Advanced pharmacology - cardiovascular disease

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
Advanced pharmacology
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Advanced pharmacology
1
The patient is near elderly and is of African American origin. Glipizide is suggested
for the preventing high blood sugar level in the patient as this medication helps pancreas to
produce insulin (Murphy et al., 2018). The initial mechanism of this medication is to increase
insulin secretion from the beta cells of pancreas and reduce the rate of hepatic glucose
production with increasing the level sensitivity of insulin receptor. This medication should
absorb 100% of glucotrol after 30 minutes of intake. This medicine acts in the body within
12-24 hours and extensively metabolises in the liver. In liver, this medication converts into
inactive metabolites (Hydroxycyclohexyl derivatives). This medicine is eliminated by
urination from the body. Hydrochlorothiazide is used to control high blood pressure and other
related condition of the body (Wilkins et al., 2017). HCTZ helps in elimination of
accumulated fluid and swelling in heart which is responsible for heart failure. The
medication can help to prevent the conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver, kidney failure and
nephrotic syndrome. This patient has cardiovascular disorder so the medication is appropriate
for the patient. Atenolol 25 mg po daily has been prescribed to the patient for preventing
hypertension, angina and myocardial infraction. It is used to treat heart attacks, chest pain
that is angina and the pharmacodynamics action of the drug leads to lowering of the heart
rate, strain of the heart and blood pressure as well. It is to be noted that the atenolol is
metabolised in the liver and eliminated by the kidneys and by nature – it is a beta receptor
blocker type of drug. Hydralazine 25 mg on a dosage of QID has been given to the patient
and it is to be noted that the same is used for treatment of high uncontrolled blood pressure
and also used in the management of the severe cardiovascular conditions such as heart attack.
Also used in the treatment of kidney diseases as well. The drug binds to plasma proteins and
the half-life of the drug or rather the medication in the plasma protein is about three to seven
hours. Simvastatin is given or rather administered to the patient to manage the condition of
dyslipidaemia in the patient. It reduces the low density cholesterols in the blood. It works by