1 AGED CARE DISABILITY Disability is defined as the condition, which makes it difficult for the person to perform daily activities and live a quality life (Temple and Williams 2018). These disabilities can be of different types such as cognitive, intellectual, mental, physical and also by the combination of the multiple factors. As per the study was done byChatterjiet al.(2015), the occurrence rate of disability in an older individual is more as compared to that of the other individual due to the changes linked to ageing. The immunity system of an individual belonging to the age group of 65 and more is less which makes them more vulnerable to any disease leading to disability. Hence, to provide them with a quality life, it is vital to deliver high quality healthcare to the individual. Australian health care system offers healthcare facility for the individual aged 65 years and above. In the case of the Australian indigenous population aged 50 years and above, who are not able to lead their life without support (My aged care 2019). This assignment discusses the ageing care facilities provided in Australian Health care system and its positive and negative impact on the patient. According to the survey conducted by (Vetranoet al.2016), the rate of comorbidity in the older individual is more than that of the other individual. The statistics show that around 8 in every ten older individuals are suffering from one or more chronic illness and it is also considered as one of the most major reason behind the enhanced disability rate. Aged care in Australia falls under the department of health, along with that the funding required providing appropriatefacilityisdonebyfederalgovernmentfundingthroughthesubsidies.The commonwealth government is responsible for delivering an aged care facility in Australia. Care is provided to the individual either in their home or in the residential aged care facilities and the community. According to the study piloted byJeon and Kendig(2017), total expenditure done by the government on the older individual is around $15.8 billion, out of which the Australian
2 AGED CARE DISABILITY government system does 90 %. To provide adequate care to the older individual, the government has formulated an Act named as Aged Care Act enacted in 1997. Aged care act is formulated based on the Aged care principles and ethical and legislative framework. As mentioned above, the aged care in Australia is provided by three different means such as residential care, and home care and flexible (Backhouseet al. 2016). The type of care provided to the target population depends upon the health condition and the disability of the individual. In addition to that, it is also dependent upon the funding agreements with the health care providers. According to the information provided by (My aged care 2019), the commonwealth support program initiated by the government assist the older individual by providing care at home at entry-level. It is done to improve their quality of living by providing those services at their home. The aged care services offered at home by the commonwealth support program includes transport, domestic chores, home maintenance, personal care, nursing care, allied healthcare services, home modification, help, social, mental and physical support. The aged care plan is formed by considering according to the needs and concern of the patient and is improvised accordingly to deliver quality care and speed the recovery process of the patient. There are two different packages provided by the government to the older individual which are commonwealth support program and Homecare Package program. Homecare Package program is provided to the patient with greater health needs (Carroll 2018). This program assists the older individual to stay at home instead of residential aged care which is often observed in case of the common-wealth support program. Homecare Package program of the government is divided into four levels based on the health need of the older individual (Johnsonet al.2018). Rendering to Sellars, Detering and Silvester (2015), each package whether commonwealth support program or Homecare Package program is personalized to the need and concern of the patient as per the
3 AGED CARE DISABILITY principles listed under the Custom Directed Care. This package helps the client to choose the most appropriate package for them and provides flexibility while selecting services and care. Level one of the four Homecare Package program deals with the older individual with basic care needs and the standard four deals with the patient with high health care needs. In the year 2015- 16, the Australian government announced that both the commonwealth support program and the Homecare Package program would be merged to simplify the system for better understanding (Sparrow 2018). Another service initiated by the Australian government to reduce the adverse effect of disability on the mental and physical wellness of the older individual is residential aged care. It is provided to the older individual whose health care needs are more as compared to the other older individual. They are then taken to the residential aged care as their health care need cannot be fulfilled at home. The older individual who chooses residential aged care gets attention on respite that is short term or permanent basis (Quiñones, Markwardt and Botoseneanu 2016).The service which is provided during residential aged care includes personal care, accommodation, support services such as meals and laundry, nursing and allied health services. The funding which is required to perform the listed activities under the residential aged care is funded by both the Australian government and the contributions taken from the residents. According toBrettet al. (2017), the necessary care subsidy for each and every older patient is calculated by using the Aged care Funding Instrument. By the help of the result evaluated by the instrument, the physician assesses the needs of the patient to provide accordingly care. The third type of care provided to the older patient suffering from a disability is flexibility care which caters for the older people who have different need and requires particular care approach than that offered under the residential care services and the home care. According
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4 AGED CARE DISABILITY to the study directed by the Croft and Croft (2018), the flexible attention is divided into four main types such as transition care, short-term restorative care, multi-purpose services program and innovative care program. The transition care is funded jointly by the state and the territory government and the Australian government. It provides up to 12 weeks of rehabilitation and care after discharge from the hospital (Department of Health, 2019). Intending to allow the older people to return to their home rather than that of the residential aged care system, it provides 12 weeks of care. Second is short term restorative care which is similar to that of the transition care. The only major difference observed is that in the case of the short term restorative care, the older individuals have a setback or decline in the function instead of a hospital stay. In the case of short term restorative care, care is delivered to the patient up to the eight weeks to improve the mental and physical wellbeing of the patient and to educate them with the coping strategy so that they can manage at home on their own. The third type of flexible services provided by the Australian government is the Multi-purpose services programme. This Multi-purpose services programme subsidized by the government provides high quality care to the older individual residing in rural and remote communities. Conferring to the research conducted by theDepartment of Health (2019), the death rate among the older population from remote and rural communities is more as compared to that of the other older population. The findings of the study suggest that it is due to the lack of access to the primary health care services, aged care homes and hospitals (Parliament of Australia 2019). Therefore to close the healthcare gap, Multi-purpose services programme has been formulated which provides services to such rural region. Fourth and last type of flexile program is an innovative care program. These facilities are presented to the older individual residing in certain places or community. Under this program, only the particular more former
5 AGED CARE DISABILITY community member or the older populations of a specific area are provided with the listed medical happiness (Department of Health 2019). The older individuals who belong to the aboriginalpopulationare also equippedwith theagedcare facilitiesunderthe National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aged Care Programme. This program funds for the mental and physical wellness of the patient in order to offer adequate residential and home care services for the indigenous Australian residing in the remote or the rural areas (Parliament of Australia 2019). According to the research conducted by (Department of Health 2019), the Australian government has funded programs to support the aged care patient. The Australian healthcare system has classified nine populations such as, indigenous population, intersex and transgender, CALD background, lesbian, gay, bisexual, people from the rural community and veteran individual who have special needs. The survey done by (Department of Health 2019), states that the older population belongs to the above mentioned category are more vulnerable to any illness which can lead to disability and hence requires adequate care. The government has funded a number of programs and strategies to meet their special needs. One is Partners in Culturally appropriate care which is funded by the state and territory to assist the aged care individual from CALD (culturally and linguistically diverse) background. Another program which provides appropriate aged care facility to the older individual from LGBTI (lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex). To provide high quality care, the number of actions and goals has been formulated. Apart from these, the government has also formulated programs for older veterans’ individual, those who are homeless or belong to the poor economic background (Department of Health 2019). The Australian government has also initiated support programs for the individual residing in the remote or the rural areas by the aid of viability supplement. As per
6 AGED CARE DISABILITY the information gathered from the studyBrettet al. (2017), the rate of mental disability among the older population is also higher as compared to the other individual and hence requires proper mental care. One such program which provides care to the older individual with a mental disability is Dementia and cognition supplement, dementia programs and other mental programs (Parliament of Australia 2019). From the above discussion, it can be clearly stated that the rate of disability among the older individual is more as compared to that of the population of other age. As they are more vulnerable, the need for care among the older individual is also more. By critically reviewing the Australian health care system, it has been comprehended that the Australian Health care system provides personalized healthcare by considering the health care needs of the patient. The discussion suggests that the fund required to provide adequate care to the older individual is funded by the commonwealth government under the Federal government. Three major types of services are provided by the Australian Health care system which includes residential care, home care and flexible care. Out of the three, flexible care is the most considerate and effective. A separate program is also there to provide appropriate care to the aboriginal individual. Apart from that, support programs are also provided to the aged individual.According to the Parliament of Australia,there is nine groups of the individual which are categorised under the Act and have special needs; old individuals are one of them. To meet the special needs of the older population, a government has funded a number of strategies, programs and supplements. Therefore it can be clearly stated that the Australian health care sector has different programs which are useful in providing quality care to the older individual.
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7 AGED CARE DISABILITY Reference: Backhouse, T., Kenkmann, A., Lane, K., Penhale, B., Poland, F. and Killett, A., 2016. Older care-home residents as collaborators or advisors in research: a systematic review.Age and ageing,45(3), pp.337-345. Brett, L., Traynor, V., Stapley, P. and Meedya, S., 2017. Effects and feasibility of an exercise intervention for individuals living with dementia in nursing homes: study protocol.International psychogeriatrics,29(9), pp.1565-1577. Carroll, R., 2018. The importance of long-term case management in preventing older person's homelessness: Challenges in accessing home care packages.Parity,31(4), p.46. Chatterji, S., Byles, J., Cutler, D., Seeman, T. and Verdes, E., 2015. Health, functioning, and disability in older adults—present status and future implications.The lancet,385(9967), pp.563- 575. Croft, H. and Croft, S., 2018.The Australian Carer: A Training Manual for Aged Care Workers. Cengage AU. DepartmentofHealth(2019).AgeingandAgedCare.[online]Agedcare.health.gov.au. Available at: https://agedcare.health.gov.au/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2019]. Department of Health (2019).Interface between health, aged care and disability. [online] www.health.wa.gov.au.Availableat: https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Corporate/general%20documents/Sustainable %20Health%20Review/Background%20papers/Interface-between-health-aged-care-and- disability.pdf [Accessed 11 Dec. 2019].
8 AGED CARE DISABILITY Jeon, Y.H. and Kendig, H., 2017. Care and support for older people. InAgeing in Australia(pp. 239-259). Springer, New York, NY. Johnson, S., Bacsu, J., Abeykoon, H., McIntosh, T., Jeffery, B. and Novik, N., 2018. No Place Like Home: A Systematic Review of Home Care for Older Adults in Canada.Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement,37(4), pp.400-419. Myagedcare(2019).Supportforpeoplewithdisabilities.[online]Myagedcare.gov.au. Availableat:https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/support-people-disabilities[Accessed11Dec. 2019]. Parliament of Australia (2019).Aged Care: a quick guide – Parliament of Australia. [online] Aph.gov.au.Availableat: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/ pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/Aged_Care_a_quick_guide [Accessed 11 Dec. 2019]. Quiñones, A.R., Markwardt, S. and Botoseneanu, A., 2016. Multimorbidity combinations and disability in older adults.Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences,71(6), pp.823-830. Sellars, M., Detering, K.M. and Silvester, W., 2015. Current advance care planning practice in the Australian community: an online survey of home care package case managers and service managers.BMC palliative care,14(1), p.15. Sparrow, P., 2018. Urgent recommitment needed for home care.Australian Ageing Agenda, (Nov/Dec 2018), p.14.
9 AGED CARE DISABILITY Temple, J.B. and Williams, R., 2018. Multiple health conditions and barriers to healthcare among older Australians: prevalence, reasons and types of barriers.Australian journal of primary health,24(1), pp.82-89. Vetrano, D.L., Foebel, A.D., Marengoni, A., Brandi, V., Collamati, A., Heckman, G.A., Hirdes, J., Bernabei, R. and Onder, G., 2016. Chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes: The different weight of comorbidity.European journal of internal medicine,27, pp.62-67.