Agroforestry: Species Recommendation, Soil Analysis, Establishment Procedures, and Financial Model

This article discusses agroforestry and its benefits. It covers species recommendation, soil analysis, establishment procedures, and financial models. It also includes tax laws, structural implements, planning requirements, and a financial model. The article is relevant for students studying agroforestry and related subjects.

Running head: AGROFORESTRY
AGROFORESTRY
Name of Student
Institution Affiliation

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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT...............................................................................................................................2
TABLE OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
Species description..................................................................................................................................5
Soil and ground environment analysis and consequent species recommendation for the site......................6
Type of Soil by Land Zone......................................................................................................................6
Bushfire Hazards.....................................................................................................................................6
Overland Flows.......................................................................................................................................7
Recommendation for the integration of tree planting with other farm uses.................................................7
Description of establishment procedures, silvicultural regimes and management objectives including
carbon budgets.............................................................................................................................................9
Establishment procedures........................................................................................................................9
silvicultural regimes..............................................................................................................................10
Management objectives.........................................................................................................................10
Analysis of tax law, structural implements, planning requires and financial model..................................11
Tax law..................................................................................................................................................11
Structural impediments..........................................................................................................................15
Planning requires and financial model...................................................................................................16
REFERENCE............................................................................................................................................16

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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Showing the map of Campbell pocket.............................................................................4
Figure 2: Showing an overview of Campbell pocket......................................................................4
Figure 3: Showing the risk of bushfire overlay...............................................................................5
Figure 4: Showing overland flow overlay.......................................................................................6
Figure 5: Showing the tree planting being incorporated with the other land use in Campbell
pocket...............................................................................................................................................8
Figure 6: Showing a graph of Net Present Value against discount..............................................10

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INTRODUCTION
This whole farm plan analyses the Campbell pocket property having an area size of 168
400m2 and it is located in South East Queensland. The land is operating as a commercial banana
farm, it also has exotic trees species like Eucalyptus tereticornis which are used for timber. This
farm plan hence seeks to scrutinize the objective of the land such that it incorporates the native
trees into being used for commercial purposes. The plan of the agroforestry will hence
recommend and give the solution to the land´s owner. And this is conducted with the main
objective of making the system of the farm to be resilient, diverse and being capable to give the
several outputs and income sources in perpetuity (O’Connor, 2014). The land can be illustrated
in the figure below;
Figure 1: Showing the map of Campbell pocket
The farm where the whole farm plan analysis is conducted is just 20 hectares, in this piece of
land, there are a lot of banana planted together with the trees which are planted by the side of the

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farms (planted to separate blocks of land used for planting the banana). The trees are basically
planted for the harvest of timber.
Species description
The common plant in this area is banana which is grown in 20 ha, it is banana which is
planted while the trees are planted by the sides of the farm. The trees (Eucalyptus tereticornis) is
planted for just about 10ha of the land. The spacing of banana is 2.7 x 1.2m this will give 3.24 m
2 from this we can obtain the number of banana in the farm. 20 ha will be 200000 m2, therefore,
the farm will have at least 61728 holes where banana are planted. So if the required number per
hole of banana is maintained at five then the total number of banana trees will be 5× 61728, this
will give 308640 trees of banana. Some of the species planted in this farm include Silver
Bluggoe and Musa balbisiana.
The temperature requirement for banana is 20 to 350C. Banana requires adequate light to
help in photosynthesis, in a day banana requires a limit of light of a range of 10 to 14 hours of
daylight. The rainfall required for the growth of banana is 25 mm per week and in case this
cannot be attained then some irrigation is conducted like in this area this threshold cannot be
reached every time through normal rain so some irrigation is done. The altitude required for the
growth of banana is basically 1500 meters above sea level. Banana is generally is grown in the
most soil but it actually does well in a soil of a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 but it is not tolerable to
the salty soils.
The spacing of the Eucalyptus tereticornis is about 2.7 by 2.7 m this will give 7.29m2
from this we can calculate the number of Eucalyptus tereticornis tree in this land by dividing the
10,000 by 7.29 which will give 13717 trees. There are also some Eucalyptus tereticornis which
are planted by the sides of the farm. The Eucalyptus tereticornis planted by the farm sides can be

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calculated; assume the land is a square then each side will be √ 200000 = 447 tress. Therefore
the total number of Eucalyptus tereticornis will be 447 +13717 trees = 14164 trees. The above
climatic conditions for the growth of banana species favored the growth of Eucalyptus
tereticornis
And the diagram below shows an overview of Campbell pocket
Figure 2: Showing an overview of Campbell pocket
Soil and ground environment analysis and consequent species recommendation for the site.
Type of Soil by Land Zone
The land of Campbell pocket is in zone 11 which represents the patent material of some
rocks as metamorphic that are generally linked to the hills and lowland. The soil in Campbell
pocket are basically shallow with large gravel on the ground (Library, 2011). The type of soil
here includes the Tenosols, Rudosols, Chromosols and Sodosols (which are basically found in
the undulating slopes). The land of the Campbell pocket has a low to moderate in the soil´s
fertility.

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Bushfire Hazards
There were some risks which were associated with the site under analysis, this was very
common in the North West of the Campbell pocket. Therefore this will have to give some plan in
which these risks can be combated using some strategic plans like the establishment of the fire
trails in this Zone. And the fire plan for the encounter of this risk is illustrated in figure 1 below;
Figure 3: Showing the risk of bushfire overlay
Overland Flows
There drainage lines and the temporary rivers which flows through the Land, the flow of
these streams and rivers can cause some problem to the site like flooding which affects the
farming. The streams will also affect the navigation of the land hence there need to be a
recommendation for the site to enable perfect operation of the key activity of the land (Elizabeth
Henderson, 2011). This is because during the period of heavy downpours and the events of
storms are probably make the water to flow through the streamline which is indicated in figure 2
below. Therefore the suitable recommendation to help curb this is to construct some dams to help

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harvest water during the rainy seasons which will hence be used in irrigation of the land during
the dry seasons.
Figure 4: Showing overland flow overlay
Recommendation for the integration of tree planting with other farm uses
Before any tree is integrated with other trees in the land it is highly recommended that the
site need to be prepared. And in the preparation of the land includes the treatment of the weeds
which involves ploughing of the section of the site in question. But currently, heavy machinery
has not been used in the slop hence the soil does not seem to be compacted in such areas hence it
is easily dug as water moves into the ground (Campbell, 2010). In case the location was not as
steep a ripper spot would have been recommended. Land preparation will be kept to organic
items as this in line with the organization arrangement for the property. Manures will be an
organic seaweed blend, acquired in bulk and applied as per the plantation plan.

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Manual scalping and evacuating of weeds around the tree planting areas may be
conceivable but is work seriously, a broad-spectrum natural herbicide is recommended for
utilization of nearby manual evacuation (John L. Dillon, 2010). As per the schedule of the land
use holes are dug to help in plating the new trees in the land. And this goes one other and uses
like other farming activities like vegetation farming goes on. The tree planting is also very
important as it can supply shade to vegetables which require shade as they grow. Tree planting
also help other farm uses as a tree will be used to reduce the speed of winds hence reduces the
soil erosion due to wind. And also spoil erosion due to water because of perfect soil cover
generated by the planted trees (Laffan, 2016). The diagram below illustrates the tree planting
being incorporated with the other land use in Campbell pocket.
Figure 5: Showing the tree planting being incorporated with the other land use in Campbell
pocket

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Description of establishment procedures, silvicultural regimes and management objectives
including carbon budgets.
Establishment procedures
This chapter basically addresses the recommended procedures for the land use of
Campbell pocket. Because the land had been in the cultivation of banana for so many years that
is since 1996 there is a higher possibility that there are some chemicals in the land especially the
nematode chemical employed in the management of nematicides (National Research Council,
2012). These chemicals are perilous and are capable of moving the entire soil profile. Again it is
very hard to use mechanical cultivation due to the nature of topography of the land which is
sloppy nature. The other part of the land will be employing the use of harvesting which is highly
selective (selective harvesting) will not need the tree establishment procedure to happen since the
tree replacement from this will be from the natural regeneration.
silvicultural regimes
Silviculture is any taken action to help control and management of the forest growth.
This help involves the fertilizer usage, thinning of the forest trees and also pruning. This chapter
also elaborates the schedule of pruning and thinning. The benefit of conducting silviculture
treatment should not be overemphasized since it is vital to keep the good quality salable tree by
the end of the period of rotation (OECD, 2012). And since this whole farm plan is basically
concentrated on the banana then we will analyses how the growth of banana is controlled. When
the banana growth is not controlled then suckers can grow and this can result in unwanted plants
which will also affect the productivity of the banana in a banana group.

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The more the banana in a group the more the diseases since the busy banana can hide
some pests which will hence affect banana´s health. Silviculture is hence very significant for the
growth of banana in this land. It is advisable to have at least five to six trees of banana in one
group. And for the Eucalyptus tereticornis plantation, unwanted trees should be cut down to
make the forest clear and make the Eucalyptus tereticornis do well to give quality timber. At the
same time pruning is done on Eucalyptus tereticornis to help them have quality timber, this is
always done after every 1 year. And for the banana pruning and thinning are done at the same
time which is done once every 2 months. The cost of undertaking all these are relatively lower
which will still enable the farm owners to get some profit from the farm.
Management objectives
The sequestration and the content of carbon are also very vital for the farm plantation of
banana. The approximate biomass stem in this area is about 1708m3. The carbon dioxide
obtained from the carbon through conversion by multiplying the amount of carbon by 3.67. And
because the carbon tons in this region was approximated to be 854 tonnes hence the carbon (IV)
oxide will be 3134.18 tonnes. In the new carbon pricing, the average price for every tonne is at
about $ 12.
Analysis of tax law, structural implements, planning requires and financial model
Tax law
The farm enterprise developed and it was anticipated for sales of farm products like Banana
which was the key enterprise of the production of the farm products. In that regards planted
banana in this locality will be discussed under the same tax regime like other enterprises for

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agriculture like cattle agriculture. And since it is key products in this area there are some
conclusion presents for real business expenses. Below are some conclusions from the farm
operation in Campbell pocket.
 The price Purchase paid to obtain a plantation of banana and Eucalyptus tereticornis.
 Amount of money released for the right to chop a tree in making timber.
 Worth of standing trees out in modern business.
 Prices of founding a plantation of Eucalyptus tereticornis and banana species.
 The tending cost a forest and banana plantation and forest.
 The price of cutting and transportation of banana and timber.
 Construction cost to enable accessing the road.
The Net Present Value (NPV) is calculated using the following value;
NPV= CF
¿ ¿
NPV = 70,000
¿ ¿
NPV = 70000
¿ ¿

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NPV= 70000
1.34391
NPV= $ 52086.57
For cash flow of $ 50,000
NPV= CF
¿ ¿
NPV = 50,000
¿ ¿
NPV = 50,000
¿ ¿
NPV= 50,000
1.96715
NPV= $ 25417.46

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For cash flow of $ 23,000
NPV= CF
¿ ¿
NPV = 23,000
¿ ¿
NPV = 23,000
¿ ¿
NPV= 23,000
2.36736
NPV= $ 9715.448
For cash flow of $ 4000
NPV= CF
¿ ¿
NPV = 4000
¿ ¿

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NPV = 4000
¿ ¿
NPV= 4000
3.39457
NPV= $ 1178.3534
And the NPV can be calculated from the below values in the table;
Table 1: Showing a cash flow and NPV calculation
NPV ($) Discount rate
(%)
Cash Flow ($) N ( years)
52086.57 3 70,000 10
25417.46 7 50,000 10
9715.448 9 23,000 10
1178.3534 13 4000 10
From the calculations above the graph is calculated as below;

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Figure 6: Showing a graph of Net Present Value against discount
Costing and charges of labor
In managing the size of the trees and banana in this farm, some pruning and thinning
need to be done. Basically the cost of thinning of banana per hectare is about $ 17 while the cost
of pruning of Eucalyptus tereticornis in the Eucalyptus tereticornis plantation was about $ 20 for
every hectare. For both banana plantation and Eucalyptus tereticornis weeding is required which
is approximated to be $ 70 for every hectare. The seedlings of both banana and Eucalyptus
tereticornis were planted at a cost of about $ 30 and $ 40 respectively for every hectare. For
banana, the interval of pruning and thinning is done after every 2 months while for the
Eucalyptus tereticornis the pruning is always done after every 1 year.

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Structural impediments
There are 2 restrictive factors which can impede the lucratively of the Banana plantation
for the available market. Such constraints involve the available land size for use as well as the
market forces which results in the small enterprise. Since the site is just 4 ha present for
plantation there is decreased capacity sway the mill on the cost as well as the present Banana
amount at the end of the rotation (Jill M. Reinhart, 2010). In spite of this, markets have to be
investigated encourage for value including purposes. On location, the processing is an alternative
with online promoting and deals getting to be more readily accessed and accessible to offer
products. Diminishing materials may be sold on in this way moreover (J B Dent, 2013). Create
wood for climbing canes, kindling deals etc. seem all diversify the potential capabilities of the
property to create pay (Andrew Claridge, 2011). Coppice regrowth is another road of income
which will give wage sources.
Planning requires and financial model
The banana plantation will mainly be grown as the business of small scale ventures which
will have extra benefit like a shelter for livestock as well as the soil stabilization (Kay, 2011).
This section hence analyses the financial constraints and also the profitability of the products
obtained in this local which can limit the plantation viability. In this part, the cost of insurance
can as well as be calculated.
REFERENCE

AGROFORESTRY 18
Andrew Claridge, D. H. (2011). Plant on Farms: How to Conserve Native platations. Chicago:
Csiro Publishing.
Campbell, A. (2010). Planning for Sustainable Farming: The Potter Farmland Plan Story. New
York: Lothian Books.
Elizabeth Henderson, K. N. (2011). Whole-Farm Planning: Ecological Imperatives, Personal
Values, and Economics. Hawaii: Chelsea Green Publishing.
J B Dent, S. R. (2013). Farm Planning with Linear Programming: Concept and Practice.
Leicester: Elsevier.
Jill M. Reinhart, K. A. (2010). Water Utility/agricultural Alliances: Working Together for
Cleaner Water. Chicago: American Water Works Association.
John L. Dillon, J. B. (2010). Farm Management Research for Small Farmer Development.
Florida: Food and Agriculture.
Kay, R. D. (2011). Farm Management: Planning, Control, and Implementation. Hull: McGraw-
Hill.
Laffan, J. (2016). Organic Farming: An Introduction. Leicester: NSW Agriculture.
Library, N. A. (2011). Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862-1965.
Chicago: Rowman and Littlefield.
National Research Council, D. o. (2012). Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply:
Assessing the New York City Strategy. Hull: National Academies Press.
O’Connor, R. (2014). Campbell: the Prince Edward Island premier who rocked the cradle. Hull:
Robertson Library, University of Prince Edward Island.

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OECD. (2012). Environmental Indicators for Agriculture Vol. 1: Concepts and Framework Vol.
2: Issues and Design -- "The York Workshop": Vol. 1: Concepts and Framework Vol. 2:
Issues and Design -- "The York Workshop. Chicago: OECD Publishing.