Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Supply Chain Management in Associated British Food Plc

This study analyses the impact of artificial intelligence on supply chain management in Associated British Food Plc. It outlines the importance of setting research objectives and provides a literature review. The data analysis shows that AI is beneficial for managing the supply chain effectively. The study recommends conducting market research before installing AI in the company.

Project 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the completion of the project I would like to acknowledge my humble gratitude
towards my supervisor for providing their guidance. Further it would also like to extend my
thanks to my parents and friends and peers for supporting me throughout the dissertation.
Thanks you.

ABSTRACT
The current study is based on the impact of artificial intelligence over the supply chain
management in Associated British Food Plc. The current study also analysed the importance of
the setting of the aim and objectives of the study. This is because of the reason that the aim and
objectives provides a base for the researchers to conduct the study. this is necessary because it
will guide the researcher to effectively complete the study in better and effective manner. Further
literature review highlighted that the major impact created by the artificial intelligence is
increase in efficiency of the company and employees. Along with this RM highlighted that use of
qualitative and secondary sources is beneficial. In the end the data analysis highlighted that the
artificial intelligence is very beneficial for the company in managing the supply chain
management in better and effective manner. At last the recommendation was provided to
company that they must effectively conduct the market research before installing the AI in the
company.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................5
Background.................................................................................................................................5
Aims and objectives....................................................................................................................6
Significance.................................................................................................................................7
Rationale.....................................................................................................................................7
Dissertation structure..................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................16
CHAPTER 4- DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................31
Conclusion................................................................................................................................31
Recommendation......................................................................................................................32
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................34

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Background
In the current competitive working environment the technology is expanding and it is
very necessary for the business to use all the latest techniques so that they can gain a competitive
advantage. The current pandemic situation has affected the working efficiency of the companies
to a great extent. with respect to the supply chain the use of new technology is very necessary as
it will be increasing the efficiency of the business to a great extent (Naz and et.al., 2021). the AI
is being defined as the simulation of the intelligence of humans within the machine so that they
can act like humans. The supply chain management is the framework which includes
management and flow of goods and services from raw material to finished goods. The pandemic
situation has affected the supply chain to a great extent, but the use of latest technology like AI
can be assistive in effective management of supply.
The current study is based on Associated British Foods plc which is a multinational food
processing and retailing company. The company was founded in the year 1935 by W. Garfield
Weston and deals in ingredient division and is the second largest producer of baker’s yeast and
sugar. The company deal in wide range of product and services and this particularly involves
international food, different ingredient, retail products and many other different range. The
company also employs approximately 128000 number of employees all of the world (ABF at a
glance, 2022). along with this the company also operates in 53 countries and consumers comes
from more than 100 countries.

(Source: ABF at a glance, 2022)
The current study will outline the analysis of the role of artificial intelligence within the
supply chain management (Baryannis and et.al., 2019). Also the various methods will be
outlined which will help in completing the study successfully. Moreover, the data will be
analysed with help of the secondary sources and this will make the attainment of research
objectives in correct and efficient manner.
Aims and objectives
Aim
To examine the use of artificial intelligence within the supply chain management for overcoming
impact of pandemic. A study on Associated British Foods plc.
Objectives
 To articulate understanding relating to concept of artificial intelligence and supply chain
management.
 To analyse the impact of using artificial intelligence within the management of supply
chain after pandemic for Associated British Food plc.
 To evaluate the challenges which Associated British Food plc will be facing after
implementation of artificial intelligence.

 To recommend some of the ways in which the challenges can be overcame by Associated
British Food plc.
Research questions
1. What is the concept of artificial intelligence and supply chain management?
2. What is the impact of using AI in supply chain management after pandemic?
3. What are the different challenges faced after implementation of AI into practice?
4. What are the various recommendation for overcoming the challenges of AI?
Significance
In the modern and advance world, the use of technology is very necessary to be
implemented. The reason underlying this fact is that the external environment is very competitive
and in case companies will not be working efficiently then this will be affecting the profitability
and working. The current topic that is impact of AI in supply chain management is of
significance as it includes the analysis of the latest technology within the supply chain post
pandemic (Spanaki and et.al., 2021). This will help Associated British Food plc in analysing the
impact of AI and the challenges which they will be facing after implementation of AI. Along
with this, the current study is also of significance to the competitors of Associated British Food
plc as they can also analyse the impact and thereafter they can implement the AI in their supply
chain as well.
Rationale
The main reason for the present study to be conducted is to analyse the impact of using
AI within the supply chain management for overcoming negative impact of pandemic. The
current pandemic has affected the working efficiency of companies to a great extent and this
study will outline that how the AI can be used to improve the supply chain management in better
and effective manner (Dash and et.al., 2019). Along with this another reason for this topic to be
selected is that supply chain is the main part within the company as in case raw material or
finished product will not be provided on time then this can affect the profitability of the
company. another reason for selection of this research topic is the personal and academic interest
of the researchers themselves.
Dissertation structure
Chapter 1- Introduction

This is the chapter which creates a base for the whole research and assist the researcher in
making aim and objectives. Also, the chapter highlights the rationale and the significance
relating to the research topic that is impact of AI in supply chain management of the company.
Chapter 2- Literature review
This is another chapter which includes the analysis of the different secondary sources
relating to the research topic. There are already many different types of the study which have
been conducted prior to the present study. thus, it will be included in the analysis of the current
research topic. Here different themes will be made on basis of objectives and then it will be
supported by different types of the authors.
Chapter 3- Research methods
This is the third chapter which outlines the list of different methods which are being used
in order to complete the study in better and effective manner. There are different types of data
analysis and collected method and this chapter will outline the selected methodology for the
attainment of present research objectives and questions.
Chapter 4- Data analysis and interpretation
This chapter is the main for the success of the research because in case the data will not
be analysed in proper manner then this will be affecting the successful completion the project.
This chapter will include the use of secondary sources to gather and analyse the data. The
secondary sources the already existing sources like books, journal, articles and others.
Chapter 5- Conclusion and recommendation
This is the last chapter which comes after the analysis of the data and here the major
finding is being concluded. The conclusion is being provided for the whole project and also
according to the conclusion some recommendation for improvement will also be provided.

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The literature review is being defined as the analysis of the different sources which can
be used in order to analyse the research topic in better and effective manner. These different
sources assist the researcher in developing theoretical knowledge relating to the research topic.
Present chapter will be outlining the different themes relating to the objectives of the research
and the different viewpoints of authors relating to the research topic.
Theme 1- Understanding of artificial intelligence and supply chain management
In accordance to the views of Nayal and et.al., (2021) the use of latest technology is very
necessary for working in this highly competitive environment. The reason underlying this fact is
that when the latest technology will be used then this will be improving the efficiency of the
business. The current pandemic has affected the working efficiency of the company to a great
extent. there are many different types of the business areas which have been affected by
pandemic and ultimately it affected the profitability of the company in a great manner. The
supply chain was the department which was majorly affected by pandemic and this affected the
overall working of the company. The reason underlying this fact is that due to pandemic this
transportation was stopped and this affected the working of the company to a great extent. this is
because when the raw material will not be provided appropriately then this will be affecting the
profitability of the company.
On the other side, Chen and Biswas (2021) argued that the implementation of the latest
technology will be helping the company in improving the working efficiency of the company to
a great extent. the reason underlying this fact is that the technology is the one which makes the
operations of company in better and effective manner. Hence, for this artificial intelligence is the
technique which will be assistive to a great extent. this AI is a technology which help the
company in creating the simulation of human intelligence within the machine that assist the
company in managing the work with help of technology. This is very helpful for the company to
manage the change in better and effective manner. This use of AI within the supply chain
management will be helping the company in improving its supply chain in better and effective
manner.
Along with this, Belhadi and et.al., (2021) articulated that the use of AI within the supply
chain management will be improved. The reason underlying for this is that the working

efficiency and the supply chain management is being improved and this will help the company in
managing its performance to a great extent. The use of technology is very significant in
managing the working efficiency of company and this will assist the business in analysing and
improving the working capability of the employees. This will increase the profitability of the
company as when good and latest technology is being used then it motivates the employees to
work in better and effective manner. The technology makes the work of employees less and they
just have to monitor the working of technology that is whether it is completing the work in
appropriate manner or not.
Theme 2- Impact of using artificial intelligence in management of supply chain post
pandemic.
With the views of Nahr, Nozari and Sadeghi (2021) the use of AI within the supply chain
is beneficial for the companies in improving the performance post pandemic. The pandemic
created a negative impact over the performance of the company and this resulted in decline in
profits and working efficiency of company. the impact of using the AI within the supply chain
management creates majorly the positive impact over the working of company. This is because
of the reason that when the working of the company will be good then this will be positively
improving the working capability of the company and employees as well. When appropriate
technology is being used and implemented within the company then this will be improving the
efficiency of employees and their interest will also be developed.
Along with this Das and et.al., (2021) stated that major positive impact being created by
use of AI in supply chain involves the accurate management of inventory. This is because of the
reason that in case the technology will be used in proper and effective manner. The technology
will guide the employees that how they can improve the working of the supply chain and manage
the inventory in better and effective manner. When the calculation and ordering of the inventory
will be done with help of the technology then there will not be any manual problem and this will
be improving the efficiency of the business in better and effective manner. This is very necessary
for the reason that when the working of AI will be done in proper manner then this will be
improving the efficiency of the business to a great extent.
Moreover, in support of this Modgil, Singh and Hannibal (2021) agreed that many
positive impact is being created by the use of AI over the supply chain. This is particularly
because of the reason that when the it increases the efficiency of the company and the supply

chain management on time. The another major impact being created by the use of AI is that it
assists in optimising the routes of transportation and selecting the best suited. This will help the
company in analysing the different routes through which the material can be bought and sold.
Thus, analysing the best suited way and selecting it is being done with help of AI. Hence, this
will improve the efficiency of the working of the company and the supply chain in proper and
effective manner. Thus, the selection of the best route to transfer the material will result in saving
time as well in transportation. This is because of the reason that when the best and optimum
route will be selected then this will be improving the efficiency of the business to a great extent
and time taken in supply will also be reduced.
Along with this Dosdoğru, Boru İpek and Göçken, (2021) stated that another impact
which use of AI within supply chain creates over working of company is effective warehouse
management. This is because of the reason that when the material will be coming on time and is
being processed on time then this will be improving the efficiency of the company. hence, when
the working that is coming and processing of the raw material will be done on time then this will
be increasing the warehouse management to a great extent. The reason underlying this fact is that
when the processing of the material will be done on time then it will be transported to the
consumer on time. Thus, the warehouse will be managed in proper and effective manner. Also
this will improve the working efficiency of the company and as a result of this the working of the
company.
In against of this Belhadi and et.al., (2021) argued that the use of AI also creates a good
impact over the profitability of the company. This is because of the reason that when the working
of the supply chain will be linked with the use of latest technology then it will be increasing the
efficiency of the company. this is because of the reason that when the material will be produced
on time then it will be delivered to the consumers on time. Hence, this will be increasing the
quantity of sales for the company and ultimately it will be increasing the profitability of the
company. This is particularly because of the reason that when the working and management of
raw material and finished good will be proper then it will be improving the profit earning
capacity of the company in better and effective manner.
Furthermore, on contradictory note Dhamija and Bag (2020) criticized the fact that when
the AI is being used within the company then this makes the working improved and in better
terms. Hence, this provides a competitive advantage to work and gain a secure position against

the competitor. hence, this improves the efficiency of the company and AI also assist in product
tracing. In case the company is having different types of the product range then this improves the
efficiency of the business. but it is necessary for the company that all the product must be
working in better and effective manner then only it will provide a competitive advantage. Hence,
the use of AI assists the company in analysing the products which are performing well and the
product that require improvement. This is assistive to the company because it will help them to
take proper and effective decision and it will improve the working efficiency of the business and
the employees as well. this use of AI will be helping the company in increasing the efficiency of
the product and try to improve the working capability of every range of the different product.
Also the product tracing will help company in evaluating and tracking the fact where the
products are being prepared and what other material is being used in order to develop the
product.
Along with this Dash and et.al., (2019) states that another impact created by AI over the
management of supply chain and performance of the company is that it assists in effective
planning. This is particularly because of the reason that when the data is being forecasted in
proper manner then this improves the working condition of the company. this is because of the
reason that it increases the planning capability of the person to a great extent. The reason behind
this fact is that when the company will be having AI installed then this will be increasing the
planning capability of the company and better decision would have been taken.
Furthermore, Calatayud, Mangan and Christopher (2018) stated that use of AI also assists
in evaluating the different vendors or the suppliers and best alternative can be selected. There are
many different types of the suppliers who provides for the supplies to the company. But it is not
necessary that all the suppliers will be charging proper rates. Hence, this will be affecting the
business and the working of the supply chain to a great extent. thus, the AI and other technology
assist the company in evaluating the different vendors and select the best alternatives which
provides the material of good quality and at low rates. There are many raw material providers
which involves different cost and benefit so it is very necessary for the company to select that
vendor who is not having too high cost but the benefits provided are more. Thus, for this it is
necessary that company must critically evaluate the different raw material provider and then
select the one which provides maximum of the benefits to the company.

Along with this Helo and Hao, (2021) stated that another impact being created by use of
AI over the supply chain management is that it will result in timely delivery of the products. This
is pertaining to the fact that when the raw material and the other products will be managed on
time then this will be affecting the efficiency of the whole supply chain. This will improve the
working of the company and the products and it will be delivered on time. This is because of the
reason that when the effective management of the inventory will be present then this will be
improving the efficiency of the business to a great extent. also it will result in on time delivery of
the goods and services in better and effective manner. Along with this the analysis and
evaluation of the inventory management will be helpful in managing the work and
accomplishing the objectives on time and will improve the efficiency of the business to a great
extent.
Furthermore, Riahi and et.al., (2021) stated that use of AI and other related technology
will also be impacting the efficiency of the company in better and effective manner. This is very
necessary for the reason that when the working of the company will be based on the use of AI
and other technology then the efficiency will be increased. Also which will result in enhancing
the safety and security at the workplace. This is very necessary for the reason that in case the AI
and technology is being used then this will be affecting the efficiency of the company to a great
extent. it will be increasing the effectiveness of all the operations of the company and will be
improving the effective working of the business and ultimately the profits will be increased.
Theme 3- Challenges which the company faces because of implementation of AI in supply
chain.
In the views of Koh, Orzes and Jia, (2019) the implementation of AI that is artificial
intelligence is very beneficial for the company and its improvement. This is because of the
reason that it increases the efficiency of the inventory and result in on time delivery of the
products to the consumer. Hence, this ultimately results in increase in profitability of the
company. but then also there are different types of the challenges which the company and the
employees will be facing with regards to the effective use of the AI within the supply chain
management. These challenges restrict the working of the company and it might affect the
working capability of the employees as well.
In accordance to the views of Hennelly and et.al., (2020) the major challenge being faced
by the company after the implementation of the AI is the determining the right set of data. This is

the major challenge as in case the data selection will not be good then the estimation of the
inventory will not be appropriate. Hence, it is a challenge because in case there will be issue in
analysing the data then this will be affecting the working efficiency of the whole supply chain.
Moreover, the proper selection of the data can be affected by the capability of the person
selecting the data. In case the person is not efficient enough then this which will be affecting the
selection of the data and result will not be accurate and precise. Also the whole working of AI is
dependent over the data and in case data will not be appropriate then it will be impacting the
overall working of the company to a great extent.
Furthermore, Baryannis and et.al., (2019) stated that another challenge being faced by the
use of AI within the company is increase in the cost of business. This is because of the reason
that there are different types of the element necessary to be attached with AI and these need to be
installed. Hence, this requires the additional cost which company has to pay. Thus, this will be
increasing the overall cost of the company. Along with this there is also the requirement of time
to time updates relating to the technology and this also need to be upgraded which also involves
cost. Hence, this whole implementation of the project of AI includes a lot of cost and this can
increase the expense for the company. Thus, after the implementation of AI within the company
the cost of the company will be continuously increasing and this will be affecting the
profitability and cost structure of the company to a great extent.
In support of this Toorajipour and et.al., (2021) stated that providing continuous training
and development is also very necessary for the company. this is particularly because of the
reason that it is not necessary that the employees know the concept and use of AI within the
supply chain and operations of the company. Hence for this there is requirement of continuous
training to the employees so that they can use the technology in better and effective manner.
Along with this there are also many different changes being taking place in the external
environment and these need to be implemented within the company so that modified version of
the technology can be used. Hence, continuous training need to be provided to the employees
such that they can adapt to each and every change in better and effective manner. Also, when the
continuous training will be provided to the employees then they will be connected with the
company for long and ultimately the profits of the company will be increased.
On the contradictory note Baryannis and et.al., (2019) argued that another challenge
which is being faced by companies at time of implementation of AI is the infrastructure. This

simply means that for the effective analysis and implementation of the AI the proper and good
infrastructure need to be provided. This is necessary because in case the infrastructure will not be
good then this will be affecting the working efficiency and the technology to a great extent.
Hence, this poses a challenge for the company as they have to manage the infrastructure all the
time when any updates need to be implemented then in that case the company need to do hard
work in order to implement the new changes in better and effective manner.
Along with this Singh and Singh (2020) articulated that the another challenge faced by
the companies at time of implementation of the AI within company is that it involves use of
complex algorithms and AI models. Hence, for this it makes it difficult for the employees and
companies to understand the technology in better terms. Thus, this makes the working of the
company hard as they have to understand those complex project and algorithms and then work
accordingly. Hence, it is very essential for the reason that when the complex algorithms will
have needed to be understand in better manner such that the working can be improved. But this
will take a lot of time and also the cost will be increased. In addition to this, it might be possible
that there is requirement of hiring some professional and this will be improving the efficiency of
the company. Hence, this will be improving the efficiency of the business but it will be
increasing the working efficiency but only involvement is increase in cost of the company.
Conclusion
In the end from the LR chapter it is concluded that use and implementation of AI is very
important in order to improve the working efficiency of the business. This is very necessary for
the reason that when the AI will be used then this will increase the efficiency of the business and
will improve the effectiveness of business and the employees as well. Further the chapter
analysed that there is positive impact being created with the use of AI like proper tracking of
inventory, production and other related decision. Along with this it was also inferred from
chapter that there are also different challenges being faced like increase in cost, arranging
different training session and others. But overall it can be concluded that the use of AI is very
important for the effective working and increasing the efficiency of supply chain.

CHAPTER 3- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
The particular chapter will focus on having the significant information regarding the
types of research, approach, philosophy, data collection method, analysis, etc. will be taken into
the process. This particular chapter in helpful in gaining the accurate insights about the
procedure to be followed for completing the aims and objectives in turn formulation of research
in the highly fair & precise manner can be obtained.
Research strategy
There are two strategies of the research which is basically taken into the consideration
for accomplishing the aim and objectives. This comprises qualitative and quantitative research
strategy that helps in understanding that which type of the data is take into consideration (Pandey
and Pandey, 2021). Qualitative research strategy is associate with having the information in
theoretical format so that significant insights regarding particular subject matter can be received.
On the other side, quantitative research is concerned with gathering numerical and fact based

data so that attaining the objectives in most structured format can become possible. For the
current study regarding assessing the use of artificial intelligence within supply chain
management for overcoming impact of pandemic, qualitative strategy of the research has been
used. The main reason behind utilization of the qualitative form research is to ascertain the
understanding relating to concept of AI and supply chain management. It has given emphasis on
having the significant information regarding the analysing the impact of using, evaluating
challenges and recommended strategies such objectives accomplishing can become possible.
Research approach
This is concerned with having the plan and procedure that consist of the steps of broad
assumptions regarding the detailed methods of data collections, analysis and interpretation.
Inductive and deductive are the two approaches which are helpful in using the specific kind of
the procedure via offering clarity regarding the data collection, analysing and interpreting.
Inductive approach is used in the qualitative research that is related with having the significant
observation to draw the pattern so that tentative hypothesis for applying the theory can become
possible. Deductive approach is related with using in the quantitative research that is used by
having the theory into the consideration, formulating hypothesis, observation and confirmation
achieving so that application. For the current investigation, there is utilization of inductive
approach as it is the qualitative form of the research which has permitted to accomplish the
objectives such as possessing the ability to collecting the data, analysing and interpreting the data
regarding understanding the concept., significance, impact and challenges can be identified. On
the basis of this, it can be articulated that accomplishing the objectives has become possible. In
addition to this, it can be specified that using the research approach such as inductive has helped
in having the observation from the secondary data sources so that reliable application of theory
can become possible.
Research philosophy
This is concerned with having the belief about the way in which data about a
phenomenon should be gathered analysed and used. In addition to this, it is taken into the
practice by the research for understanding that which kind of data is required, analysed and
interpreted so that meeting the objectives of particular investigation can become possible. There
are usually two types of philosophies such as interpretivsim and positivism. In the current
investigation regarding evaluating the use of artificial intelligence within the supply chain

management for overcoming impact of pandemic interpretivism as it is qualitative type of the
research. There are different kinds of the research objectives which includes understanding
concept, impact of using & evaluating challenges accomplishing can become possible. It is
helpful in gaining the precise ability via possessing clarity about the subject matter so that using
corrective form of information to complete the study in most accurate format has become
possible. The main reason behind using the particular form of interprevtivism research is
observe the data and interpreting in precise manner so that accomplishing the objective of
specific research in the most accurate pattern can be done.
Data collection
In order to complete the research in the most accurate and precise manner it is important
for the research to gather the corrective information which is relevant and reliable. Data
collection is one of the crucial part of the research methodology as it is basically concerned with
having the significant insights about the highlighted subject matter that can lead scholar to
accomplish the aim & research objectives. There are two methods such as primary and secondary
that provides assistance in gathering the information for accomplishing the particular aim and the
objectives. Primary data is basically related with having the information which is specially
gathered for the particular purpose and have not been used previously (Kayak and Singh, 2021).
The methods which is used for collecting the primary information comprises survey, interview,
observation, and focus group. The survey is done by using questionnaire & interview via check
list which allows gathering corrective views and experience of selected sampling size. On the
other side, secondary data collection is associated with having the significant information which
is already published and can be used for the multiple purposes. For collecting the secondary
information, the researcher has given focus on having the appropriate data from the books,
journals and articles that already published information can be obtained. In addition to this, for
the current research report the researcher has focused on using the secondary source of the
information so that attaining the varied form of data that is reliable and helpful in meeting the
objectives. The main reason behind using the secondary data source is that it provides assistance
in gaining reliable & relevant information which can aid in making fair report. Data collection is
the major part of the research methodology that is helpful in receiving the concise focus on the
aspects which can assist in attaining objectives such as understanding concepts, its impact of the

utilization and particular challenges. This allows helping in making the corrective pattern of
recommendations so that having depth understanding about it can be done.
Data analysis
It is the process of systematically applying technique so that evaluating the information
in the most accurate manner can become possible. There are two techniques which is used for
analysing the data collected that comprises thematic perception test technique and SPSS that are
helpful in evaluating the collected data (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018).
Thematic perception test technique is related with developing themes referring responses
gathered through data collection method which as well pay attention on graphical presentation.
This is basically supported with the literature review while analysing the data. This type of the
technique is used in the qualitative form of research. SPSS is the another technique which is
associated with using descriptive statistics one and independent sample test, one-way ANOVA,
regression, correlation and graph is taken into the process. On the basis of this, it can be
interpreted that in the current research regarding use of artificial intelligence within the supply
chain management for overcoming impact of pandemic emphasis has been provided on using
thematic test technique which can contribute in obtaining objectives. In the recent investigation
with help of researcher has focused on utilization of the thematic analysis so that meeting the aim
and objective has become possible. It is important to have the relative application of the data
analysis tool which is suitable for the qualitative type of study in turn attaining the precise
insights to carry forward investigation in accurate pattern. On the basis of thematic analysis
technique, the researcher has focused on achieving the aim and objectives of research.
Ethical consideration
In order to formulate the research, report it is essential for the scholar to focus on using
such practices that can allow coordinating with the ethical requirements. There are various
ethical actions which are required to be followed by researcher so that reliable outcome can be
obtained. Ethical consideration which is basically followed by scholar for having successful
functioning of the study that is related with consent form, inclusion of references and data
privacy (Singh, 2022). In the primary form of research consent form is taken into the
consideration so that willing participation shows. Inclusion of references that is related with
giving credit to other scholars and data his paraphrased not copied. In addition to this, data
privacy is related with do not disclosing information of which is done in the primary data

collection. In the current investigation the researcher has focused on ensuring that inclusion of
references so that giving credit to other scholars in which the data is paraphrased and not copied.
It is one of the significant ethical consideration that is taken into the practice as it is secondary
form of research. On the basis of this, it is interpreted that using the ethical consideration is
helpful in meeting the objective of particular study in turn significant insights has derived to
meet aim of research. The one of the crucial benefit for the current study is to promote the aims
of research such as expanding knowledge which aids in competing the research report.
Reliability and validity
There are distinct types of the aspects which is needed to be taken into the practice by
the researcher for ensuring that reliability and validity of conducted study can be maintained.
There are distinct ways in which it can be exerted that aids in ensuring that formulated research
is helpful in attaining the aim of the study (Goldstein, 2022). For the current investigation the
researcher has focused on using the latest data sources which are published after the year 2016.
The articles for gathering the information has been done by using keywords so that relevant
insights' utilization can become possible. No alteration in the data collected is done which is
reflecting its reliability and validity of study. Data taken from me copyright sources has been
conducted which is showing that particular research study has been made by following these all
specified course of the actions. It is important for the scholar to pay attention on ensuring that no
alteration in gathered data is done to change meaning which is considered to be unethical. For
this reason, the researcher has given focus on using all ethical practices that are reliable for
secondary study. On the basis of this it can be interpreted that these have been used for
maintaining effective reliability and validation of the study.
Research limitation
There are different types of the limitations which can be faced by the researcher in order to
complete the study in the precise manner. It is important to focus on having the significant focus
on possessing the information regarding the limitations so that appropriate action for
improvement can be achieved. There are three limitations which comprises time, resource and
money. There was limitation of time which has not allowed to focus on various sites for
searching relating to the selected subject matter. It has been solved by using corrective keywords
in turn significant information to possess the reliable insights that can contribute in
accomplishing objectives and aim of the current study. There is lack of the resources' availability

as access to limited data due to various sites are paid which cannot be used. On the other side,
focus has been given on relevant articles have been searched by using keywords. Money is the
other issue which is faced by scholar that is overcome with usage of thematic analysis technique.
Conclusion
From the research methodology it can be recognized that there is utilization of
qualitative research type application. In addition to this, there is focus on inductive approach,
interpretivism philosophy has been given as it is the theoretical study. Secondary data collection
method has been used which is considered with using the already published data sources. For
evaluating the thematic analysis technique has been used. In the research methodology effective
emphasis on compliance with ethical consideration has been done. For maintaining & reliability
copy right sources has been used. It has given emphasis on highlighting the limitation of the
research which is overcome by using corrective action.

CHAPTER 4- DATA ANALYSIS
Theme1: concept of artificial intelligence and supply chain management
According to Beihai and et.al., (2021) artificial intelligence is basically related with
having the significant ability to have simulation of human intelligence processes by machines
specially through computer systems. There is different form of the benefits which is basically
achieved by the organization in order to get the higher profitability and substantiality. This
enables the organization to possess the effective level of efficiency in turn accomplishing the
objective of completing the tasks of firm in precise and accurate manner become possible. The
main reason behind the application of artificial intelligence in operational practices is that it
tends to offer the competitive edge so that significant growth & development can be derived via
taking major actions in highly effective pattern.
On the other side, Craig head, Kitchen Jr and Darby, J. L., 2020 depicted that there is
various form of actions which can be received by firm in order to get the effective performance
in turn accomplishing the organization becomes difficult due to facing certain complications.
This is related with having the high cost which is associated with high cost that can reduce the
portability of organization in adverse manner. There is higher level of focus is required to
provide on achieving the effective artificial intelligence that can reduce the overall cost and
burden so that effective performance cannot be achieved. There are requirements of paying
attention on having the focus on the cost consuming procedure that can hamper the overall
efficiency of firm. It is used into the overall organization in turn greater productive results can be
achieved which does not become due to the higher cost consumption. It can be specified that AI
is related with eliminating the negative impact so that reliable processing on the firm can be
derived.
In the views of Daija and Bag, (2020) supply chain is basically associated with having
network that can bring the technology utilization in turn significant creation and selling of goods
can become possible. There are several benefits of effective supply chain that assist organization
to get corrective performance via ensuring appropriate compliance with market forces can
become possible. In this manner, having better collaboration with suppliers, quality control,
improved risk mitigation, strong cash flow, visibility, data analytics, etc. in turn corrective
pattern of growth and development of organizational performance in industry can become

possible. For successful operating with help of gaining competitive edge in sector with help of
proper supply chain network.
On the other side, Heinlein and Kaplan (2019) stated that supply chain is concerned with
having those networks which can permit enterprise to get ability to reach to market for delivering
its goods in turn effectual accomplishing of objectives such as higher profitability, sustainability,
etc. can be done. It is important for firm to pay attention on its ineffective supply chain that lead
to offer negative impact on firm's performance which comprises possessing compliance with
strict regulations& standards. In addition to this, the firm in order to focus on eliminating its
expensive aspects as it can be affected adversely in turn reliable performance can be delivered.
On the basis of this, it can be interpreted that for being successful operator in particular sector it
is crucial for the organization to get reliable supply chain in turn significant pattern of growth in
market via reaching higher audience.

As per the views of Olan and et.al., (2021) artificial intelligence within supply chain
helps firm to get appropriate position to get competitive proper efficiency in communicating the
details can become possible. There is significant level of capacity planning, improved
productivity, higher quality, low cost, etc. can be achieved for fostering overall working culture.
In respect to this, it can be articulated that the organization is having effective performance to get
the competitive performance to have higher growth & development. In current era, there is
adverse situation of pandemic is prevailing which require firm to pay attention on having
effective performance in turn meeting relevant performance to derive via eliminating all those
negative impact. Supply chain practices due to COVID 19 has been hampered adversely which is
related with possessing appropriate communication procedure, etc. that has not been done. In
supply chain having crucial communication is largely important as forecasted demand insights
for offering corrective supply is important in turn good level of growth and development in
sector can be received.
In again to this, Chen Chen and Lin (2020) it can be mentioned that there are different
form of the aspects in order to get the competitiveness that are required to be taken into the
process so that effectual pattern of performance can be derived. For gaining the reliable
accomplishing of objectives of higher profitability to incline the profitability in turn significant
performance to bring reliable results that can give good pattern of working.
With regards to this, Associated British Food plc follows the particular process for the AI
and to predict and manage the supply chain. In this process, first the data input is being provided
with help of past data, shipment history, store order summary and many other data. After that
that algorithmic forecast model is being implemented and there the data is being input and then

the forecast output is being generated. Here the data is being forecasted for every SKU and this
assist Associated British Foods plc in improving the efficiency and accuracy of the data.
Theme 2- Analysing the impact of using artificial intelligence in supply chain management
with context to Associated British Food plc.
With the different secondary sources, it was evaluated that there are different types of the
benefit which the company enjoys after the implementation of the artificial intelligence. This is
because of the reason that the use of latest technology will be providing a better base to the
company for the effective management of the supply chain. In support of this Artificial
intelligence in supply chain management: A systematic literature review, (2022) states that the
use of artificial intelligence is very important to be used because it is the latest trend and in case
the latest technology will be used then it will be improving the efficiency of the business. along
with this, the working of the business will be improved as when the company will be using the
latest technology then it will be improving the overall efficiency of the business and employees
and profitability will be increased. Hence, majorly the company have a positive impact being
created by the use of artificial intelligence.
With the help of the above secondary research is it clear that the major impact which is
being created by the use of artificial intelligence is the accurate management of the inventory.
With regards to Associated British Food plc, the company undertakes the effective use of AI for
improving technology. this AI helps Associated British Food plc in improving the inventory
management because the technology provides accurate and precise information in order to
improve the working capability of the business. hence, for this it improves the inventory
management and all the raw material is being provided on time. Thus, when the raw material will
be provided on time then this will be improving the efficiency of the business and the final goods
will be produced on time. Hence, this will be improving the overall efficiency of Associated
British Food plc and will be creating a positive impact over the working of company.
In support of this COVID-19: Managing supply chain risk and disruption, (2022)
articulates that when company includes the use of AI then it will be providing them with a good
base and this will be improving the overall efficiency of the business. this is pertaining to the fact
that when the company will be using the new and latest technology then this will be increasing
the working efficiency of the business and all the objectives will be attained in proper and
effective manner. Also, in case the effective technology is used then it will be guiding the person

to work in proper and correct manner. Along with this many different technologies will be
providing proper guidance to all the employees that how they have to work effectively and what
all steps they will need to take in order to complete the task in proper and effective manner.
(Source: Transforming Supply Chain Management with Artificial Intelligence (AI). 2022)
Further with the help of the above literature review it is clear that another positive impact
which is being created by the use of artificial intelligence is that the is helps in optimising the
different routes of transportation and then selecting the best alternatives for the effective
management of supply chain. Hence, in context of this Associated British Food plc has
implemented good AI system within the company so that they can work in better and effective
manner. This is pertaining to the fact that this use of AI will be assisting the company in better
working of the company and managing the inventory in better and effective way. Hence, for this
the company is undertaking the use of AI in better and effective manner.
In support of this How AI and machine learning are helping to fight COVID-19, (2022)
stated that when the company is undertaking the use of AI then it provides for the better option to
compare the different alternatives. For the company to bring and send the inventory there are
many different venders and routes as well. hence, for this the use of AI assist them in effectively
evaluating the different sources and routes and then try to select the best alternative which will
help the company in improving the management of the inventory in better and effective way.
In addition to this the above literature review stated that another impact which is being
created by use of AI is in effective warehouse management only. This is very important impact
because this helps the company in analysing the requirement of the warehouse and this will be
improving the efficiency of the whole inventory management process. This is pertaining to the

reason that when Associated British Food plc will be having good access to the latest technology
then it will be improving the efficiency of the business. also the use of the AI prepares for a
proper record for the requirement of the inventory and with help of this technology the company
can order the inventory in better and effective manner. Thus, with this the company will not be
having any vacant time that is when the inventory is not present. Hence, with help of this the
company will be having continuous working and production being going on. As a result of this
the working will be improved and the objectives of the business will be attained in proper and
effective manner.
(Source: Impact of AI in Supply Chain Management. 2022)
Moreover, the finding also highlighted that another impact which is being created by the
use of AI is the profitability of the company is increasing. In the views of Succeeding in the AI
supply-chain revolution, (2022), this is the major impact which is being created by the use of AI
and will be helping the company in improving the working efficiency of the business to a great
extent. when the company is able to manage the inventory in proper and effective manner then
this increases the production level and ultimately it increases the sales of the company. Hence,
with this increase in sales, the company is in position to increase the number of the production
being taking place. Also, when the company will be performing all the task based on the
evaluation of the technology then this will be increasing the working efficiency of the
employees. Hence, as a result of this the working capability of the company and this will be
improving the profitability of the company.
Along with this the finding also evaluated that the gaining a competitive advantage
relating to the work will also be attained by the company with help of the latest technology. This

is very important for the reason that when the Associated British Food plc is using the latest
techniques then this will be improving the efficiency of the business in better and effective
manner. The reason underlying this fact is that when the company will be performing the work
based on the technology then this will be assisting them to work in better and effective manner.
In support of this, Pandey and Pandey (2021) states that when the company undertakes the use of
the latest technology then this will be motivating the employees to work in better and effective
way. Hence, as a result of this the working efficiency of employees increases and this also
motivates other employees as well to work in better and effective manner.
Furthermore, the finding also evaluated that another impact created by the use of AI over
the supply chain and performance of the company is timely delivery of the product and services
to the final consumers. This is the major impact and is also very beneficial for the company in
improving its performance and market position in better and effective manner. In the views of
Radanliev and et.al., (2020) states that when Associated British Food plc is using the latest AI
technology then there will not be any shortage of the inventory and whole production will be
going on smoothly. Hence, as a result of this the working efficiency of the production process
will be increased. When the whole production process will be working on time then the working
of the company will be on time. Thus, this will be providing the product and services of the
company in better and affective manner.
Moreover, with the help of the finding it is clear that the use of AI is also assistive and
creates an impact relating to effective planning. This is particularly because of the reason that
when the AI is being used the all the working and analysis is being done with the help the
technology only. Hence, as a result of this the working of the company that is Associated British
Food plc will be improved and profitability will be increased. In support of this Modgil, Singh
and Hannibal (2021) states that when the working of the company is not good and they are not
implementing use of good technology then this will be affecting the working of the company to a
great extent. another reason is that the effective planning is also based on the data and the
technology assist in evaluating the data in better and effective manner. Thus, as a result of this
the working efficiency of the company will be increased and the overall profitability will also
increase.

(Source: Cost decrease and revenue increase After adopting AI in business by function. 2022)
With the above graph it is clear that major impact being created by use of AI in supply
chain management for Associated British Food plc is decrease in cost and increase in the
revenue. With regards to the above graph it is clear that different aspect of business was
increasing the revenue with regards to marketing and sales, product and service department and
many others.
Theme 3- Various challenges faced by Associated British Food after implementation of
artificial intelligence
By the evaluation of the finding and literature review it is clear that there are many
different types of the benefit of using the AI within practice. But then there are also some of the
challenges which can affect the working of the company and implementation of the of the AI to a
great extent. also with the literature review there are different types of the challenges analysed
that can be affecting the working of the company to a great extent.
With the help of the finding it was clear that major challenge being faced by Associated
British Food plc after implementation of the AI is the issue of determine the correct set of the
data. This is pertaining to the fact that there are different set of the data set which is being used
within the research and analysis of the supply chain management. Hence, for this it is necessary
for Associated British Food plc that they clearly select the data so that the AI can be used

appropriately in better and effective manner. This is the major challenge which the company
faces at time of using AI for management of the supply chain.
In support of this Shao and et.al., (2021) articulated that another challenge found was the
increase in cost for the company. this is the major challenge for the company because of the
reason that implementation of the new technology includes a lot of cost. Hence, this will be
affecting the working efficiency of the person to a great extent. The use of technology is very
costly of the company as it includes many different expenses which the company have to incur
the technology within the company. hence, this is the major challenge which Associated British
Food plc faces after the implementation of AI. Also the maintenance and management of the
technology includes a lot of cost and this can affect the profitability of the company to a great
extent.
Along with this the finding highlighted that another major issue after the implementation
of the technology is providing of the training. This is another challenge for Associated British
Food plc as the employees might not be working in better manner and it is not necessary that
they know how to operate the new technique. Also the working of the company can be affected
when the employees do not know how to operate the technology. Hence, this is the major
challenge for the company because providing knowledge to the employees is very tough task and
this need to be worked in better and effective manner. In case the employees will be resisting the
accepting of new technology then this will be affecting the overall implementation and process
of the company and the use of AI in better and effective manner.
Along with this it was also analysed that another challenge being faced by Associated
British Food plc is the infrastructure as well. This is pertaining to the fact that for installing the
new technology the most important aspect for the evaluation and installation of the new
technology. This is necessary for the reason that in case the infrastructure of the company will
not be good then it will be affecting the efficiency of the employees and the installation of the
technology will not be good. Hence, as a result of this the company will not be in condition to
work in better and effective manner and the installation of the technology because the company
will be requiring different infrastructure and facilities for the effective implementation of the
technology within the company.

(Source: WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
HOW TO SOLVE THEM? 2021)
With the analysis of the chart it is clear that the different challenges being faced by
Associated British Food plc is many different. This generally involves the unavailability of the
expertise and latest technology. along with this high resources and high cost will also be incurred
in order to work in better and effective manner and implement the AI technology within practice.
Moreover, it was also identified that the unclear privacy can also affect the working Associated
British Food plc and as a result of this the implementation of AI will be affected.

CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
With the analysis of the above research it is clear that the artificial intelligence is very
necessary for the company in order to improve the supply chain management. This is pertaining
to the fact that the company will be providing better and effective base for the management of
the inventory in better and effective way. Hence, for this it is necessary that company must
effectively implement the AI technology within the company for management of the supply
chain in effective and efficient manner. With the help of the above study, it is clear that the
setting of the clear aim and objectives is the most important stage for the effective management
and completion of the study. This is because of the reason that this aim and objective is the base
for the whole study to be completed. This will be providing good base for the study to be
completed in proper and successful manner. Along with this the another chapter stated that
reviewing the different literature is very necessary. This is very essential for the reason that this
supports the study and will be helping the researcher to develop the working in better and
effective way. Along with this the research methodology section inferred that the use of
qualitative research was assistive in attaining the objectives of the study in better and effective
manner. Also the secondary research supported the researcher in analysing and evaluating the
working efficiency of the research and to attain the objectives in better and effective manner.
Further the data analysis section evaluated that the use of the artificial intelligence is very
helpful in managing the work in better and effective manner. This is pertaining to the fact that
the use of technology helps the company in analysing the supply chain in better and effective
manner. Hence, the main aim of the study is proven correct that the artificial intelligence is being
used in better and effective manner post pandemic within the supply chain. With the finding it
was also evaluated that different impact is being created over the performance and it is being
improved. These impacts involve increase in efficiency, on time delivery of goods to consumer,
effective analysis of the different alternative vendors and selecting the most appropriate. In the
end it was also concluded that there are also some of the challenges which is being faced by
Associated British Food plc in order to implement the AI technology in the working of the
company. these challenges included increase in cost of company, providing training to the

employees and resistance from the employees can also affect the working efficiency of the
business and implementation of the AI.
Recommendation
With the help of the above analysis and finding it is clear that there is requirement of
improving the implementation of the artificial intelligence. This is necessary because the
implementation of the AI is very necessary and for this it is essential for Associated British Food
plc that they implement the AI in proper and effective manner. Hence, some of the
recommendation for the improvement of the implementation and use of AI are as follows-
The first and foremost recommendation to Associated British Food plc is that they must
include the accurate predictive analytics and forecasting in better and effective manner. This is
very necessary because in case the AI technology will not be having the use of the predictive
analytics then the use of AI will not be good and effective. Hence, for this Associated British
Food plc first must analyse the AI and then implement it within the business as without this the
use of AI is not effective.
Along with this another recommendation for the improvement of the AI in Associated
British Food plc is that they must effectively analyse the market before the installation of the AI.
This is very necessary for the reason that there are many different companies are providing the
facility of AI. So it is necessary for Associated British Food plc that they must evaluate every
company providing the facility of the AI and compared its cost and benefit. Then the option
having the highest benefit must be selected for the implementation.
Moreover, another recommendation for the company is that they must have effective
training program being implemented within the company. this is necessary for the company
because this effective training program will be providing a good base to the employees and they
will get trained in better and effective manner. Hence, for this it is necessary that the employees
will be working in better manner and then they will be acknowledging the company for
providing training to them.
Furthermore, it is also suggested to Associated British Food plc that they must evaluate
the strategies of the competitors as well. This is because of the reason that when the competitor
of the company will be using the different AI technology then Associated British Food plc then it
will be affecting the working efficiency of the company as well. Hence, before the
implementation of any of the AI technology then first the competitor’s strategy will be analysed

and evaluated. In case that strategy will be better than Associated British Food plc can also
implement the same technology and this will be providing a better and effective base for the
implementation of the technology in better and effective manner.

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