401210 Health Variations 3: Acute Exacerbation of Heart Failure Report

This report delves into the complexities of acute exacerbation of heart failure (AEHF), a critical condition often leading to hospital admissions. The report examines the latest research, guidelines, and controversies surrounding the management of AEHF, including pre-hospital and early hospital interventions. It analyzes the common mechanisms contributing to the development of AEHF and atrial fibrillation, focusing on evidence-based treatment strategies. The report also offers a critical analysis of existing guidelines, exploring alternative approaches to patient management in emergency department settings. Key areas covered include the use of diuretics, nitrates, and non-invasive ventilation, alongside insights from the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care's guidelines. This report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of AEHF, equipping healthcare professionals with the knowledge to improve patient outcomes.

Acute Exacerbation of Heart
Failure
Aetiology
During high blood pressure
(hypertension), heart
muscles contract very
rapidly.
High Blood
Pressure narrowing
of arteries
Leads to
resistance in
blood flow
Pathogenesis
Enhanced level of epinephrine
and norepinephrine
• High blood pressure
• Enhanced cardiac output
• High quantity of afterload
• High vasoconstriction
Ventricular
remodelling
• Inadequate supply of blood
• No signal transmission
• The cardiac muscle losses
myosin and myocytes
Systolic heart failure
Activation of renin-angiotensin
aldosterone
and sympathetic nervous system
Treatment
• Diuretic Mediation
• ACE suppressors or
inhibitors
• Beta-Blockers such as
metoprolol
• Nitro-glycerine
Pharmacologica
l intervention
Non-
pharmacologica
l Intervention
• Health monitoring
• Educating patients
• Healthy diet
• Enhanced Physical
activity
• Oxygen therapy
Diagnosis
High blood pressure
Respiratory
rate Blood pressure
• Exhibit the condition
of atrial fibrillation or
irregular rhythm of
heart rate
Evaluation of
vital sign
Electro-
cardiogram
Course of illness Preventi
on
Due to enhanced blood pressure
the amount of blood flow is also
high in the heart and the amount
of blood pumped into the left
ventricle if reduced that leads to
low cardiac output.
Therefore, leads to the condition
of chronic disease
Healthy diet
Daily exercise
Effective medication
Herat Failure is defined as the severe
and chronic cardiovascular illness that
occurs due to abnormal functioning of
heart
Heart fails to pump
adequate amount of
blood