ADOLESCENCE. ADOLESCENCE. 3. 3. : ADOLESCENCE. ADOLESCE

Running head: ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE
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Introduction
The aim of this essay is to discuss the Physical, cognitive, personality and social
development problems of the adolescent aged people in Australia. This will capture the
changes these people face during this time. This essay will also explore the internal and
external risks for the optimal progress of these adolescents and find out paths to overcome
those. The essay will discuss some of the most common mental illnesses found in the
adolescents in Australia and these are affecting these people along with their development.
This essay will be concluded with the paraphrased version of Principle 3.3 Effective
communication from the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s Code of Conduct by
highlighting how this principle will be used to enhance the therapeutic relationship with an
adolescent patient.
Physical, cognitive, personality and social development problems of adolescent period
The adolescence period is the period of changes in which the boys and girls undergo
some very important changes both physical as well as mental shifts that are often susceptible
of some type of illness. It is the transition from the childhood to the adulthood.at this time,
they record growth of brains, changes in the sexual organs and healthy physical growth
(McLeod, Horwood & Fergusson, 2016). The puberty starts when the change in the brain
cause for secreting sex hormones in the ovaries of girls and tests of boys. These drastic
physical changes when the boys and girls first explore the man and woman within them, it
often can affect their mental status (Tapert, 2015). This ongoing physical maturation process
directly affect the brain and body which alter the needs of these children, moods and interests
(Shute, 2018). At this point of time, they start to look as well as act differently. Therefore, a
large number of social influences accelerate the emotional changes the experience of the
children.

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During this time, the children face lack of sleep which cause their mood swings. For
different hormonal changes and fluctuation, several other emotional changes are seen during
this time (Ho et al., 2015). The brains of adolescent people are maturing therefore, there are
much of emotional ad cognitive immaturity frustrate them easily (Sheppard, Giletta &
Prinstein, 2019). However, during this, three main cognitive development occur which
include the advancement in the reasoning skills, ability to explore the full range of
possibilities in the situation and using of logical thought process. During this time, the
children start to develop abstract thinking process (Stikkelbroek et al., 2016). They move
being concrete thinkers to abstract thinkers who can imagine thinkers not even seen of
experienced.
Exploration of some of the risks
As mentioned before, the children of adolescence undergo several metal changes
which made them frustrated in short time. Thus they become aggressive in their expressions
and actions. These lead to origin of some severe risks like academic problems, peer substance
use, undiagnosed psychological health problems, drug availability, and peer rejection,
poverty and child abuse (Fried & Fisher, 2018). These increase risks of youth substance
abuse, the risk factors of the prolonged duration can affect them to grow multiple physical
and mental disorders.
However, not all of these young people develop the substance use problems in spite of
having experienced these type of risk factors. These people are exposed to the protective
factors which can keep them from taking substances (Roberts et al., 2017) . There are
multiple protective factors that may lessen the ill impact of these risk factors. These include
strong parental control, their involvement with their children, strong protection and
psychological support can influence these risks to have very less effect (Harder et al., 2015).