A.I. Tech and Its Future Development in Healthcare

This paper discusses the various ways in which artificial intelligence has been used in the medical sector and how it can improve the efficiency of healthcare services. It explores the use of A.I in expanding, sharpening, and improving the ability of doctors to undertake an activity. The paper also discusses the use of brain-computer interfaces, improving the quality of data obtained from radiology tools, clinical documentation, drug resistance, and the use of smart devices. The paper concludes by discussing the controversies surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare.

Surname 1
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
A.I. Tech and Its Future Development in Healthcare
Introduction
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that endeavors to analyze
complex data with a goal of facilitating decision making. Artificial intelligence has had a
great role in the development of healthcare. It has been integrated with the larger health care
sector assisting in making decisions to improve on the performance of human care providers
(Szolovits 65). A. I in healthcare has been essential in facilitating practitioners to make
decisions based on insights from past data. The following paper seeks to discuss various
avenues in which artificial intelligence has been actively been used in the medical sector. It
further explores ways in which the use of artificial intelligence can help in improving the
efficiency of healthcare services.
Artificial intelligence assists in expanding, sharpening and improving the ability of
doctors to undertake an activity. The use of A.I is not aimed at pitching the human mind
against robots, but improving the efficiency of the process of decision making (Patel et al 10).
The use of A.I in medicine dates back to the 1970s. The early use of A.I involved the
cooperation of chemists, philosopher's computer scientists and geneticists. The collaboration
led to the development of groundbreaking inventions that would lay the foundation for the
development of artificial intelligence in medicine (Acampora 2480). Biomedical informatics
gained the most interest among scholars due to its large influence on the healthcare sector.
The use of artificial intelligence in medicine has been advocated due to its huge advantage

Surname 2
over traditional analytics techniques (Lukowicz 96). It has facilitated better clinical decision-
making process as clinicians and healthcare professionals have enough data to make clear and
concise decisions.
The use of brain-computer interfaces had drastically improved the quality of life of
patients suffering from strokes and locked in syndromes. It has further been extensively used
for patients with spinal cord injuries (Jiang et al., 232). The brain-computer interface
combines artificial intelligence to decode neural activities related to hand movement. This
further helps an individual to experience and communicate like a healthy person.
The use of artificial intelligence is also bound to improve the quality of data obtained
from radiology tools. It's key to note that radiological images still depends on the diagnostic
analysis of physical tissues to obtained biopsies (Nealon and Moreno 10). There is room for
the use of artificial intelligence in the improvement of images as obtained from radiological
tools. This will take away the need for the use of physical samples obtained from an
individual (Ashrafian, Darzi, and Athanasiou 40). Artificial intelligence will enable
clinicians to be able to harness image-based algorithms to identify phenotypes and genetic
properties. The expansive use of artificial intelligence will enable hospitals suffering from
inadequate staff to maximize on other diagnostic activities. This will mitigate the shortage of
qualified staffs since most diagnostic duties will be taken over by artificial intelligence
(Ramesh et al. 334). The uses of A.I have been proven to have a high accuracy that is
comparable to a human in some instances.
Clinical documentation is an essential field in which artificial intelligence has been
used successfully over the year starting with electronic health records. The clinical
documentations such electronic health record is one of the avenues in which the medicine
field adopted the use of artificial intelligence. The record possesses the ability to contain all

Surname 3
the physical and physiological attributes of patients (Machado et al 438). This includes their
past medical history as well as illnesses. This is a field that can be expanded through the
inculcation of voice recognition dictation which will enhance the clinical documentation
process. Some have even suggested the inclusions of video recordings in clinical
documentation.
The recorded videos will be essential in the future after they have been indexed for
future information retrieval. The expansive use of virtual assistants such as Amazon's Alexa
and Siri in homes provides the potential of having the virtual assistants in hospitals. This will
prove to be significant as they will improve the accuracy of care offered to patients in
hospitals. There has been an increasing shortage of nurses in hospitals as a result of the rise in
patient visiting hospitals (Sutikno et al 201). The virtual medical assistant would have a huge
advantage over humans as they have relatively better efficiency and accuracy. They would
not have impaired judgment as a result of increased fatigue.
Drug resistance is a serious menace facing the healthcare sector. It arises when there
is an overuse of critical drugs which leads to the evolution of superbugs which do not respond
to treatments. This poses a threat to the whole population as the superbugs are transmitted to
other parts of the population as drug-resistant superbugs, therefore, increasing the level of
resistance in the population. Scientists have recognized the need for the use of artificial
intelligence in securing the records of patients. The use of electronic records helps in clear
identification of patients with past infections and their level of risks (Lu et al. 370). This will
be essential in halting the spread of superbugs. Scientists will leverage on the use of artificial
intelligence and machine learning to improve the analytics which enhances the level of care,
speed, and accuracy of services provided. Artificial intelligence will, therefore, assist in
improving the level of infection control and antibiotic resistance by utilizing the large data

Surname 4
collected from patients. This will save a lot of funds used in disease prevention throughout
the world.
Hospitals generate a huge amount of data every day from a large number of patients
who visit them. It is essential for the clinicians to think of ways in which the data generated
from patients can be used to predict infections or track the spread of infectious diseases. This
will be possible through the use of artificial intelligence. For example, pathologists serve as
the most significant clinician in the healthcare sector. They are the source of the most
significant data in a hospital. Over 70% of decisions made in a healthcare facility are
dependent on data collected by pathologists (Yang and Veltri 76). Improving the accuracy of
pathologist will have huge significance in the quality of healthcare services offer by hospitals.
There exist a huge opportunity for the inclusion of artificial intelligence in pathology. Some
of the avenues that would improve the quality of diagnosis include the ability of artificial
intelligence tools to improve on the digital image processing. This will improve the ability of
a healthcare professional to make decisions based on the available data. Artificial intelligence
will assist in the improvement of productivity by healthcare professionals. The use of
artificial intelligence enhances the quality of service by capturing elements in a diagnosis that
may escape the human eye (Machado et al 438). This reduces the amount of time spent on a
diagnosis, therefore, improving the productivity of the clinicians.
The use of smart devices also provides an opportunity for the use of artificial
intelligence in medicine. The technological advancement in smart devices such as real-time
CCTV, driverless cars, distraction sensor in cars are just a few of the examples the active use
of artificial intelligence. It's evident that there exist some smart devices in the healthcare
currently such as the ICU Monitors. Some hospitals are using micro cameras to study the
inside of the body with the need for surgery (Nealon and Moreno 10). This provides an
avenue where hospitals can improve their diagnosis and reduce their costs significantly by

Surname 5
adopting the use of artificial intelligence. This has led to the growth of the telehealth
subsector which involves the process of monitoring patients using artificial intelligence.
Wearable devices have been invented that are able to constantly monitor an individual's
health and notice any physiological changes.
The increased use of artificial intelligence increasingly raises ethical questions in the
healthcare sector. Some opponent of its use cites the introduction of new risks to patients.
They argue that the complete reliance on artificial intelligence eliminates the sense of
responsibility and accountability that exist among healthcare professionals. The vulnerability
of artificial intelligence to malicious attacks is also cited as another disadvantage of relying
on their usage in hospitals (Ramesh et al. 334). The reliance on machines and devices for
diagnosis further raise the questions of their accuracy and the level of failure. It is evident
that machines may fail despite their high level of accuracy (Machado et al 438). Opponents of
artificial intelligence claim that single fails in the use of artificial intelligence could be
catastrophic compared to human fails.
In conclusion, the use of artificial intelligence in the healthcare has been a success. It
has generally improved the productivity of healthcare professionals by increasing the
accuracy of their diagnoses. This has facilitated the improvement in the quality of service
offered by hospitals. The inventions of smart devices for use in and out of the hospital are a
great advancement in the monitoring of the disease. Wearable devices have improved the
ability of clinicians to monitor their patients away from the vicinity of the hospitals. This has
enabled them to recommend the appropriate treatment for their patients. The use of artificial
intelligence has not been without controversies as opponents have questioned its accuracy.
They have sought to dissuade its reliance in healthcare facilities due to its lack of
accountability its vulnerability to attack.

Surname 6
Works Cited
Acampora, Giovanni, et al. "A survey on ambient intelligence in healthcare." Proceedings of
the IEEE 101.12 (2013): 2470-2494.
Ashrafian, Hutan, Ara Darzi, and Thanos Athanasiou. "A novel modification of the Turing
test for artificial intelligence and robotics in healthcare." The International Journal of
Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 11.1 (2015): 38-43.
Jiang, Fei, et al. "Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future." Stroke and
vascular neurology 2.4 (2017): 230-243.
Lu, Huimin, et al. "Brain intelligence: go beyond artificial intelligence." Mobile Networks
and Applications 23.2 (2018): 368-375.
Lukowicz, Paul. "Guest editorial: Wearable computing and artificial intelligence for
healthcare applications." Artificial intelligence in medicine 42.2 (2008): 95-98.
Machado, Jose, et al. "Quality of service in healthcare units." International Journal of
Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 2.4 (2010): 436-449.
Nealon, John, and Antonio Moreno. "Agent-based applications in health care." Applications
of software agent technology in the health care domain. Birkhäuser, Basel, 2003. 3-
18.
Patel, Vimla L., et al. "The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine." Artificial
intelligence in medicine 46.1 (2009): 5-17.
Ramesh, A. N., et al. "Artificial intelligence in medicine." Annals of The Royal College of
Surgeons of England 86.5 (2004): 334.

Surname 7
Sutikno, Tole, Mochammad Facta, and GR Arab Markadeh. "Progress in artificial
intelligence techniques: from brain to emotion." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication
Computing Electronics and Control) 9.2 (2011): 201-202.
Szolovits, Peter, ed. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982.
Koh, Hian Chye, and Gerald Tan. "Data mining applications in healthcare." Journal
of healthcare information management19.2 (2011): 65.
Yang, Christopher C., and Pierangelo Veltri. "Intelligent healthcare informatics in big data
era." Artificial intelligence in medicine 65.2 (2015): 75-77