ADVANCED NURISNG PRACTICE ADVANCED NURISNG PRACTICE 3 3 ADVANCED NURISNG PRACTICE ADVANCED NURSING PRCATICE Author Note: Chest Pain in the Sac

The patient suffering from chest pain are immediately presented to the emergency department (ED), where the health care provider will perform a detailed physical and history examination of the patient that will assist the physician to guide the patient in terms of treatment and care (Winchester et al., 2015). The past medical history of diabetes or the past family history of diabetes is important for understanding the existing health condition of the patient and also to evaluate if the patient is suffering from type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The

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1ADVANCED NURISNG PRACTICE
Chest pain is defined as the blood or heart vessels issue that lead to symptoms like
heavy pressure, crushing pain, tightness and squeezing. An individual suffer from chest pain
due to inflammation in the sac, which is responsible for covering the heart and therefore
leading to pain in the core area of the chest. The patient suffering from chest pain are
immediately presented to the emergency department (ED), where the health care provider
will perform a detailed physical and history examination of the patient that will assist the
physician to guide the patient in terms of treatment and care (Winchester et al., 2015).
Electrocardiogram (ECG), Chest X-ray, Chest radiography and other associate methods are
used for evaluating the patient and their chest pain. Other method include Ultrasound or CT
scan and in some cases for the young adults, healthcare providers perform ED assessment.
Hence, the above mentioned methods are used for evaluating the chest pain for the 32 years
old female (Dewey et al., 2016).
Diabetes is considered as the chronic health condition, which occurs when the human
body fail to produce adequate amount of insulin or the when the human body fail to utilize
the insulin effectively. Insulin is considered as the hormone that is accountable for
monitoring the blood sugar content within the human body. There are two different forms of
diabetic condition namely type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Who.int,
2019). The past medical history of diabetes or the past family history of diabetes is important
for understanding the existing health condition of the patient and also to evaluate if the
patient is suffering from type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is considered as
the principal cause of kidney failure, blindness and long-term heath complication that can
affect the blood vessels of retina and lead to global blindness. The past medical history of
diabetes will help the healthcare provider to guide the patient on maintaining their lifestyle
and adapt best strategies that would guide the patient to maintain healthy life.

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Smoking Cessation is also termed as simply or quitting smoking, which is defined as
the method of discontinuing smoking tobacco. Tobacco smoke comprise of nicotine that is an
additive and lead to dependence. There are various intervention methods that is identified and
suggested to the individual that will motivate them to quit smoking. The five primary steps
included in the intervention for tobacco cessation are “5 A’s” namely Ask, Advise, Assess,
assist and Arrange (Nice.org.uk, 2019). Approximately 100 million people are affected and
due to tobacco smoking and hence, smoking cessation is considered as the best preventive
method to reduce the rate of tobacco smoking. Smoking cessation therapy is used as the
standard procedure for smoking cessation. According to evidence-based guidelines suggest
varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion SR as the effective replacements of
smoking cessation method that is associated with certain behavioural intervention. There are
various types of oral medication included in the nicotine replacement therapy that will help
the individuals to effectively abandon smoking and adapt a healthy lifestyle (Lancaster &
Stead 2017).

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References
Nice.org.uk. (2019). Smoking Cessation intervention and service. Retrieved 30 July 2019,
from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng92/documents/evidence-review
Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2017). Individual behavioural counselling for smoking
cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3).
Dewey, M., Rief, M., Martus, P., Kendziora, B., Feger, S., Dreger, H., ... & Hamm, B.
(2016). Evaluation of computed tomography in patients with atypical angina or chest
pain clinically referred for invasive coronary angiography: randomised controlled
trial. bmj, 355, i5441.
Winchester, D. E., Brandt, J., Schmidt, C., Allen, B., Payton, T., & Amsterdam, E. A. (2015).
Diagnostic yield of routine noninvasive cardiovascular testing in low-risk acute chest
pain patients. The American journal of cardiology, 116(2), 204-207.
Who.int. (2019). Diabetes. Retrieved 30 July 2019, from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes