Advance Management Accounting - Assignment (Doc)

Advance Management
Accounting

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1: Objective of financial information in respect to their shareholders.................................1
P2: Different accounting microeconomic tools and techniques.............................................3
M1: Benefits of using financial information which would be developed to support financial
planning..................................................................................................................................5
D1: Evaluation of financial information that supported by effective judgement...................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3: Concept of variance analysis and importance for an organisation...................................5
M2: Significance of large range of accounting techniques....................................................8
D2: Application of accounting tools and techniques..............................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4: Analysis of actual and standard cost to manage variance................................................8
M3: Analyse of measuring merits and demerit of types of variances..................................10
D3: Implication of various changes and suggestion for upcoming communication............11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P5: Some external and internal factors those are related with changing environment.........11
M4: Analysing all impacts by using various types of changes............................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Advance accounting is one of the primary tools and techniques which are needed to be
implemented by an organisation to control their financial operations in effective manner. It seems
to be utmost terms of formulating the flexibility structure of various companies. It is used to
track its day to day proceedings and doubled activities for carrying out operation management
accounting tools of an organisation. It seems to be essential aspects for formulating the
appropriate account reports that define planning in terms of short term and future decision
making of an organisation (Merchant, 2012). It seems to be effective aspects that define measure,
communicate and make relevant data that would remain crucial in respect of making effective
decision in coming period of time. This particular project is providing vital information about
importance of financial data in accordance to financial information for stakeholder. Apart from
this, evaluation of financial information is being done in order to support effective planning and
decision making in coming period of time. Microeconomic aspects are being used to in this
particular project to defined certain concepts such as costing and factors related with financial
information clearly examine under this particular report.
TASK 1
P1: Objective of financial information in respect to their shareholders
In every business organisation, information that remain connected with financial capital
and component that are associated with effective planning of company future. There are various
important aspects as well as measurement tools which will be taken into consideration in an
organisation in respect to overcome and reduce the financial issues and strategies those are not
able to delivery well organise services. It is needed for every organisation in respect to present
financial information and their associated detail in such a manner so that stakeholder of an
organisation would be able to show and define planning in more effective or systematic manner.
The stakeholder is an organisation can be associated in financial aspects of every business
performance and administration (Laine, Paranko and Suomala, 2012). In accordance with this,
they are more interested in how a company perform with all kind of implications that are
affecting their overall performances. The way in which financial data is being used and complied
into financial statements is more difficult task for a user. Mainly internal stakeholder with having
interest in financial information consists of manager, employees and other board of member.
However, financial information which is being presented must be relevant in terms of defining
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the profitability, position and capital structure of an organisation. Financial information would
remain important for various types of stakeholder in other sectors that are mentioned underneath:
Investors: They are known as one of the primary part of an organisation on which future
of the company depends. There are various types of investors are available in business in respect
of making valuable contribution in their financial resources. Investors used to put their capital in
that entire business plan whose position is much stronger as compare to other. Various types of
information are related to financial growth and analysis is taken into account by investors,
shareholders and financial organization (Talha, Raja and Seetharaman, 2010). Some of the
crucial component that remains associated with analysing profitability and financial regulatory
are required to be taken into consideration. Evaluation of financial statements, data analysis,
income statement and cash flow interpretation are categorised into this context.
It has been found that different shareholders are accordance with this is being defined the
financial data which would remain available in several perspectives. There are various groups of
investors that would remain associated with getting sufficient amount of gain for an organisation
in coming period of time. Every analysis in terms of formulating the stages is determined as
important aspect to gain maximum profitability for an organisation.
Purpose and presentation: The primary objective of using the financial statements
by the investors is to analyse the equity which is especially important to investors that
shows changes in various elements. They used to analyse the changes and make investment
plan to earn maximum profits. All the future decision is based on the analysis done by the
investors after making use of various statements such as income statement, balance sheet
and cash flow.
Senior management: This happens to be associated with internal stakeholder types.
Every information associated with growth, sustainability as well as investment are necessary
financial matters those are used by senior managers of an organisation. It is the primary
responsibility of management to make regular analysis of various data from operation level to
make valuable path during execution of planning (Kinney, Raiborn and Poznanski, 2011). This
information would not only have accredited with manages to formulate financial strategies and
interpretation the best possible matters which are more reliable during the period of time. With
the use of effective financial planning that aid manger to make effective decision regarding
increase their customer based by diversifying their business from zero to maximum. By the help
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of this, financial evaluation of business leaders and managers would be able to make reliable and
harmonious relationship among stakeholder as well as company’s financiers. Although this
information will remain associated to make financial planning and deriving appropriate structure
in more accurate manner.
Purpose and presentation: For the managers, they used to determine the availability of
cash and other resources by the help of various statements. The purpose is to provide people with
data regarding the business so that corrective decisions can easily be taken into account at the
right time. Some of them are creditors and debtors.
Lender: It is one of the crucial matters that is presented in impressive and effective
financial data to lender is subject to reflect positive image of business in respect to various
lenders. This seems to more crucial part for getting financial assistance that would help from
lender and other financial institutions. It would provide effective analysis for repayment and
redemption ability of an organisation (Mat and Smith, 2014). In accordance with analysing the
financial information would have required to be repaid as per the current loan and advance taken
by an organization. Through examine certain benefits and minimum interest rate loan for an
organisation must be maintain positive and negative credit score in respect of measuring the
positive aspect to get future financial assistance that are helpful from lenders.
Purpose and presentation: It has been found that lenders are entirely relies on financial
information to obtain critical data regarding the financial position and risk of businesses. They
used to calculate ROE in order to determine the overall position of the company.
P2: Different accounting microeconomic tools and techniques
There are certain crucial principles of microeconomic aspects which assume that, if all
other factors remain equal as the price of products increase during the time. It has been seen that
the demand for that particular products or services gets decline drastically. It involves as all
factors of resources that are available and usage which will make impacts on an individual and
various business (Ahmad, 2013). As company’s owner, understanding of core microeconomic
factors are more affecting their business which will be helpful in planning and formulation of
specific strategies and other crucial aspects. There are various factors which are taken into
account in respect to management accounting techniques and their application is to assist the
organization overall growth and financial stability in coming period of time. In accordance to
that there are various accounting tools and techniques those are being used by managers in
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respect to examine strategies and tactics uses by organisations in respect to increase profitability
position of the company in near period of time. Some crucial accounting techniques are
mentioned under below:
Cost accounting techniques: This seems to be one of the significant tools which would
be use by management to determine all those costs which are used during the time of production
process. These specific techniques used to consider all types of costing methods that are useful
for an organization (Horngren and et. al., 2010). Cost analysis is one of the major task that are
associated with determining overall cost of types which are incurred in production of product and
services for an organisation. Generally, all those cost which are directly related with the
production process are take into account so that better outcomes can be attain in coming period
of time.
Unit cost techniques: This accounting tools is also considering as one of the primary
management accounting techniques which would be determine the cost invested to a specific
units of product produced by the company. It is mostly helpful for small or mid size businesses
which deals in minimum production. All the necessary aspect is taken into consideration which
would remain with manufacturing of units. It is more vital for all managers and account officers
to consider cost of every unit in order to make effective pricing and gain margin. It would be
helpful to analyse the profitability aspects of an organisation (Fowler, 2011).
ABC costing: This seems to be the most emerging cost accounting tools and techniques
which is used globally by the organisation in terms of evaluating the profitability aspects. There
are various types of process and allocation of resources those are divided as per the priority and
need of functions as well as operations. Most of the accounting tools are used to make effective
decision making in coming period of time. There are various types of activities those are more
effectively followed in accordance with executing the plans in more specific manner. There are
mainly five processes that define in this context like, cost of object, direct cost, overhead and
allocation of base and other costs (Paisey and Paisey, 2010). Overhead costs are considered as
assumption which will be used under these costing techniques.
Price optimisation techniques: It is known as one of the major accounting techniques
that contain the numerical analysis and techniques in respect to analyse various prices of
products which are being set by the company (Chandra, 2011). The main motive behind using
these techniques is to determine customer point of views about all those prices which are fixed
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by the company is affordable in coming period of time for various customers. The most valuable
aspects for these cost prices is to determine and analyse financial cost of operation management
in organisation matter. The management always tries to increase the productivity of the company
by using appropriate tools and techniques. Increasing the operating profit can only be done in
case operating cost get reduced by the company which is primary objective for every department.
These types of accounting techniques are mostly used in airlines, hotels, banking and other
important businesses.
According to the all above discussed techniques, it is concluded that these are not only
helpful in formulating accounting procedures but can also be reliable in future decision-making.
This will assist managers to forecast plan, analyse overall growth and create various
opportunities in coming period of time.
 Cost benefits analysis: It is done in order to determine if an investment or decision is
effective or to verifying whether their benefits balance the costs and by what value. Most
of the business analyst used to sums the advantage of a situation or action and then
deduct the cost related with taking that particular action.
 CVP analysis: It is basically an effective tool to analyse how changes in cost and volume
affects a company’s operating income as well as total revenue. In order to perform this
analysis, there are various assumption that are made such as sales price per units would
remain constant.
 Budgets: One of the major factors which a company used to take into account is the
company’s financial strength. On that particular basis, manager of owner of the company
used to make investment in different projects. Some valuable budgets are, cash budget,
production, master and operational budgets.
 Variances: It is known as overall analysis of the quantitative investigation of various
difference among actual and standard budgets. By the help of this, management used to
keep control on their operation performance and activities of an organisation.
M1: Benefits of using financial information which would be developed to support financial
planning
According to the evaluation of financial data in respect to develop financial planning for
an organisation to make appropriate decision-making in coming period of time. All this
information’s are analysing in order to make organisation more stable and predicate future gains
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for the company. Financial decision-making is determining under this circumstance which is
subject to valuable effective preparation and strategies.
D1: Evaluation of financial information that supported by effective judgement
It has been seen that effective management assist an administration to determine essential
aspects in which financial decision and other planning activities are done by an organization
during the period of time. By the help of effective management system that used to examine the
attitude and evaluate financial plans that can be effective impact within an organisation in
accordance of financial plan which is more valuable for dynamic of an organisation. In case ever
a company make any kind of decision, they need to make use of accounting systems in more
reliable manner.
TASK 2
P3: Concept of variance analysis and importance for an organisation
Variance analysis: It is known as one of the quantitative investigation of various among
actual and strategic behaviour. It is used to maintain reliable control during a business operation.
Like for example, if a company sale a total of $10000 unit and actual sales are $8000, variance
analysis used to yield a valuable difference of $2000.
 Negative variance: It has been found that a favourable positive variance or benefit. The
main reason behind this is that some actual expenses than budgeted is favourable for the
company.
 Positive variance: An unfavourable budget variance that is continuously generating
losses and shortfalls would have considered as negative variances.
Controlling and correcting variances:
It is important budget variance evaluation that is meant to generate information about
actual vs budgeted outcomes. It is primary tools in business for making outgoing expenses and
revenues. It is primary tools in business for future planning and monitoring spending.
Reporting system used in monitoring and controlling of variances: This seems to be
considered as one of the effective format and timing of project monitoring and reporting that
used to be varies in every current projects.
Variance report: It is considered as primary report which is prepared for the purpose of
analysing planned financial results and actual outcomes. The difference among budget and actual
is termed as variance.
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 Schedule variance: It refers as difference among cost of work that is performed and cost
of scheduled work. It is the indicators of whether a project is ahead or behind the
deadline.
 Cost variance: It happens to be the completed work that is compared to the planned by
the company. It is calculated as difference among the earned value and actual cost.
It is utmost and simple for of cost variance analysis which is used to determine standard
budget to that with actual one. Reporting on the reasons for analysing comparison is taken into
consideration. The portion of variance is based on variance that are arises in between actual and
expected price of product and services attained during the period of time. Cost accounting is one
of the crucial management activities for evaluating element that are considered in management
accounting techniques. It is more crucial aspect for an organisation to determine the financial
data in terms of deploying the future planning those are consider in this contrivance evaluation is
one of the major concept which will be examine the difference among actual outcomes and
estimated balances (Elhamma and Zhang, 2013).
It is one of the significant evaluations of future cost of operations and administration of
an organisation in terms of maximising the future profitability and reducing the cost of
production during the period of time. There are various types of budgets that are prepared in
respect to estimate overall price of products and overheads in companies prospective. The
primary aspects would remain associated to the cost variance are determine in terms of material,
overhead and other direct labour costs. These types of budget are used to formulate specific
terms of estimated cost of products and overheads aspects in organisational level. Most common
aspects are remaining associated with the analysis of variances analysis on the basis of standard
cost and actual estimation (Guthrie, Ricceri and Dumay, 2012). It consists of cost variance
analysis in respect of material, overhead viable cost and direct cost of productions.
Actual (50000 units) Standard (42500)
Sales 2250000 Sales 2337500
Direct material -552000 Direct material -425000
Direct Labour -1400000 Direct Labour -850000
Variable production overheads -245000 Variable production overheads -212500
Fixed production overheads -650000 Fixed production overheads -637500
Profit -597000 Profit 212500
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Particular Actual Standard
Selling prices 45 55
Direct material 2.3 2
Direct Labour 5.6 5
Fixed overhead 13 15
Variable overhead 4.5 5
(1): Material cost variance: (A.Q*A. P) – (S.Q * S.P)
= (42500*45) -(50000*55)
= 1912500-2750000=837500 (A)
(2): Material quantity variances: (AQ- SQ) SP
= (42500-50000)55
= 412500 (A)
(3): Material prices variances: (AP – SP) AQ
= (45-55)42500
= 425000(A)
(4): Labour cost variance: (AH*AR) -(SH*SR)
= (5.6* 1.4) – (5*4)
= 7.84-20= 12.16 (A)
(5): Labour efficiency variances: (Actual hours -SH) * Standard rate per hour
= 5.6-5*20
= 1.6*20
= 12 (F)
Role of variances in budgetary control:
While managers are forming budgets variances provide accurate information to them as it
can help to gather information of accurate materials, labour and overheads that may be required
to fulfil the requirement of a particular project. Variance analysis help organisations to plan
budgets and meet their financial objectives.
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M2: Significance of large range of accounting techniques
There are various crucial benefits which are always remain associated with the
management accounting techniques. Some of them are discussed underneath:
Benefits:
 According to the above analysis, management accounting techniques used to make
appropriate decision-making become for reliable and easy way for analysis.
 Complex business equation would be more easily sorted out by the assistance of
management information systems in effective manner.
Disadvantage:
 Formulation of management accounting techniques are increasing overall work load and
additional work impacts in terms of controlling overall records and data of the company.
 Company required to paid additional cost to implement the effective records of specific
information of an organisation (Williams and Seaman, 2010).
D2: Application of accounting tools and techniques
According to the above analysis, it has been determining that variances evaluation is
being use as management tools that become more reliable and efficient in coming period of time.
By the help of price optimisation techniques, a company would be able to analyse their
economical perception of the company regarding various products that are produced by an
organisation within an accounting period of time.
TASK 3
P4: Analysis of actual and standard cost to manage variance
There are various types of costs which are associated with the company. These are either
directly or indirectly related with the production process. The function of standard operation in
cost accounting is more concern about standard costs that are allowed and actual data would be
recorded in an account. Variance valuation can be considering more effective process of
calculating the amount which causes among actual and budgeted costs of production during an
accounting period of time. Cost accounting seems to be one of the most reliable accounting
process which will taken into account more recording, classifying and evaluating various course
of actions. There are certain aspects which are needed to be taken into account. Some of them are
discussed underneath:
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Standard costing: It is one of the necessary aspects that are taken into account in
evaluating management accounting matters. It would to assist all activities and periodic analysis
which causes specific analysis of accounting variances (Pavlatos and Kostakis, 2015). It is one of
the primary tools which is one responsible for evaluating standard cost and variations in
formulating necessary factors that are affecting various types of costs those are related with the
company. Accounting to this costing system that will be analyse to figuring overall actual cost
that used analysing material, labour and other overhead costs.
Such kind of cost is associated with all specific kind of variations that are relies on actual
and estimated cost of productions. Direct material analysis is only basic concept which will be
taken into account in accordance with determining overall financial position of the company.
Variances accounting analysis is effective accounting that can assist an organisation to
demonstrate major aspects in respect to build effective costing system within internal department
of an organisation. There are is effective reasoning of profit margin collected from actual
outcomes which are done in respect to companies’ perspective. According to the variance
analysis process associated with taking corrective period of time.
Actual costing: It is known as one of the effective recording costs that are based on
various aspects such as cost of material. There are certain crucial aspects that are needed to be
taken into account those are related with allocation of cost in specific manner. It does not
incorporate at standard amount of that are being charged during an accounting period. Similar
costing system is more normal costing, where the key differences are considering to budgeted
amount of overhead (Micheli and Manzoni, 2010). This costing technique is playing one of the
crucial roles in terms of evaluating certain variation among standard cost estimations. According
per above mentioned case studies, it has been giving sufficient amount of gain in terms of
50000units and actual outputs was delivering with 42500units. The main motive of budgeting
will remain connected with tracking the detailed of spending and controlling overall cost of
production.
Correct variances:
Certain differences that are arise during calculation of various outcomes in respect to
actual and budgets outcomes. It used to analyse such kind of variance evaluation, cost effective
analysis and proper allocation of financial resources in order to make strategic planning. This is
considering more reliable factors that assist an organisation to eliminate cost of operations and
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administration charges. These are considering all those factors those are remaining effective as
well as reliable management of various types of costing implications. According to the above
mentioned evaluation, it has been concluded that plenty of major three main impacts that are
define in departmental aspects. Such as material cost, direct labour and other overhead cost are
taken into consideration. Price material variance, and labour cost variances those are reliable in
coming period of time (Ezzamel and Xiao, 2011). This information assists an organization to
determine overall cost of operation and valuation of production cost in respect to determine
overall productivity of an organisation. All the information which are collected by managers
from various sources are taken into accounting for future decision. By implanting reliable ways
company can execute right path for the company to generate more specific results for the
betterment of an organisation.
Controlling variances:
Memo
Issue: The variances of the organisation are resulting adverse continuously and it can be
controlled with the help of below defined solution.
Solution: It is very important for an organisation to control its variances between actual and
budgeted figures. It can be controlled by the managers by creating regular and monthly reports,
they can conduct meeting to discuss about the cost of material and labour and their efficiency
to perform work. It helps to minimize variances.
M3: Analyse of measuring merits and demerit of types of variances
Variance use to be considering more specific aspects for an organisation. They use this to
make comparison of various actual and standard costs that are incurred during an accounting
period of time. Through using various analysing method, a company can be able to attain more
reliable outcomes. All the variances are having equal benefits and limitation. Some of them are
discussed underneath:
Advantage:
 All variances are determined effectively for using budgeting data and forecasting
procedure and reliable planning activities in relation of making effective plans within an
organisation. There are certain crucial objectives which are needed to be taken into
consideration such as direct material and labour at the time of production process.
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 Wide and huge deviation can simply have sorted out in accordance with making plans for
effective budgeting process to formulate strategies to get more reliable outcomes in
coming period. All of these are consider for attaining more sustainable growth for an
organisation.
Limitation:
This seems to more difficult to determine various limitation those are affecting the overall
growth for an organisation. It can reduce profitability position of the company. Some basic
drawbacks of using variances in internal department are mentioned below:
 It seems to be that cost which is being consumed tools that can enhance production cost
and reduce the production ability of an organisation.
 In case company is using budget within an organisation cannot be able to get more
accurate data and detail by which variances also stay uncertain in an organisational
context.
D3: Implication of various changes and suggestion for upcoming communication
It has been seen that companies are always planning to working more changing atmosphere
so that more reliable results can be generated during the time. Modification are considering more
crucial aspect for improving communication channel and make use to take into account all
essential factors within an organisation that are affecting growth and stability of an organisation.
It has been seen that managers used to make changes as per the flexibility and capability of
functions and operations those are effectively responsible for future growth for the company.
However, various alterations are needed to be acquired by managers to get desire outcomes
within financial period.
TASK 4
P5: Some external and internal factors those are related with changing environment
In accordance with various accounting systems of an organisation that can get impacts
because of factors those are responsible for analysing overall performance of an organisation.
These factors are considered with internal and external aspects those are responsible for effective
formulation strategies those are made by the company for the period of one-year time. This
seems to be primary reason to control and manage the accounting rules and regulation in relation
of financial performance of an organization. There are various factors that are defined
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underneath that are affecting the structure aspects for the company. Some of them are discussed
below:
Internal factors: There are various factors those are present in an organisation at internal
level. These are considering more reliable for making future decision making that are responsible
for internal control of an organisation. Some common internal aspects are:
Leadership: This is said to be utmost important aspects which are affecting system
which will be assist the managers in better decision making. These are considering more reliable
for strategic planning procedure for an organisation. Leadership used to play an eminent role in
respect to clarify overall mission and vision of an organization into their respective areas. Before
making implementation of management accounting system that is required to determine
leadership in respect of formulating organisation profitability (Badertscher, 2011).
Employee: They are known as more prime objective for an organisation in respect of
evaluating position aspects for an organisation that used to determine positive aspects in order to
make better management and planning in coming period of time.
External factors: There are various important factors that are defining underneath can assist the
administration by using accounting system. Such as:
Competitor: There are certain types of accounting system that are taken into
consideration in this respect overall managing financial operations in more reliable ways. This
kind of analysis if more needed to implement effective control systems for the company.
Customer: It has been determining that management accounting uses as internal part of an
organisation and remain reliable for customer prospective. It is needed to determine overall
behaviour of clients in terms of using appropriate management accounting system.
Analysing changes to business environment:
SWOT Analysis: It is said to be more effective insight control or management that
consists of internal and external business environment. Likewise, it does not provide major
priorities the outcomes that can lead to proper improvement by taking strategic action in
accordance with strategic management accounting.
 Strength: The company is having excellent operation that is related with wide number of
onshore hydrocarbon in various locations. It will assist in preparation of various financial
statements in effective and timely manner.
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 Weakness: The major limitation to this business is that company need to pay maximum
cost for the preparation of various statements.
 Threat: Chances of hacking and breaching of security standard get arises at large scale
that can impact on management accounting in effective manner.
 Opportunity: This help to use latest accounting standards and systems that will results in
generating maximum growth and stability in near future time.
PESTLE Analysis: This seems to be an effective technique that are related with proper
understanding of various outside impacts on strategic accounting system.
Political factors: These are majors are basically related with global trading tariffs and
regulations that are faced by the “Cairn energy plc” during the time of preparing accounting
statements for the company. Price control measures must be followed equally by the financial
departments in order to deal with business environment.
Economical factor: It arises because of current economic situation as well as currency
inflation that are demanded by the customers. Cairn energy plc overall strength of economic get
affects price as well as profitability position of the company.
Social factor: Because of cultural norms and consumer preference regarding any kind of
products they are used get varies. The Business impacts are majorly related with one situation
that whether products are accepted overseas. It is more critical factors that are make impacts on
entire financial stability of the company.
Technological factors: Due to emergence of innovative techniques cairn energy plc can
easily be able to record all the transaction in proper format. It used to provide safety and security
to them. The only issues business found is related with the intellectual property rights.
Legal factor: It is basically related with legislative problems or decision that are made by
the government in order to operate their business in proper manner. To commence business
effectively they need to follow all regulations in proper manner.
Environment: This main motive of this factors is to make aware to the cairn energy plc
regarding the sustainability waste management and all rules and regulation that are vital for their
business. Different kind of ISO standards is being made that is being used with any changes in
the environment.
Comparing the outcomes of analysis to inform decision and evaluate possible impacts
for management accounting:
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SWOT PESTLE
As per this internal analysis, it has been found
that company can easily be able to analyse
various accounting standards that are followed
within the department.
According to the external analysis, outside
impacts those are associated within an
organisation can be resolve early.
These are helpful for the owner or investors to
make future planning in terms of costs and
revenues.
Outside implication that are affecting the
department can be overcomes in more quick
manner.
Porter five forces: These are mainly frame for looking at strength of using five crucial
factors that are affecting the competition. Such as positive entrants, current competitors,
bargaining buyer will get increased. Supplier and alternative goods and services.
Impact of change in business environment on management accounting:
 Changes in government: The government need to appears to be nearly be at closing end,
but it has been various impacts that are associated with environment protection acts. The
decision is made on the basis to reduce various issues that are related with the
environment.
 Law: It is one of the vital aspects those are needed to be taken into account. They need to
follow certain kind of laws those are helpful in control the implication.
 Interest rates: In case consumer used to pay minimum interest, they used to give more
money to spend which would be created valuable growth in overall spending through the
nations.
 Exchange rates: In common term, a higher would be the exchange rate, it means that
that country is in better position. A lower rate is more effective in case country used to
sell its currency.
 Social values impact on the business: It happens to be the quantification of relative
significance that most of the people places on the changes they are experience in their
future lives.
Strategic management accounting: It is known as one of the planning business objectives
with using appropriate accounting data to provide future model that assist department in effective
decision making.
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Porters 3 generic strategies are mentioned underneath:
There are various strategic options those are available to an organisation for getting competitive
advantage for the department. Some of them are;
 Cost leadership
 Differentiation
 Focus
Pricing strategies used to beat competition: A competition based pricing planning consists of
setting price that are based on other company’s prices in-steed of our own cost and profit aims.
Some of them are mentioned underneath:
 Market penetration pricing:
 Price skimming.
Role of improved communication within the system:
Communication used to play an eminent role in altering individual attitude towards the
changing environment. It is used to maintain an effective communication system at every level
so that proper growth and sustainability can be attain in near future time.
 It increases business performance.
 Creating a successful work environment
Analysing change to a business environment:
Management accounting impact the overall management planning that is taken into
account for the purpose of getting more reliable outcomes in near future time. They must be
understanding and anticipate the reactions of an individuals to information and overall
measurement of the data. All the analysis of behavioural and organisational reactions would be
used to measure and design to deal with every issues those are affecting the changes in the
environment.
Impact of business environment and management accounting system:
 During the past period the use of information technology is done to support business
activity that has increase with the development of electronic business technology. Such as
e-business, internet etc.
 Customer are developing more discerning in purchasing product and services because
they are able to collect more information from the use of internet.
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 Cost saving from streamlining process and incurring extra earning from using online
facilities are needed to be taken into account.
Impact of changes related to management accounting system:
The ways companies used to adopt management accounting to deal with all the changes
that are reliable for getting more reliable outcomes in near future time.
Development changes: It is done to make improvement of current business process. As
long as company’s staffs that will be informed to make changes and give reliable training they
are needed to improve their work.
Transitional changes: These are used to make replace existing processes with new
process. It is more challenging to implement and can increase employees discomfort.
There are various ways to respond various changes:
 The losing strategy that focus on wining over the resisters that is misguided.
 Managing exception to the 20-20-60 rules that bring to tell something to the companies.
Use of effective communication skills can have used to bring more positive outcomes to
various companies in performing their role in effective manner. Employee must be confidence in
making any kind of decision within an organisation.
Brexit: It stands for British exit form European Union. UK has withdrawn it self from
EU. It was done in year 2016 in which most of the countries voted for this withdrawal. There are
various effects of Brexit on economy and other fields of various countries. Major changes that
has taken place are explained below:
 Vat rate changes: Brexit has resulted in vat rate changes in European Union. The vat rates
are increased which has affected the cross border purchase and sales of goods and
services as high vat rates needs to be paid on every transaction.
 Minimum wage changes: When Britain has withdrawn it self from European Union, there
is a huge change in minimum wage changes. It has increased in eighteen states after
Brexit. It is the minimum amount which needs to be paid by the companies to their
employees according to law. It has changed after Brexit as it was a large shock for all the
countries who are part of European Union.
M4: Analysing all impacts by using various types of changes
It has been determining that there are mainly two types of important aspects that are needed
to be taken into account. All positive and negative aspects are use to implemented so the more
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reliable opportunities can be created in coming time. It will help an organisation to reduce all
impacts by using reliable changes in the department.
CONCLUSION
This project module used to provide valuable conclusion about all essential aspects those are
related with advance management accounting system. In case company used to adopt latest
accounting systems the chances of mistakes can be reduce up to an extent. For this purpose,
various data analysis is being done in the above so that better results can be attain in coming
future period of time. Analysis of various cost concepts by using variance analysis is done so that
actual and standard variation can be determined for an organisation.
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