This essay discusses the top two advancements in the field of immunassay technique - the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and the invention of ELISA. It explores the applications and impact of these techniques in disease detection and protein understanding.
Contribute Materials
Your contribution can guide someone’s learning journey. Share your
documents today.
Running head: ADVANCEMENT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE ADVANCEMENT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE Name of the Student Name of the University Author’s Note:
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
1ADVANCEMENT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE Since its inception, immunological tools are being used in great effect in the modern medicine industry as immunoassay techniques. Today’s modern and efficient immunoassay techniques did not appear suddenly and lots of innovation, technique and research are the pillars behind this. Amongst them, some are very important and critical compared to other and to choose top two innovations or advancement is no easy task. However, in my unassuming opinion, I think top two advancements in the area of immunoassay would be the discovery the means of producing ‘monoclonal antibodies’ andthe invention of the technique ‘ELISA or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay’ and in that order. Therefore, in this opinionated essay, brief description about these two techniques will be provided in the following section. The discovery of the way of producing monoclonal antibodies provided a major breakthrough in the way of immunological techniques which intensified the advancements of immunological approaches. Before the discovery of the technique of producing monoclonal antibodies, researchers had to work with impure mixture of antibodies and interpretation of data from that result was difficult and cumbersome. Presently, monoclonal antibody producing immortal cell line is available commercially and researchers do not have to use impure mixture of antibodies (Shepard et al., 2017). Additionally, monoclonal antibodies can be used as tags for protein which guides development. Therefore, understanding protein mechanism is lot easier now due to the discovery of the way of producing monoclonal antibodies. Recently, interferons are being subject to lots of research and it is very vital for the research area of proteomics. Monoclonal antibody can be used to identify this interferon from a crude mixture. The sensitivity of this detection method is very high as it can purify interferon 5000 times from a crude mixture (Shepard et al., 2017). Apart from that monoclonal antibodies have various effects on that area of blood transfusion related disease like hepatitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome or
2ADVANCEMENT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE AIDS. Currently, monoclonal antibodies are used as therapeutic agents which can be used for the treatment of cancer (Pietrantonio et al., 2017). Hence it can be seen that the monoclonal antibodies have various application with regards to detection of diseases, understanding protein function and purification. In a nutshell, theoretically, any desired specificity can be prepared with monoclonal antibodies and thus it has advances the immunoassay techniques vastly and this is why it my first choice advancements which made highest impact. ELISA or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a highly analytical and specific method for the quantification of antigen or protein. Therefore, this technique has huge application in the area of disease identification and ELISA is the basis test for the HIV infection. This technique has more benefits and preferable to other immune assay techniques like radioimmune assay (RIA) methods. Additionally, this technique is also very accurate in term of quantifying the amount of antigen or protein. ELISA or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also very fast procedure (Suttisunhakul et al., 2016). Thus, this techniques has become go to test for the identification of many infectious and harmful disease and ELISA technique has made this process very reliable and dependable and this whyit my second choice advancements which made second highest impact in my opinion.
3ADVANCEMENT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE References: Pietrantonio, F., Vernieri, C., Siravegna, G., Mennitto, A., Berenato, R., Perrone, F., ... & Picciani, B. (2017). Heterogeneity of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Clinical cancer research,23(10), 2414-2422. Shepard, H. M., Phillips, G. L., Thanos, C. D., & Feldmann, M. (2017). Developments in therapy with monoclonal antibodies and related proteins.Clinical medicine,17(3), 220-232. Suttisunhakul, V., Wuthiekanun, V., Brett, P. J., Khusmith, S., Day, N. P., Burtnick, M. N., ... & Chantratita, N. (2016). Development of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei.Journal of clinical microbiology,54(5), 1259-1268.