Age-appropriate toys and safety measures for children

This article discusses age-appropriate toys and safety measures for children including pencils, pull-along ducks, play dough, scissors, threading beads, plastic boxes, and fine paint brushes. It also covers the importance of sun protection, infection control, oral health, fire drill procedures, and vulnerable groups in fire situations.

Assessment 1
Toy Age group Why? Include safety
Pencils 2-3 years At this age, children can grip
anything properly and the
risk of eating everything they
find new is reduced.
Pull-along duck Toddlers With the parents’
intervention use of play-
along ducks while bathing is
safe.
Play dough 2 Years and up can use, but it
is recommended to use after
5 years.
Children of less than 5 years
can get harassed by its
choking hazards.
Scissors 2-3 years of age is able to
grip a scissor.
At this age, children have the
fine motor skill, hand-eye
coordination and strength to
cut. But, blunt-tip scissors
must be provided to avoid
safety issues.
Small threading beads 3-5 Children of this age will not
swallow it and they will have
a proper control in grip.
Large Plastic box Toddler (1-3) It is safe because it cannot be
swallowed.
Fine paint brushes 2-3 years In this age children gain fine

motor skills and they
understand the functions of
things.
Assessment 2
1. At the beginning of the registration, the record must be kept in the documentation.
2. With the documents and identity card of the child, the relief staffs and others will
know about this allergy.
3. Various symptoms are there that include skin problems like flushing, hives, eczema;
respiratory problem like wheezing, runny nose; digestive problem like vomiting,
nausea etc. This child is having exact symptom of skin eczema.
4. Food that causes allergy should be avoided and sharing of food and eating others
Tiffin must not be allowed.
5. If the child eat egg and begin reacting then he should be transferred to the emergency
room immediately for the initial treatment.
6. In the file containing medical documents of children, the information about treating
the child and medication is kept.
7. When the allergy symptoms are detected then adrenalin is provided through an auto
injector.
8. Three causes are food, medication and biting or stinging insects.
Assessment 3
1. Three signs and symptoms of asthma are
a. Chest tightness

b. Coughing or wheezing
c. Shortness of breathe
2. Three potential triggers for asthma are
a. Food and food additives
b. Air pollution
c. Furry pets
3. The asthma management plan should be prepared by an expert physician and it should
provided to the school authority by the parents while documentation.
4. The organization should immediately take the child to the emergency room and
arrange necessary treatment from the specialists present there. If the situation is not
under control, the child should be taken to hospital by ambulance and his/her parents
must be informed about that.
Assessment 4
1. National quality standard Quality area 2, 2.1.2 describes the comfort of every child
and the need of rest and sleep for relaxation among them.
2. Sleep routine and process for
a. Babies: A baby generally sleeps 12 to 15 hours in a day. The day should start
around 6-8 am and the bedtime at night should be around 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm.
b. Toddler: Toddlers generally requires around 12 to 14 hours of sleep in a day
including an afternoon nap. Avoid holding or feeding when a toddler is sleeping.
c. Prep/Preschool: A child of pre-school needs 11-13 hours of sleep daily including
the midday nap. Alerting the child half an hour before to have a nap is necessary
in this stage.

3. Every living creature need some rest and so as children. During the early
development, the primary activity of brain is sleeping. The sleep and amount of sleep
always keeps a direct impact on the physical as well as mental development of every
child. If any child is suffering from lack of sleep then it hampers his/her mood which
in turn creates irritation and lack of energy in the daily activity. Not only that, if a
child is not sleeping properly, then he/she can get victimized of many diseases. Along
with that, children always do some playful activity and spend a huge amount of
energy during the whole day activity. So, they require a proper amount of sleep
according to their age and requirement. It keeps them healthy and happy in doing
daily activity and learning many new things as well.
Assessment 5
Safety Issue Prevention and risk management
Many tools like hammer and saw is scattered
on the floor.
It may harm the toddlers and other babies as
they are crawling and walking on the floor.
One baby has poured his drink accidentally
on the floor.
It can make the floor slippery and cause
accidental fall for children.
A baby is sitting alone in the chair without
any intervention of elders.
It can make him fall on the floor.
Chairs are inverted on the floor haphazardly. It can create injury for the toddlers who are
crawling.
The room is not organized and all the cubic
boxes and other dolls are spread on the floor.
Children might find difficulty in walking or
crawling on the floor freely.

3. The four sun protection factors are as follows
a. Shade
b. Hat
c. Sunglass
d. Flap cap
e. Sunscreen
Assessment 6
1. Quality area 3 of National Quality Standards is related to safety in physical
environment. The centre based service must ensure that outdoor spaces provided by
school or any other organization should have much shaded area to protect the children
from harmful UV rays of sun.
2. According to National Quality Standards, children must be protected from over
exposure from the sun due to its harmful effects. So, selecting the tools of protection
was highly important as it requires keeping a lot of thing in mind about the protection
of children. Keeping a shade was the primary requirement.
3. Outside Environment
a. Sandpit- safety issues: While playing in the sandpit, children may become
sunburnt. Sand or objects which are buried under sand may create choking
problem amongst children. It can create cuts also.
Sandpit-strategy to reduce risk: To cover the sandpit when not in use, shade
clothes should be used. Proper sunscreen for children should be used to prevent
sunburn.
b. Swing – safety issues: Children can fall from swings and even they can hit by a
moving swing.

Swing – strategy to reduce risk: Children should ride under the elder’s supervision
and safety mat should be used under the swings to prevent massive injuries due to
fall.
c. Bikes- Safety issue: Fall from the bikes can create head injuries to the children.
Bikes- strategy to reduce risk: Use of a helmet can reduce the amount of injury
and risk.
Assessment 7
1. Children should apply sunscreen during their journey to education and care centre and
whenever there is exposure to sun while playing or doing other activities.
2. Wearing a hat will prevent from the harmful UV rays of the sun and along with that it
will help other children about the importance of protection from sun.
Assessment 8
1. The infection control and personal hygiene procedure that are taken in the workplace
is the use of hand wash, hand rub and gloves.
2. I used a proper infection control hand wash and gloves to protect the hygiene
procedure.
3. According to National Standard Policy, clean environment is very much important in
controlling infection and other disease (Low, 2016). It also protects the hygiene.
4. Cleaning products contain chemicals and it should be stored in a separate room.
Before the starting of a day, cleaning should occur daily.
Assessment 9

Poor oral health among children can cause digestive problem and they can lose confidence on
their appearance while socializing with other people. So, poor oral health has psychological,
social, developmental factor that affects the overall health and well being.
Signs of tooth decay: black spot on teeth, swollen or bleeding gum, bad breathe, irritability
and sensitivity.
Assessment 10
1. Fire drill procedure
 Activating the fire alarm
 Fire evacuation strategy
 Action on detecting fire
 Calling fire brigade
 Personal emergency evacuation plan(Tian, Shang & Yu, 2017)
2. The most vulnerable group in the fire situations are the children with some disability
and who are from lower income group as they do not spend much money for their
treatment procedure. Another high-risk group include the individuals who are
suffering from any disease and mal-nutrition also. The older people are also the worst
sufferer in case of any fire situation.
3. Types of behaviour that contributes to fire injury is disability, asleep, mentally
disabled, impaired by alcohol or any other drug, lack of knowledge to use safety
measurements. Most of the fire injuries or fatalities occur when people are fallen
asleep and it contributes to severe injuries and even death also.
4. Fire alarm in the home should be placed in all the bedrooms and the area outside the
bedrooms. In the case of service, it should be installed in every level including the

basement. Fire alarm should be placed in such a way so that each and every person
living inside that area can hear the sound of alarm.
5. Fire alarm require maintenance
a. It should be monitored at least once in a month.
b. Security guards check the fire alarm in service areas and in case of house, tenants
or residents check the fire alarms.

References
Low, P. (2016). International trade and the environment. UNISIA, (30), 95-99.
Tian, L., Shang, X., & Yu, J. (2017). Using modified core drilling method to estimate the
damage of fire exposed concrete. Procedia Engineering, 210, 3-10.