Green Concrete for Sustainable Construction

The assignment investigates the detrimental effects of conventional cement manufacturing on the environment, focusing on its contribution to carbon dioxide emissions. It then delves into the concept of green concrete as a more sustainable alternative, highlighting its use of recycled materials and reduced environmental footprint. The research examines the challenges and potential benefits of implementing green concrete in the construction industry, drawing upon surveys and expert opinions.

Running head: ADVANCEMENT OF GREEN CONCRETE
ADVANCEMENT OF GREEN CONCRETE
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive summary
The report has shed light on the importance of Green Concrete in the modern environmental
scenario. Green Concrete can be derived from the waste or residual element and that also has no
effect in the global warming. Most of the carbon dioxide gases are extracted from the cement
manufacturer industries, thus greenhouse and toxic gases were also generated by the process. So
mitigating that adverse process, green concrete innovation was an ethical and imperial step that
has been introduced by the Dubai government. This was the step that holds up the aggregated
level of pollution and environmental hazards.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Statement of Research.....................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Methodology....................................................................................................................................4
Results..............................................................................................................................................6
Interview Response........................................................................................................................12
Discussion and Analysis................................................................................................................13
Conclusion and Recommendation.................................................................................................15
Limitation......................................................................................................................................16
Personal reflections........................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17

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Introduction
Green Concrete is a revolutionary step that has been taken up for the development of
environmental aspect. The concept is very much reliable for the environment as it decreases the
greenhouse gas which affects the world in a drastic way. So the possible changes that can be
brought into the environment are the use of Green Concrete which is measured as per the global
environment scenario and declared as the best option what organizations have when they have to
produce cement. 10% of the total Co2 emission has come from the cement manufacturing
industry.
In this report, a vast analysis has been done over the Green Concrete and elaborates the
positive impact that Green concrete can make in the United Arab Emirates. Most of the people
are not aware of this process and the companies are not enough sure to implement that process in
their organization. However, the report contains all the possible results that evaluate the people
understanding over the Green Concrete issue.
Statement of Research
To determine the impact of green concrete in the environment and the importance of
using Green Concrete in cement manufacturing process in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
The paper will also analyze the difference between Green concrete and normal concrete. The
research paper will also highlight the importance of Green concrete usage as a sustainable
resource.
Literature Review
Biello (2008) published a research on green concrete. In this paper, it has been
accomplished accomplish that green concrete carries very low energy and assets consuming
substance those decrease the environmental contamination. This process is beneficial for
redeemable natural properties for future purpose.
According to Rubenstein (2012), the research process has achieved that cement is an
unusual asset all over the world as the demand for cement surges on a daily basis. In modern
phase the usage of silica emission upsurges because when it combines with cement it’s

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ornaments the stiffness and cleanliness of cement. This is the major reason behind global
warming.
As mentioned in Science Daily (2015), the release of carbon dioxide from conservative
cement concrete is most substantial used in building an arena and it discharges a hefty amount of
ecological litters. This is the reason carbon dioxide will increase in nature. If Green concrete can
be used in construction cases, then the environment can get rid of sludge ash, fly ash, silica fume,
a waste glass material, quarry dust, micro silica, sludge power etc.
Hall (2014), classifies cost and related benefits of Green management in their journal.
This paper stretches a methodical impression of the connection, in relationship with ‘ecosystem
services’, between the urban green substructure and the interior atmosphere through a literature
review in diverse castigations.
As stated byElgayar et al. (2016) the Urban green substructure was originated to donate
both positively and negatively to the indoor situation. The dynamism uses of air excellence,
auditory atmosphere, and appealing excellence all this are the changing aspect of that can be
controlled by the implementation of green concrete. This is the challenging aspect for the
companies to process this new implementation, but most of the times new innovations are quite
helpful for the demographics environmental change.
Methodology
In this research process, certain approach, design, and philosophy are used to understand
the concept of Green Concrete and to realize people behavior over the matter. A certain data
collection method and data analysis method have been introduced in this project so that better
understanding of the methodology has been used.
In this case, the deductive approach has been taken in this reaserch, as these are drawn
from the existing theories and models evaluate the nature of the topic and their understanding of
the concept. Those existing theories and models have also highlighted the technological
enhancement that Green Concrete as imposed in an organization.
The descriptive design has been used in this research methodology. In-depth knowledge
and inclusion of various theories are the concern issue over the situation. The detail information

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has been taken in this research for that research process and from those findings; a better
conclusion can be drawn.
Research philosophy is designed to make belief about the nature of the stud and impacted
over the utility of the topic. In this case, Positivism philosophy has been used in this research
process. A more critical manner of presentation has been presented in this research so that a
complete perception of Green Concrete can sustain in this report.
In case of Data collection process, Primary data collection process has been taken
wherein specific terms survey process has applied in this research to know the status of Green
Concrete. The survey was very fruitful and evaluates the importance of Green Concrete in the
modern cement business scenario. In this survey process 8 questions were asked and through the
process, the possible response has come that demonstrate the possible change in UAE by the
effective manner of Green Concrete. There has been an interview section also initiated in this
research process with Dr. Manuch. There were five open-ended questions has been asked and all
these questions were highlighting the importance and significance of Green Concrete and also
recommend to sustain the adequate environmental condition through the research.
In case research sampling process, 98 persons have been selected to conduct the research.
There were 8 questions and people had to answer those questions in a close-ended form and that
was the reason no justification is required in that form and people had to state their view over the
concern issue of global warming, greenhouse gases and implement of Green Concrete.
In data analysis process, quantitative data has been taken in this research as all those
people number as a sample and their positive and negative views are counted as the responses.
So the respondent approach was formed in a quantitative manner as data and people numbers are
the concern criteria of that finding.
The research has been done in an ethical manner where the research has been done by the
proper permission of the university. The results that have derived from the research are not used
further; rather these have to be ruined. On the other hand, no such manipulation was noticed in
data and respondent names were stated as the confidential. Willing respondents were only taken
in this research process thus all the answers and their percentage must be different from the
ethical point of view.

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Results
The results can be drawn by the provided survey process which included 8 questions and
all that demonstrated the importance of Green Concrete and their impact on Abu Dhabi. Those
questions are confined to 98 respondents and most of the cases people understand the question
and revert back to their ways of understanding.
Question 1: Have you used green concrete?
Figure 1: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
From the first question, most of the people were not aware of Green Concrete and that
percentage was 67% and the people those were known about the fact was 32%. Thus the ratio
clearly stated that most of the people in Abu Dhabi are not quite aware of that fact so the
organizations are not taking such risks where they want to implement this new strategy.
Question 2: Green Concrete is useful to use in the UAE?

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Figure 2:Respondent response
((Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
From the second question, the changed rate in respondents’ behavior has changed and
they agreed with the condition that Green Concrete can be useful for UAE. There are lots of
positive impacts that can be derived from the implementation of Green Concrete and UAE
people know this thing and they acknowledged that. There are almost 51% people think that
innovation comes by the implement of Green Concrete would be effective, where 45% of
respondents were still not sure about the usefulness of Green Concrete.
Question 3: Is green concrete cheaper than traditional concrete?

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Figure 3:Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/
In case of the third question, the respondents were not quite sure that traditional concrete
was cheaper than the Green one or not. 49% of the respondents were not quite sure about the
cheaper concept and they were inside of neutral. On the other hand, 37% of respondents are like
to state their positive response to that fact. In the UAE market the traditional concrete is a
traditional form of business persuasion but by the importance of Green Concrete influence
people to impose their state over this section.
Question 4: Is green concrete more durable than traditional concrete?

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Figure 4: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
In the fourth question, the state of Green Concrete durability was the major concern as
that was agreed by 47% of respondents and they were in favor of Green Concrete but almost the
same amount of people (45%) are not sure about the durable issue that green concrete had
impacted over the environment.
Question 5: Is green concrete more sustainable?

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Figure 5: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
In case of the Fifth question, a huge acceptable range had been found as 78% of
respondents were quite sure that more sustainable environmental condition can be derived by
Green Concrete. People were quite sure that due to protect the nature Green Concrete is
important to stage the pollution and global warming level. There were 21% respondents who
were still doing oppose that traditional process was more convincing but most of the people
acknowledge the expected sustainable provide by Green Concrete.
Question 6: Do you know that producing traditional concrete has more disadvantages and
affect global warming?
Figure 6: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
In the sixth question, respondents have acknowledged that traditional concrete has more
disadvantage and global warming situation. 51% respondents are happy to acknowledge that but
there are 29% people who had not sure about the situation.
Question 7: In future, if you had a chance would you choose green concrete?

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Figure 7: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
In case of the seventh question, respondents were happy to take a chance with Green
Concrete; rather they want to use this process in their business. Environment sustainability can
be maintained by the used of green concrete. Thus 61% of respondents’ would happy to use in
their firm and 30% of people were still confused about the use of Green Concrete.
Question 8: Is green concrete reduces energy consumption?

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Figure 8: Respondent response
(Source: https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-2L2JPCXJ8/)
In case of the Last question, almost 58% of respondents were made an agreement that green
concrete reduces more energy consumption and for that reason, the people acknowledge the
importance of Green Concrete as well. There were 38% people who had sure about the energy
consumption issue thus their understanding are quite different in that case.
Interview Response
An interview session has been initiated in this research with Dr. Manuch to understand the
importance of green concrete. There were certain questions asked in this reseach and each has
analyzed the significance of Green Concrete in this global environmental scenario.
Question: What is the impact of green concrete inthe environment?
Analysis: Environmental destruction can be mitigated by the effective use Green Concrete as
cement manufacture companies need to implement the process as the maximum carbon dioxide
can be generated by that process. For the enovoronment protection, mix in green cencrete in
cement effects less environment pollution, that eventually decrese the green house gas emission
and global warming impact.
Question: What are the differences between green concrete and the normal concrete?

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Analysis: Green Concrete is the replacement of cement and that can be made by the residual and
waste material. On the other hand, conventional cement contains sand, gravel and those unusual
aggregates like fly ash and some other infectious problems. The global impact is associated with
these classifications of concrete as normal concrete has impacted on the environment by
delivering cement but green concrete is impacted over the environment by protecting it from
global warming.
Questions: Can we use the green concrete in all places?
Analysis: In case of infrastructural projects, large-scale building, small-scale building all these
are the place where Green Concrete has been used. The coal combustion and the blast furnace
slag are the partial replacement of cement but for the better development, Green concrete has
been used. Green concrete can be used by any of constructing works like footpaths, road and
bridges and that also maintain the global warming impact.
Question: How green concrete effect onthe performance of the building?
Analysis: Compressive strength is the main concern that can be signified by the performance of
Green concrete by building up the nature of construction. The corrosion problem has reduced in
making building and more durable building structure can be initiated by green concrete.
Question: There are any differences in sustainability between using the green and
normal concrete?
Analysis: 8 to 10% of carbon can be reduced by the implementation of Green concrete and that
also highlighted the reduced carbon inthe environment. Conventional cement has this backdrop
that Green concrete has not as this is the quality concrete that used for the safety reason of the
environment.
Discussion and Analysis
In Abu Dhabi, most of the buildings are coming up with original Portland cement and
these cements are coming from Green Concrete method. The decision was made by the
governance of Dubai which was published in Khaleej Times. Dubai municipality has maintained
the original Portland cement and try to emit the toxic gasses by the implementing natural
resource like Green Concrete. This concrete can be extracted from the fly ash or Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag which are basically the reductive element that found in the
environment. Most of the cases companies are not delivering proper justification due to the

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environmental hazards; in that case, they are not maintaining the green concrete limitation. But
most of the cases are there where 164kg of dust has been dumped by the air if 1tonne cement has
produced. In that case, the global warming is the prime concern, which has to create a threat to
the entire nation and earth. There are 12 cement factories in UAE which have produced total 19
tonnes of cement. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the dominant forerunner of Dubai cement
industry, needed to change their cement procedure form so that environmental aspect is sustained
in their business. OPC is a vital building bit and pieces and also a planned commodity which
produced 3.5 billion metric tonnes over a year. Current energy and Co2 culture are important for
that case to understand the process by the governance.
Figure 9: Share of total CO2 emissions across the Portland cement production process.
(Source: science direct, 2017)
Portland cement has produced an innovative change in their production making process
of cement making and for that reason, the production of Co2has also abridged. In that scenario,
Kilns are ablaze using fuel oil, coal, natural gas, biomass, waste-derived option fuels or mixtures
of these fuels. Temperatures are usually approximately 1400–1600 °C and energy insist varies
based on the manufacturing process. Improvement obtainable plants with new technology are an
expensive process. If high bolster performance is obligated, the grinding must be very fine
granules that will necessitate greater power utilization. Using ashes substitutes may decrease
calculations CO2 emissions but will usually need more heat power.

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If all the questions were generalized this manner then the procedure should be very
ethical in that case. Respondents were not quite sure about the implement of green concrete and
for that reason most of the cases they were stated on the not sure option. This was the reason
because the proposed procedure was not still implemented in Arab so cement organization
leaders did not quite assure to take this step.
Conclusion and Recommendation
There are projected recommendations that can take place in this scenario to overcome the
problems facing the Cement making process. Cement making process is the most dangerous
process that impacted the environmental change increase the percentage of Carbon-Di-Oxide.
The possible recommendations that can be imposed over the situation to establish the green
concrete in cement business section are:
Therefore, it can be concluded that for that sustainable condition of the environment,
green concrete should be used in cement production process as it was one of the main contenders
of total Co2 emission. The cement manufacturing process and material that used for making
green concrete are completely contrasting from each other as the green concrete are formed by
the residual and wastes that are not needed in construction cases.
Limitation
There were lots of limitations that have been faced in this research. The money is a basic
limitation for this research. There were some paid journals that have not been taken in this
research as the money was the concern matter for this. Demonstration constructed with green
concrete has moderately less life than structures with conservative concrete so this was another
limitation that has been faced by the organization too. In some cases respondents are not willing
to think over the question rather they used to provide some answer whatever they want, this is
another limitation found in the research survey process.
Personal reflections
I have learnt about the importance of Green concrete and have gained knowledge of this
effective use of this concrete in cement. The environment has got affected by the production of

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cement and this is the reason that global warming has increased day by day. I have learned all
these things and know about the importance of green concrete and accumulation of this to
Portland cement. This is a new lesson for me as I got to know about the effective techniques of
Green concrete and the usage of this for the development of sustainable global environment and
improvement.

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References
Biello, D. (2008). Cement from CO2: A Concrete Cure for Global Warming? Scientific
American. Retrieved from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cement-from-
carbon-dioxide/
Elgayar, A., Elgayar, A., Beheiry, S. M., Beheiry, S. M., Jabbar, A., Jabbar, A., ...& Al Ansari,
H. (2016). A benchmarking approach to the progress of green materials and systems’ use
in the UAE construction industry. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable
Development, 13(4), 315-327.
Hall, R., Polys, N., Sforza, P., Eubank, S., Lewis, B., Krometis, L. A. H., ...&Lipsey, J. (2017).
Advancing the Global Land Grant Institution: Creating a Virtual Environment to Re-
envision Extension and Advance GSS-related Research, Education, and Collaboration.
Rubenstein, M. (2012). Emissions from the Cement Industry. Columbia. Retrieved from:
http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/05/09/emissions-from-the-cement-industry/
Science Daily. (2015). 'Green-mix' concrete: An environmentally friendly building material.
UniversitiTeknologi MARA. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150526093237.htm