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Adoption of ICT for Performance Enhancement of the Higher Education System through Virtual Learning: A Literature Review

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Added on 2024/06/28

AI Summary

This literature review explores the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in enhancing the performance of the higher education system through virtual learning. It examines various techniques, models, and frameworks employed in different studies, analyzing their strengths, limitations, and potential applications. The review covers a range of topics, including the use of social networks, machine learning algorithms, semiotics, and 3D collaborative virtual learning environments. It also investigates the role of cloud computing and self-determination theory in promoting the acceptance of cloud-based virtual learning environments. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in this field and identify potential areas for future research.

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Literature Review (Secondary Research)
Student Name & CSU
ID
Project Topic Title Adoption of ICT for performance enhancement of the higher education system through Virtual learning
1

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Version 1.0 _ Week 1 (5 Journal Papers from CSU Library)
1
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
García-Álvarez, M. T., Novo-Corti, I., & Varela-Candamio, L. (2018). The effects of social networks
on the assessment of virtual learning environments: A study of social sciences degrees. Telematics and
Informatics, 35(4), 1005-1017.
The citation that will be in the
content
Garcia-Alvarez et. al.,2018
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/
article/pii/S0736585317302885
Level of Journal- Q1 The virtual learning environment, Social networks,
Higher education, Social sciences, Spain
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
2

Technique/Algorithm name:
Web 3.0 (semantic web)
Tools:
Social network service
Applied Area:
Virtual learning environment
Problems:
 The underdeveloped knowledge
system of ICT
 Implementation of Bologna
declaration is not properly used
 Need for creation of more flexible
learning model
 Network security is low
Goal: ICTs are the key element for
knowledge thus to promote ICT, Virtual
learning environment arise as the key tool
for the learning prospectus. One
application which had led to the growth in
the fields of the web the SNS. SNS is a
technological tool which allows one social
publication, share and transfer digital
content and broader the engorgement in
online collaboration and social interaction
via chat and blogs.
 Web 3.0
 Social network service
 Virtual learning
 synchronous and asynchronous tools
 chat
 blogs
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
3

Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Data analysing (the identification and
make the label of the variables related to
data phenomenon was made.)
It evaluates the total feature of college
students VLEs assessment.
Not having the right analysis skills
2 Data categorisation
(psychological-social variables that involve
the research challenge).
The easy approach for appropriate data This approach is using a psychological
and social variable which cannot
measure the latent variable
3 Making relationship between categories
(the quantitative research is made with
structural equation modelling (SEM)
Get appropriate data regarding the variable
4 synchronous tools
(allow communication with agents which
not require delivery and receipt )
Facilities discussion forum N/A
5 asynchronous tools
(allow virtually communication at the same
time)
Providing messaging tools N/A
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Social network services Web 3.0
Virtual learning environment ICT
4

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Chat and messaging asynchronous tools
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this
work, and Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of
the research current solution, and
Why (Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
 asynchronous tools
& synchronous tools are
the input for the
framework of this
journal
 Corrective feedback is
the major output of the
implicated model with
the presented input.
In this modern era with the
implantation of the telecommunications
and the digitization of information
which lead ITC the key challenge in this
modern era. To formulate the virtual
learning environment Web3.0
(Semantic Web being used with the
tools of Social Network services. An
SNS platform provides a user with the
facility both online course creation
using the social constructionist
pedagogy and further to administer
learning results.
Virtual learning environment and
social network service shall be
susceptible to adequate use of the
information of its customers, since
information collection can impact on
the user’s privacy. The information
targeted to transfer is under security
threat.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution
is valuable for your project
García-Álvarez et. al. (2018) investigated the impact of the
virtual learning practices in the ICT to improve the higher
education learning. They offer a solution to the problem that
is various tools of web3.0 (semantic web) through the use of
social network service. This investigation might be valuable
for identifying the necessary policies regarding the ICTS in
higher education intuitions that allows students to be more
The end user of this sample is the
university students who will be
beneficial by the social service network
by the means of sharing, allocating and
transferring the knowledge and creating
a virtual learning environment.
As the social service network service
is provided through the internet
security and the privacy are a major
concern.
5

integrated into the learning process. An SNS platform
provides the user with the facility both online course creation
using the social constructionist pedagogy and further to
administer learning results. Through e-learning platform,
matters are created in the segments that can conclude
different asynchronous and synchronous tools, e.g.
assessments tests discussion forums, learning materials, etc.
Diagram/Flowchart
6

Figure- Results of the structural equation model.
7

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2
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
Chui, K. T., Fung, D. C. L., Lytras, M. D., & Lam, T. M. (2018). Predicting At-risk University
Students in a Virtual Learning Environment via a Machine Learning Algorithm. Computers in Human
Behavior.
The citation that will be in the
content
(Chui et al., 2018)
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/
pii/S0747563218303091
Level of the journal- Q1 Academic performance, At-risk students, Event
prediction, Higher education, Machine learning
Virtual learning environments
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Reduced training vector-based support
vector machine (RTV-SVM) & Support
vector machine (SVM)
Tools:
Machine learning, Data processing,
visualization, educational data mining,
technology
Problem:
 achievement in data mining
approaches is not attained due to
underdeveloped use of artificial
intelligence
 large training vectors are required
 big data framework is not well
defined
 Machine learning
 logistic regression
 support vector machine (SVM)
 Educational data mining
8

Applied Area:
predicting at-risk and marginal students
Goal:
Reducing the training vectors, time, and
conserving the support vector with a
motive to avoid a decline in categorising
the accuracy. To evaluate and determine
the prediction of risk of marginal students.
To determine the role of RTV-SVM
methodology in predicting accurate
prediction.
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 RTV-SVM inputs
(Determining N set of training vector)
Helps to define the basic input of the RTV-
SVM
Lack of transparency
2 Construction of SVM
(After eliminating both vectors denote
remaining vector as Xremaining.)
Getting the appropriate vector from
eliminating the various factors
Lack of accuracy of the evaluated
remaining vectors
3 OULA database
(predication on the basis of demography
basis)
Getting the prediction of the at risk and
marginal students on the demography basis
N/A
9

4 Performance evaluation
(two class were used for the prediction in
binary classification)
Generally, it gains a high rate of accuracy
and doesn't require more time for training
and testing.
Still, there is room for classifying the
accuracy of training vectors.
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Support vector machine Logistic regression
Data mining, data processing Learning analytics
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
 A set of N
vector
 sequential
minimal
optimisation
 Redundant
training
vector
 discriminant
function
As per the advancement of the artificial
intelligence and the education data mining it is
difficult for ensuring the students who had
passed the course. To overcome this issue
machine learning algorithm technique of the
Support Vector Machine of the redundant
training based. RTV-SVM is the technique
which can help to predict at risk and marginal
student. This technique also provides the
Still, there is a gap or room for the
improvement of the accuracy. Another
shortcoming of this project is the speed and
sizes both in the case of training and testing
and high algorithm complexity.
10

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accurate training vector and helps
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Chui et al. (2018) in this investigation had
evaluated the concern that it is difficult to
ensure about the students who will pass the
course, this may be due to latent education
data mining and development of artificial
intelligence. To predict the number of
students who can pass the course they had
developed the solution through machine
learning algorithm that is reduced training
vector-based support vector machine (RTV-
SVM) which is proficient to predict the at
risk of being marginal.
The end users of this research are at risk and
the marginal student of the university students.
The machine learning algorithm Support
training vector can help in predicting these
students.
The machine learning algorithm reduced
training vector-based support vector machine
(RTV-SVM) is a cable for the forecast of at-
risk of being a marginal student. The RTV-
SVM also helps to remove the reduced
training vector- for reducing the training and
testing time.
Diagram/Flowchart
11

Figure- Entity-relationship model for the student, virtual learning environment, course and assessment in an open university.
12

3
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
Derboven, J., Geerts, D., & De Grooff, D. (2017). Appropriating virtual learning environments: A
study of teacher tactics. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, 40, 20-35.
The citation that will be in the
content
Derboven et al., 2017
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/
pii/S1045926X16300209
Level of the journal- Q1 Appropriation, Virtual learning environment, Semiotics,
Multimodality
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
ethnographic human-computer
interaction(HCI) methods
Tools:
Semiotics
Applied Area:
Teacher's appropriation of the virtual
learning environment
Problem:
 It is hard to encourage the authentic
learning using the virtual learning
environment
 VLEs unable to define the effective
learning process
 Technology designs is in need to be
improved
Goal:
. The coordination of semiotics and
 Semiotics
 Multimodality
 Tactics
 Virtual learning environment
13

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ethnographic techniques helps for the
framework of the VLE through a
technology based on signs. This technique
is invested to gives a stimulus for teachers
and students to provide alternate access to
learning in the 21stcentury.
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Listing design features
(Determining both functional and non-
functional regarding)
Help to allows students to a look for the
patterns across the forum of
communication.
N/A
2 Analysing the design orientation
(investigation through ethnographic method)
the intersection focused Lack of coordination
3 Delivering the model user or the design
strategy
(Hermeneutic approach is being used for the
appropriate analysis whether, modes and
meta-functions against the analysis of the
platform as a whole, and vice versa).
Help to investigate whether the meta-
functions are a whole or vice versa to give
the appropriate coherent for the same
communication
Complex in nature and only validate by
the experience and discussion
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
14

Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Semiotics HCL methods
Semantic of virtual reality Functional model
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work,
and Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
 Meta-function
 collaborative
bricolage
 Human signs
 Organisational
and orientation
 social tactics
 cohernet
communication
In the virtual learning environment,
teachers do not make full use of it; they
adopt only a few tools. To solve this
requires semiotics technology have been
investigated
The VLE is dynamic. The platform is
frequently changed with changed patterns. As
these platforms are uncertain and updates
make it complex to regulate the formation of
seizures. Thus, it did not make appropriate
information about the schedule in which
appropriation wants.
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Derboven et al. (2017) had investigated the
semiotic technology for the teacher's
appropriation in the virtual learning
environment. The semiotic technique may be
appropriate for the teacher as per their needs
The end user of this sample is the teacher
who is not making the full use of the virtual
learning environment; they only make use
of the few tools of the VLEs.
The current solution of semiotics may not
effectively help to build a teacher'
appropriations in the virtual learning
environment as it’s not a strategic platform.
This podium is being changed.
Diagram/Flowchart
15

Figure Meaning potential.
16

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figure- Analytic steps and phases
17

4
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
Wang, X., Laffey, J., Xing, W., Ma, Y., & Stichter, J. (2016). Exploring the embodied social presence of
youth with Autism in the 3D collaborative virtual learning environment: A case study. Computers in
Human Behavior, 55, 310-321.
The citation that will be in the
content
Wang et al., 2016
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/
article/pii/S0747563215301370#sec3
Level of Journal- Q1 The 3D collaborative virtual learning environment,
Autism, Design, Collaboration learning, Social presence
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
3D Collaborative Virtual Learning
Environment (CVLE)
Tools:
I-social and Embodied Social
Presence(ESP)
Applied Area:
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Problem:
 Social presence of Autism with
lenient educational environment
paying no specific attention on their
needs.
Goal:
The 3D CVLE will have learner for feed
more present and immerse in compare to the
tradition and common applications of the
virtual learning environment
 Virtual learning environment
 3D
 Embodied Social Presence
 Autism
18

The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Participation
(these are the students of the junior high of
the middle schools)
These 3 students are taught in by the same
teacher in the 3D cleve through 3D CVLE.
Online participation can be affected due
to the internet service provider.
2 Data collections
(An online video guide of data is recorded
as in software Screeflow)
Online guide allows students to watch all
lecture video on the ScreenFlow)
Because of the technical issue happens
at the time of NP activities which keep a
student away from participation
3 Data analysis
(ESP theory are used as the framework to
guide and observe student behaviour in i-
Social 3D CVLE
This helps to analyse the student behaviour
in the 3D CVLE learning
There may be a negative impact in
which the student think that this Avatar
us
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
social interaction Avatar
Embodied social presence i-Social
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
19

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Input (Data) Output (View)
Embodied Social
Presence
Avatar (Virtual
bodies in the virtual
learning
environment)
The investigation highlights the youths’ autism
in the co-presence, embodied presence, and
social presence which helps in building the
current knowledge in the students suffering from
ASD within virtual world.
There was no superior evidence that the 3D
learning models are more useful compared to
the traditional teaching method
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Wang et al. (2016) has investigated the
impact of three dimensions in building the
virtual learning
The end user of this sample is the youth of the
Autism Spectrum Disorders. This research also
concludes the students learning in this virtual
world by the three phase of the ESP.
The 3D model of learning is not strongly
proven as effective in comparison to the
traditional teaching method but still, this 3D
method may
Diagram/Flowchart
Figure- Embodied Social Presence development process and framework
20

5
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
Hew, T. S., & Kadir, S. L. S. A. (2016). Predicting the acceptance of cloud-based virtual learning
environment: The roles of Self Determination and Channel Expansion Theory. Telematics and
Informatics, 33(4), 990-1013.
The citation that will be in the
content
Hew et al., 2016
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://www-sciencedirect-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/science/article/
pii/S0736585315300836
Level of journal - Q1 Cloud-based VLE, Self Determination Theory, Channel
Expansion Theory,
VLE content design, VLE interactivity
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Cloud computing Technology
Tools:
conventional grid computing
technology
Applied Area:
The cloud-based virtual learning
Problem:
 Design, interactivity and the
attitude of the knowledge is in need
to be improvised
 No formal report of the content
validity index is available
 common method bias is used
Goal:
Providing world-class education system in
 cloud-based VLE
 SDT–CET model
 PLS-SEM
 extrinsic motivation
 web-based communications platform
22

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environment Malaysia through sophisticated 4G
connectivity to the Frog virtual learning
environment (VLE) which allows a
student to access the course without any
time limitations
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1 Item selection
(Selection of the existing constraint
definition)
Helps to determine the measurement N/A
2 Item-scale validation
(dropped the items which are not matching
to this criteria)
Revision or the analysis are made by the
experts for the review and face content
validation.
Lengthy process and the chances of the
correct item dropping.
3 Item translation
(translation of the items in the Malay)
Helps to get the items in the Malaysia
language
Enables the items to the Malaysia
regions.
4 Sort procedure
(sorting by the reactionaries according to the
constraint definition)
Hit ratio the higher is better Cohen's kappa will be at least 0.65
5 Pilot test The process of the peer review is accepted
by the many researchers
Avoiding the creativity and the
innovation ideas
6 Fieldwork
(primary and high schools are chosen of
Simple random and sampling procedure Long time period, it had the gestation
period of about 4 months
23

Malaysia for frog cloud computing)
7 Instrument validation (analysing or
investigating the items)
Items which do not meet or match with the
criteria will be dropped out
N/A
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Virtual learning environment Cloud based attributes
Individual’s media perception experience
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
Media based criteria
is used as an input
for the model
introduced in this
journal
Immediate feedback
is provided as an
output
In this investigation, Hew et al. had analyzed
the motivational theory of the self
Determination theory, and Channel Expression
theory and content design these all in the cloud-
based computing can help in the contrast of the
sharing, trust insight and school support for the
enrichment of the Virtual learning
environment.
The investigation is only up to the boundary
of the Malaysia region, thus the research is not
effective in the other geographical areas,
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Hew et al. (2016) they had evaluated the role
of advanced cloud computing technology
The end user of this sample is the teacher in the
virtual learning environment of the cloud
This research is made with the motivational
theory of the SDT and CET for the cloud-
24

which can enhance the virtual learning
environment through creating a cloud-based
virtual learning environment. To support the
justification they integrated the theory of the
SDT and CET for the cloud-based virtual
learning environment motivations,
attributes. based virtual learning environment in the
Malaysia regions only. This method is not
supported across the other geographical
regions
Diagram/Flowchart
25

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Steps in development and validation of the VLE instrument
26

Figure- a Research model
27

Version 2.0 _ Week 2 (10 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated previous 5 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0)
6
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://ac-els-cdn-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/S03601315183
0174X/1-s2.0-S036013151830174X-
main.pdf?_tid=1bffa2e9-c8fd-46e1-
80e0-
00f25b47be81&acdnat=1532509681_f6
a282d5517da51e2db494109fd755aa
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Problem:
Goal:
28

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Applied Area:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
29

Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
30

7
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://ac-els-cdn-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/S18777503173
02727/1-s2.0-S1877750317302727-
main.pdf?_tid=7d9a3017-9343-4a76-
869e-
dc8876f44827&acdnat=1532509718_2
06de7cce4647510d849968312c079b1
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
31

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The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
32

(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
33

8
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://ac-els-cdn-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/S03601315173
00520/1-s2.0-S0360131517300520-
main.pdf?_tid=5bb44f6a-fed4-4fab-
a302-
34b09315282a&acdnat=1532509776_5
335350b621c9bf39ee64eeef156afad
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
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9
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://ac-els-cdn-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/S01698141163
03043/1-s2.0-S0169814116303043-
main.pdf?_tid=e554a2b8-8a17-4cc3-
bdbe-
2acd0b9ebf20&acdnat=1532509894_4
b6041d2e32bc2e6da1b53ed0ec608df
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
37

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Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
39

10
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
https://ac-els-cdn-
com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/S18771297173
04513/1-s2.0-S1877129717304513-
main.pdf?_tid=b695513f-e3fc-4c35-
a80f-
6efbb1807765&acdnat=1532509939_f1
b490189cec576c0a8550a8b2868bde
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
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Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
41

(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
Version 3.0 _ Week 3 (15 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated previous 10 papers that you worked on them in Version 1.0&2.0)
11
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
42

The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
43

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Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
44

12
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
45

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Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
13
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
47

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14
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
50

(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
15
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
What are the components of it?
52

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Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
solved
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
53

Version 4.0 _ Week 4 (20 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated previous 15 papers that you worked on them)
16
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
55

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(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
17
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
57

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18
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
60

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(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
19
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
What are the components of it?
62

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20
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
65

1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
66

(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
Version 5.0 _ Week 5 (25 Papers = 5 NEW Journal Papers + Updated previous 20 papers that you worked on)
21
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
What are the components of it?
67

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22
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
70

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23
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
What are the components of it?
72

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24
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
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(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
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Diagram/Flowchart
25
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
77

Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
78

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26
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
80

(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
27
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
82

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... etc )
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
83

Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
85

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2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
86

valuable for your project
Diagram/Flowchart
29
Reference in APA format that will be
in 'Reference List'
The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name: Problem:
87

Tools:
Applied Area:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
88

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The citation that will be in the
content
URL of the Reference Level of Journal (Q1, Q2, …Qn) Keywords in this Reference
The Name of the Current Solution
(Technique/ Method/ Scheme/
Algorithm/ Model/ Tool/ Framework/
... etc )
The Goal (Objective) of this Solution &
What is the Problem that needs to be
solved
What are the components of it?
Technique/Algorithm name:
Tools:
Applied Area:
Problem:
Goal:
The Process (Mechanism) of this Work; The process steps of the Technique/system
Process Steps Advantage (Purpose of this step) Disadvantage (Limitation/Challenge)
1
2
90

3
4
5
Validation Criteria (Measurement Criteria)
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Input and Output Critical Thinking: Feature of this work, and
Why (Justify)
Critical Thinking: Limitations of the
research current solution, and Why
(Justify)
Input (Data) Output (View)
(Describe the research/current solution) Evaluation Criteria How this research/current solution is
valuable for your project
91

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