Acute Care: Case Study, Clinical Complications, and Discharge Planning

This essay explores acute care through a case study, discussing the development of a care plan, clinical complications, and discharge planning. It covers topics such as co-morbidities, interventions, and relevant assessments. Suitable for healthcare professionals and students.

Acute care
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Plan of care..................................................................................................................................3
Analyse and discuss case to find out clinical issues....................................................................3
Discharge planning......................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
It is necessary to provide effective health and care services to patient. the care services are
given on basis of health condition and medical history of patient. basically, for acute care patient
it requires to develop a proper care plan and on basis of that care services is given. Also, there
may occur some clinical health issue due to which it can impact on care. Thus, these issues needs
to be intervene by nurse (Banach, & et.al., 2018).
In this essay it will be described about a case study and care plan will be developed. Also, it
will be explained 2 clinical complication which may arise. Besides that relevant interventions
will be discussed in it. moreover, discharge planning of patient will be described as well.
Plan of care
There requires to develop a care plan for Sarah as per the data given. It is because with
that issues is identified and on basis of it interventions are developed.
Assessment Potential issues Interventions Rationale
Respiratory rate Risk of severe pain By doing regular
exercise and yoga
regularly respiratory
rate is maintained.
It will led in normal
breathing rate and
oxygen level and
maintain respiratory
rate properly
Sugar level Rise in BP and stroke
attack
By giving a healthy
diet and checking
sugar level
With that glucose
level within body will
be balanced
Temperature Fever and headache To drink enough
water, juice and
liquids.
It will result in
maintaining normal
body temperature
Urine analysis Kidney failure Here, dialysis can be
given by nurse to treat
kidney.
This is done to
maintain effective
functioning of urine.
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Thus, this care plan can be followed which will enable in reporting all reading required
and taking relevant interventions in it. hence, it will enable in reducing issues through
interventions taken.
Analyse and discuss case to find out clinical issues
Discuss sarah co morbidities including smoking, heart disease in general anaesthetic
It can be analysed that Sarah is having a medical history of hypertension, OSA, and MI.
due to that she is not able to sleep well and it has highly impacted on her mental health.
Alongside, she smoke 15 cigarettes per day and in her family father died due to heart disease.
Thus, it is evaluated that Sarah can also suffer from co morbidity of general anaesthetic. she
might temporary loss her state of mind and sensation. Thus, she might become unconscious due
to loss of memory (Bridgeman, , & Abazia, 2017). These all may occur within 24 hours which
may led to some serious consequence. Alongside, within 24 hours of surgery there may occur
some other concern as well of mental illness. The main reason is as she is already having poor
medical history and smoking habit. In addition, as she is aged lady thus there is high chance of
having anaesthetic in 24 hours.
2 clinical complication related to co morbidility
It is analysed that there are certain clinical complication which may arise within 24 hours
time. This is because as Sarah is already having several co morbidities and is also going for
laparotomy surgery. Due to that it might become difficult to improve her health and provide care
services. So, the clinical complication that can arise is
Heart disease- this clinical complication may arise within 24 hours. As Sarah smoke 15
cigarettes and MI surgery is done in left artery so there may be failure of organs due to it.
moreover, her father also died due to heart failure (Dickert, & et.al., 2020). Hence, there is high
chance of having heart disease in Sarah. Also, it is found that she is suffering from hyper
cholesterolemia thus rise in cholesterol level in 24 hours is concern. This clinical complication
needs to be considered in it. heart disease may arise resulting in artery or heart failure.
Lung failure- this is another clinical complication which can arise in 24 hours. It is found that
Sarah co morbidity is smoking, alcohol etc. so it can led to breathing problem in her due to
which lungs can damage. Apart from that, it is found that she is undergoing laparotomy surgery
so due to failure of some organs lungs may not function properly. Therefore, this co morbidity is
related to medical history of Sarah. It may occur within 24 hours.
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Relevant interventions to prevent clinical deterioration
It is important to take relevant intervention by nurse in order to prevent clinical
deterioration of Sarah. This can be done by identify and prevent it. also, nurse play vital role in
this as she is one who provide care to her. Therefore, there are some intervention which needs to
be taken. It is defined as
Gathering data- this is first intervention where nurse can regularly collect data of Sarah . she can
measure her BP, breathing rate, pulse rate, RR, etc and identify whether there is deterioration in
health or not (Halpern & et.al., 2019). Thus it will enable in maintaining her health normal and
reporting data to doctor. So, by regular monitoring of her health condition clinical deterioration
can be prevented.
Recording vital signs- this is also intervention which nurse can take. Here, they can record vital
signs of Sarah and how organs are responding towards it. then, nurse can immediately inform to
doctor and measure are taken in time of 24 hours. In this way her health condition is monitored
closely and it will be useful in preventing clinical deterioration.
Thus, these are relevant assessment taken by nurse in order maintain health of Sarah.
Discharge planning
It is important to do discharge planning so that patient is discharged in effective way. Here, aim
is to it is to reduce length of stay in hospital and unplanned re admission in it. also, to enhance
services of discharge and co ordination between patient and care workers. Here, it must be
ensured that each patient leaves hospital within time. The planning is done differently for patient
depending on their situation (Rhee & et.al., 2019). However, multi disciplinary approach enable
in offering evidence based care to patient. In this there are health professional and nurses that
work together. So, with team work and integrated practices care services are delivered.
Similarly, for Sarah as well there is need to develop a discharge plan so that she can go
home. Here, within plan it require to include some medical treatment as well of her.
Home environment Proper resources and equipment, home care
facility.
Bed use Use only for sleeping or taking rest, no excess
use
Family support services To daily check up BP, RR, pulse rate, etc
Psychosocial issues Irregular sleep disorder, hypertension
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Post operative education Awareness about healthy diet, non smoking,
Lifestyle modification No smoking of cigarette, no alcohol
consumption, eating healthy diet and food,
taking enough sleep
Medication Taking proper medicine, pain killer, aspirin,
etc.
CONCLUSION
It can be summarized from essay that acute care requires a proper planning. Sarah is having
a medical history of hypertension, OSA, and MI. so, she can also suffer from co morbidity of
general anaesthetic in 24 hours. Due to it she can loss her unconsciousness and memory.
Furthermore, there are 2 clinical complication which can occur as it is related to her co morbidity
that is lung failure and heart disease. Also, there are certain intervention which can be taken to
prevent clinical deterioration that is collecting data, recording vital signs. A discharge plan is
developed to give advice to Sarah and family members.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Banach, D. B., Bearman, G., Barnden, M., Hanrahan, J. A., Leekha, S., Morgan, D. J., ... &
Wiemken, T. L. (2018). Duration of contact precautions for acute-care settings. infection
control & hospital epidemiology, 39(2), 127-144.
Bridgeman, M. B., & Abazia, D. T. (2017). Medicinal cannabis: history, pharmacology, and
implications for the acute care setting. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 42(3), 180.
Dickert, N. W., Bernard, A. M., Brabson, J. M., Hunter, R. J., McLemore, R., Mitchell, A. R., ...
& Speight, C. D. (2020). Partnering with patients to bridge gaps in consent for acute care
research. The American Journal of Bioethics, 20(5), 7-17.
Halpern, N. A., Tan, K. S., DeWitt, M., & Pastores, S. M. (2019). Intensivists in US acute care
hospitals. Critical care medicine, 47(4), 517-525.
Rhee, C., Jones, T. M., Hamad, Y., Pande, A., Varon, J., O’Brien, C., ... & Klompas, M. (2019).
Prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US
acute care hospitals. JAMA network open, 2(2), e187571-e187571.
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