Agriculture and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Agrarian Change in Libya

Agriculture and Sustainable
Development A case study of
Agrarian change in Libya

Table of Contents
Chapter 2: Literature Review ..........................................................................................................3
2.1 The role of agriculture in facilitating better development ....................................................4
2.1 The role of agriculture in facilitating better development ....................................................6
2.1.1 Agricultural and economic development...........................................................................7
2.1.1.1 Agricultural development and economic growth..........................................................10
2.1.2 Agricultural and poverty reduction...................................................................................11
2.1.3 Effectiveness of agriculture for development..................................................................13
2.1.4 Agricultural and rural development.................................................................................13
2.2 Agricultural policies............................................................................................................14
2.2.1 Agricultural policy and development...............................................................................16
2.2.2 Stakeholders and policy reforms......................................................................................18
2.2.3 Governances and decision making...................................................................................21
2.2.4 Assessment of agricultural policies..................................................................................23
2.2.6 Agricultural policies in oil rich developing countries......................................................24
2.2.6.1 Oil discovery and development of agriculture..............................................................27
2.3 Chapter Summary................................................................................................................28
2.2 Importance of agriculture development in Libya................................................................29
2.2 Agriculture development.....................................................................................................30
2.3 Agriculture and economic indicators..................................................................................33
2.3 Libyan agriculture sector production..................................................................................35
2.4 Agriculture policies in developing and oil rich developing countries.................................36

Chapter 2: Literature Review
This section forms out to be one of the most vital parts of any dissertation and research
project which ensures and facilitates a systematic analysis of secondary form of data to have
better understanding about a set specific topic and its main objective. The current dissertation is
based on the topic of Agriculture and Sustainable Development and the research aim of current
dissertation is, “To evaluate about the main issues related with agriculture development in
accordance and relation with government policy within an emerging economy.
Thus, the current chapter of literature review comprises of an effective analysis and
discussion about the role of agriculture in national development along with analysing its effect
on the poverty reduction and economic development of a nation. Beside this, current chapter
would also include a review of literature based on new perspectives lead out on the role of
agriculture along with focusing and emphasis on the small farmers. Along with this, a discussion
about the effective rural development and role of government policies in strengthening the
agriculture development is also made. Further, examination of relationship between the
agricultural policy and rural development policy is also made under current chapter of literature
review. Finally, a discussion and analysis of agriculture policies and related governance is also
made along with analysing the importance of education, empowerment and engagement in the
agriculture policymaking together with review of Dutch disease issues of economic
development.
The review of literature is lead out while keeping in view the context of Libya along with
focusing and emphasising on intention of enchaining overall understanding and learning level on
the topic of impact of changing agricultural policies along with improved knowledge about
approaches within agriculture sector performance in context of Libya. An introduction of facts
and topic can be made out through the view point that agriculture basically presents the human
undertaking which primary deals with the production of food for making and animals along with
providing raw material for industries to ensure smooth production of goods and services in order
to effectively satisfy the needs and wants of humankind. Further, the development of the
agriculture within a country is mainly depends in the effectiveness of agriculture policies that are
adopted which reflects and depend in the priorities and particular needs of that specific country.
For instance, sometime the concept of industrialisation competes with agriculture while in some
3

cases it runs parallel as per the attention level. Thus, the issues related with the development of
agriculture at the cost of industrial development is also been a controversial and debatable
concept for economist and researcher. Literature review defines as a source that is used to
critical collect the information on specific topic or research questions to get the reliable answer
that helps in presenting the valid conclusion at the end of the research. In this literature review
the sources are merely collected from already published books, Journals, articles, scholarly
sources etc. the researcher used these factors to effectively gather, analyse, collect the
information on the agriculture development within the country (Udaykumar, 2015).
As per the view point of Priyadarshini, P. and Abhilash, P.C., 2020, the development of
industries are more important than focusing and emphasising in agriculture development as in
the countries like Libya which are rich in oil resources thus role of agriculture in economic
development and its contribution in GDP is highly questioned.
2.1 The role of agriculture in facilitating better development
With respect to information provided by Saravanakumar, V., Malaiarasan, U. and
Balasubramanian, R., 2020, it has been conceptualised that agriculture is a concept that is having
different perspective and view point for diverse people. From the view point of a farmer,
agriculture can be termed and defined as a regular and everyday practices on which the
fulfilment of its family needs and satisfaction depends as agriculture act as a means of earnings
for them. Beside this, as per the perceptive of a economist, agriculture can be termed as an
important sector of economy which should contribute and facilitates better economic
development through contributing in rise of GDP (Gross domestic product). Further, according to
the view point of Griesche, C. and Baeumner, A.J., 2020, agriculture us a complex term which
comprises of many vital activities and set of actions which can be defined as a science or farming
practice that include cultivation of soil with the purpose of growing crops. Beside this, rearing of
animals by the way of providing food for the production of wool and other natural products is
also forms a vital part of agriculture. Beside this, the development of agriculture has been
directed by many crucial factors like the level of labour productivity along with improvement in
land productivity and other environment and economic factors. Further, development of
agriculture also varies according to many other context and circumstances which are surrounding
this sector and influencing its development level in economy. It has been analysed that in the
4

early year of nineteen sixties, a major level of development is seen in the agriculture sector
particularly in the early signs of industrialisation. The main reason and cause for the
development of agriculture during the times of industrialisation is based on the fact that high
demand of raw material and other subsidiary product is created by industries which lead more
emphasis and pressure of effective development of agriculture. Further, it has been also observed
that the traditional form of agriculture could be transformed and rapidly get converted into a
more modern type by the way of effective adoption of scientific based technology along with
implication of improved agriculture approach to have higher productivity level. Thus, this
improvement and development in agriculture sector which comprises of use of improved
technology and scientific approach would have been contributed to overall improved national
growth. Thus, an analysis can be made out that Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy
for ensuring development of the countries as it provides the main source of food, income and
employment to their rural populations and also support development and operations of factory in
cities. Apart from this, it has been also analysed that the improvements in agriculture and land
use are fundamental to achieving food security, poverty alleviation and overall sustainable
development within a country to have more stable economic development. Apart from this, the
economist has also seen and explicitly observed a strong growth and linkage between multiplier
effects and growth of agriculture as compared to the non-agriculture sector. Beside this, some
economist has also favoured that agriculture is playing a vital role in overall development of
nation through effectively contributing in GDP and other growth factors.
In facilitating the better development it is very essential to understand the agriculture field
where farming is the core aspect that represents as a fabric of the rural society within many
countries of the world. Any sudden changes within the agriculture field is highly impacted the
farm sector as due to this they will faced the severe consequences in terms of political and social
stability within the economically developing countries (Demidenko, and et. al., 2019). In better
the development of developing country, agriculture plays a crucial role within the rural
development especially in the use of land where the sector is of less economical important. In
this the important potential contributions of farming within agriculture sector within rural
development are depicting the several term such as supporting job opportunities, environmental
services, ancillary businesses etc. In terms of peripheral regions or areas farming is very essential
within agriculture field because it supports the social and economic infrastructure. In these
5

policies related to rural development is exploiting the contribution of farming that reflects
improving on farm activities and supporting ancillary services that helps in securing the
sustainable development for rural areas and regions.
2.1 The role of agriculture in facilitating better development
With the regards to the development of agriculture within an society, there are several
factors which are basically related to different factors which may be used and manage as per the
role of agricultural society due to agricultural conditions, geographic location, natural resources
in order to determine agricultural conditions in different sector such as Uganda, Zambia, Ghana
and Ethiopia. As per the view point of Barrett And et.al., (2021) identified as per the various
factor that may be related to different factors which are used to determine the various factor in
the role of agriculture in the developing countries like UK, USA, and Europe in the globalization
process such as related to value chain, rapid technologies and many of the institutional
development, innovation, and many environmental development and there changes. It is the
recognition that are used and effective for different economic development and work as per the
defining different and important aspect which are not essential to work as per understanding in
development of social transformation which are considered to central objectives for the
development of rural sectors. On the other hand, Hochberg, (2021) identified that the use of
Nigerian government and authorities introduced the different set of policies which are help them
to work and ensure the activation for the role of agricultural. In the absence of different set of
agricultural policies are mainly related to activation of agricultural. But at the same time in
absence of agricultural countries inadequate funds and proper implementation are become the
reason for for enlisting the new policies and make social economic reforms which played a
significant role in order to increase and influenced the adjustment policies in Chinese economy
and economy development. Further said that having a large economic development and of the
non-agricultural development, which include industrial sectors. Here are many sector which may
related to Chinese economy and make an adjusted policies further which will related to economic
and structural changes in the Chinese economy of the country. As per Linke and Ruether, (2021)
Further they stated that the use of productivities in many agricultural labour and land are work as
per different subsidies and support which make an high impact that effectively work on
agriculture sectors in many of the Asian countries. All of these policies are related to the
6

development and essential in order to ascertain and make successful growth in development of
agricultural and make significant sources within the society. Sustainable development in the
agricultural concept is basically related to farming and use effective sustainable development. All
is related to society's food security, textile industry and make compromising future of different
generation and their daily basic needs. As per the view point of Siddiqui, 2021; the land reforms
in South Africa, did not make effective policies which are being dependent on rural inequality.
For instance they are using land reforms measures in Libya and make changes in big urban-
based absentees for the land owners. Agriculture is one of the enormous environmental structure
and points, that actually play an significant role for becoming the reason in climate change, water
scarcity, different type of land degradation, deforestation and many more changes which are
related to many other process. This will related to different agricultural and sustainable
development that make a growing population within the changing environment of country in
different environmental conditions. This is actually a debatable definition in order to analysis and
use sustainability development of regarding agriculture. There are lots of ethics and agriculture
in order to moral obligation to work and major for pursue in order to make sustainability
approaches.
2.1.1 Agricultural and economic development
Across the world, the share of economic growth and contribution technological
management which are related to about 32% of the population are getting employed through
major population and their valuable resourceful task which are related to the different challenges
and practical approaches which are used and manage as per the basic integrity and definite
solution. Which actually affect the growth and sector of GDP in order to analysis the economic
development. As per the view of Shuaibu and Nchake, (2021 )the physical and economic
climates that are related to different countries, as the lack of natural resources are relatable for
considering slow rain fall and having fresh water supply chain in order to access the limited data.
The countries economy are related to the growth and access of dependence through agricultural,
the most of the population are related to different threats for food insecurity without facing the
sustainability and make agricultural industry (Agriculture and Economic Development, 2021).
The resident who are living in Libya during the crises are experience different life of food desert
which actually force them to forgo to work and complete the necessities which are likely to use
7

in medical pay for certain the access. Which are related to development for the important to
mention with the line of correspondent to international standard industrial classification. Which
are related to 1-5 division and represent forestay, hunting and fishery, cultivation of crops and
livestock production. Agoubi, (2021) With the view point of, the productivity of cereal has been
increasing in Libya and manage sources which are related to the different growth thorough the
world. Counting the impact on the farmers and ranchers are to be productive, such as different
equipment on purchases and make maintenance. There are difference sector which are related to
crop protection products, research and large development process for managing the high standard
and make growth in the financial services and make transportation. Grynberg and Singogo,
(2021); Hence it can be said that the agricultural department are more related to successful and
make importance which are declining in the overall economy and country. While in the
agricultural sector, oil sector will become more successful and make appropriate growth and
success in the oil sector. All of these are related to the growth and advantages of country in
relating different sectors. Further, some other nation such as Saudi Arabia, Libya, and Kuwait are
working on the dependent form oil exports and imports in order to support their GDP and their
basic roles. As per the view point of Mundy, (2021); it is suggested that most if the modern
agricultural policies the centre of many middle eastern countries which are related to economic
development and their basic growth. All of the growth are related top the discovery of oil sector
and middle eastern countries are effectively associated with the witnesses and notable changes in
the form of new role of market and work as per the technological and institutional development
and innovation within the role and growth of sectors. All of the resources are related to the
growth of economic development and major practices which affect GDP. Saleh, (2021); Since
1982, different agricultural and non-agricultural activities are related to the sustainability. All of
these are work and make witnessed for the great notable changes in the terms of new role of
markets, which are basically related to the technological and major institutional innovation, role
of different sector which are related to private, civil society and make a new context for the
growth of emerging technologies in agricultural area.
In terms of Libya country having a 90% of dessert that eliminates the use of land within
the agricultural field. In terms of water resources within Libya there is high shortage of water
supply would be faced by government and farmers that limits the agricultural production within
the country. In context of Libya, it is a country that is denoted as most driest country within the
8