is not right as different contracts have difference impact on theperformance of parties. Impact and description of various form of contracts is enumerated below:Unilateral contract DefinitionIn these contracts, general offer is given to the public in which each person is entitled forthe acceptance (Rush and Ottley, 2006). On the performance of offerree, offeror will be obligedto complete the promise made by them.Impact Offerree is not obliged for the performance of promise as it is optional for them.However, on the performance of offerree, offeror will be obliged to complete the promise madeby them.Case In Carlil V Carbolic Smoke ball, defendant (offeror) denied fulfilling promise aftercompletion of performance by claimant. In the cited case, court of law had provided decision thatthe defendant liable to provide damages for the breach.Bilateral contract Definition4
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