Acute Life Threatening Issue: Pathophysiology, Nursing Interventions and Medications

This report discusses the pathophysiology, nursing interventions and medications for acute life threatening issues. It includes a case study of a patient with hypertension, myocardial infraction and congestive heart failure. The report suggests nursing interventions such as oxygen therapy, body positioning and fluid restriction, and medications such as furosemide and glyceryl trinitrate.

ACUTE LIFE THREATENING ISSUE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
QUESTIONS 1................................................................................................................................1
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................2
QUESTION 3...................................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Acute life threatening disease is usually defined as the context which is related with issue
which is associated with the disease which may include hypertension, cardiovascular disease and
many more which may create complication and consequence that may affect the health of the
patient (Borlaug, and Reddy, 2019). In this report, the major of discussion is based on the patient
named Das who is facing the issue of hypertension, myocardial infraction and consistent symbol
of congestive heart failure with the occurrence of shortness of breath which may impact the Das
health. The report usually carries some of the information which is related with the pathogenesis
and pathophysiology. In addition, the nursing intervention are used to follow with the brief
description in order to reduce the complication which provide support and care to the patient
which is mentioned in the case study (Gabriel-Costa, 2018).
QUESTIONS 1
There are number of disease and illness are usually related with the Das that show the
outcome which is related with the poor health. As per evaluation of the medical history that is
related with the Das is usually focus on the cardiovascular complication that is hypertension,
myocardial infraction and congestive heart failure that may restrict the impact of good health
environment among the Das. The promotor of complication within the Das is heart issue which is
also defined as the ischemic death of the tissue which may be related with the myocardial. In
this, myocardial infraction shows the aspect which is related with the thrombotic occlusion or the
coronary vessel that may cause the issue of damage which is related with the plaque that may
provide the presence of irregular heart beat condition for the Das (Njoroge, and Teerlink, 2021).
In addition, they also used to affect the profound which is related with the metabolic and ionic
perturbation in the affected myocardium that may cause as catalyst for the downfall which is
related with the function of systolic. The longer issue of infraction in the region of myocardial
show the death of cardiomycte that impact Das for the expansion of sub endocardium to the sub
epicardium. In addition, the other pathophysiology which may show their presence is focus on
the shortness of breath that is complex and show the involvement with the way that help to
enhance the breathing in the term of respiration. The lung parenchyma or the chest wall is
providing outcome which is excessive stimulation of the breathing that is analyse with the
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peripheral region of chemoreceptor with the association of central part also (Zhou, and Tian,
2018).
QUESTION 2
There is need to reduce the unnecessary complexities for Mr. Das where it is essential to use
the nursing intervention that can allow to provide better positive impact. These interventions may
include oxygen therapy which is an appropriate nursing intervention and can help fulfil for Mr.
Das.
Oxygen therapy can be used as the main priority nursing intervention which includes the
issues of Dyspnoea which related with health issue of shortness of breath where it is essential to
provide better and effective response towards the oxygen requirement. Here, oxygen therapy
may help to delate lungs and able to fulfil the requirement of oxygen through providing
ventilation oxygen. Here, oxygen therapy to Mr. Das can be more effective which is one of the
main cause for deteriorating health of Mr. Das. Here, it need to take care of demand of oxygen
and improve the oxygen level from 90% to 97%. Here, oxygen ventilation can be more effective
way for the initial level which can be helpful to improve Mr. Das health at the worsening
condition time (Memar and et. al., 2018). Here, body positioning can also be effective activity
which can allow nursing staf member to help patient in getting better oxygen input. This can help
in facing the issue of congestive heart failure and are usually associates with the fluid overload.
Here, different body position can be recommended by the nursing staff which need to maintain
the oxygen level within Mr. Das. Here, sitting position can also be effective where patient may
get 90 degree of body positioning and can help in reducing the risk of shortness of breath and
improve it more effectively. this can also help to reduce the body fluid flow along with providing
comfort (Franklin and et. al., 2018). To improve the oxygen level within Mr. Das, there is need
to apply the fluid restriction which is highly effective for Mr. Das current health situation. Here,
overload of fluid can be observed after getting medical assessment which include the implication
of congestive heart failure.
QUESTION 3
Furosemide mechanism of action is effective in the edema along with other clinical
condition. Furosemide is diuretics which have the potential to inhibit the luminal Na-K-Cl
cotransporter in the ascending loop of Henle and binding with chloride transport channel can
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lead to cause more chloride, potassium and sodium. Here, Mr. Das is facing pleuritic chest pain
that lead to edema within blood vessels. It is essential to take care about the effective dose and
urine output and electrolyte which include magnesium and potassium should be monitored. It can
help to rest in cardiac and urine output and help to get relax (Merritt and et. al., 2020)
Glyceryl tirnitrate refers to vasodilating agent that can have effect to take action and
provide relaxation in the vascular smooth muscles. This can include the dilation of coronary
vessels that can help to improve the oxygen supply within myocardium and enable to dilate
peripheral veins. High dose can have impact on the peripheral arteries and reduces the preload
and afterload through lowering the consumption of myocardial oxygen. Here, nursing
consideration includes the transdermal preparations that develop tolerance and reduces
therapeutic effect. It can dilate the vessels and reduce chest pain (Adin and et. al., 2018).
CONCLUSION
As per the above, discussion, it is well analysed that the Das usually face the issue which is
related with the acute life threatening issue which may impact negative to the health of Das. In
addition, the proper identification of the pathophysiology may provide the outcome which help
to understand the intrinsic mechanism of Das health. Therefore, the proper and accurate nursing
intervention are used with the concept of priority that provide support and care.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adin, D., Atkins, C. and Papich, M.G., 2018. Pharmacodynamic assessment of diuretic efficacy
and braking in a furosemide continuous infusion model. Journal of Veterinary
Cardiology, 20(2), pp.92-101.
Borlaug, B.A. and Reddy, Y.N., 2019. The role of the pericardium in heart failure: implications
for pathophysiology and treatment. JACC: Heart Failure, 7(7), pp.574-585.
Brennecke, A., Villar, L., Wang, Z., Doyle, L.M., Meek, A., Reed, M., Barden, C. and Weaver,
D.F., 2020. Is Inhaled Furosemide a Potential Therapeutic for COVID-19?. The
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 360(3), pp.216-221.
Challoumas, D., Kirwan, P.D., Borysov, D., Clifford, C., McLean, M. and Millar, N.L., 2019.
Topical glyceryl trinitrate for the treatment of tendinopathies: a systematic
review. British journal of sports medicine, 53(4), pp.251-262.
Franklin, D., Babl, F.E., Schlapbach, L.J., Oakley, E., Craig, S., Neutze, J., Furyk, J., Fraser, J.F.,
Jones, M., Whitty, J.A. and Dalziel, S.R., 2018. A randomized trial of high-flow oxygen
therapy in infants with bronchiolitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(12),
pp.1121-1131.
Gabriel-Costa, D., 2018. The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction-induced heart
failure. Pathophysiology, 25(4), pp.277-284.
Memar, M.Y., Ghotaslou, R., Samiei, M. and Adibkia, K., 2018. Antimicrobial use of reactive
oxygen therapy: current insights. Infection and drug resistance, 11, p.567.
Merritt, K., Catalan, A., Cowley, S., Demjaha, A., Taylor, M., McGuire, P., Cooper, R. and
Morrison, P., 2020. Glyceryl trinitrate in first-episode psychosis unmedicated with
antipsychotics: A randomised controlled pilot study. Journal of
Psychopharmacology, 34(8), pp.839-847.
Njoroge, J.N. and Teerlink, J.R., 2021. Pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to acute
decompensated heart failure. Circulation Research, 128(10), pp.1468-1486.
Zhou, B. and Tian, R., 2018. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pathophysiology of heart failure. The
Journal of clinical investigation, 128(9), pp.3716-3726.
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