Air Pollution Monitoring and Control

This paper discusses the process of air pollution monitoring using isokinetic sampling and the procedures defined by Queensland Environmental Protection Agency. It covers the calculations involved and the results obtained, including the concentration of particles per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas. The report concludes with a recommendation for a simpler means of air monitoring.

Running head: AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 1
Air Pollution Monitoring
Firstname Lastname
Name of Institution

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 2
Introduction
This paper report the process of air pollution monitoring which involve use of isokinetic
sampling. The diameter proposed by the local is 8 meters of a circular stack. The stack is
scheduled to be monitored on an annual basis. This paper assumes that a company which I
happened to own has been be given task to undertake tests which will be following
procedures defined by Queensland Environmental Protection Agency . The procedures by
Queensland Environmental Protection Agency involves getting gas velocity in the circular
stack this involves use of Victorian EPA Method B4. Secondly we go for the location of
transverse points in the circular stack by applying the USEPA method 1, this is followed by
the use of BS 1041 part 4 which defines the use and guidelines for the selection and use of
thermocouples, this helps us to get the temperature of the gas during the monitoring. USEPA
method 4 is thereafter used to give the amount of water vapour concentrations while
particulates concentration is arrived at by applying the USEPA method 5 which is described
in (AS 4323.2, 1995).
As stated above the sampling method is maintained to be isokinetic, this is aimed to ensure
that the samples of aerosols reperesentated get into the tube of sampling through a moving
stream of aerosols (Eyre, et al., 2006). Testing is isokinetic when the woof of the sampler is
adjusted parallel to the gas streamlines and the speed of the gas (U) inflowing the test is
blurry to the velocity of stream that enters the inlet (U0). In in a situation whereby the
sampling is isokinetic we record no particle loss as well as size of the particle. Isokinetic
testing not the smallest bit warranties that the fascination and size scattering of the aerosol
entering the tube is the same as that in the streaming stream. The examining train must be
amassed by the USEPA Method 5 conditions. The probe is appended to a channel gathering
containing an ultrapure quartz microfiber conduit (Strauss, 2009). The channel get together
is joined to four impingers, the original two of which comprise water, the subsequent is
unoccupied and the latter encompasses silica gel. The impingers are sunken into the ice-
shower and associated to the vacuity impel. All divisions need to be made by the USEPA
Method 5 prerequisites (AS 4323.2, 1995).

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 3
Data Analysis, Calculations and Results table
The report found out the following during the monitoring. The stack diameter at the
downstream side was recorded to be 8 meters while the stack diameter at the upstream with
the reference of the point from which flow disturbance occurs was recorded to be 1 ½
meters. The other data obtained included the following
1. Diameter of the circular stack at downstream in reference to the point of flow disturbance
= 8 meters
2. Diameter of the circular stack at upstream in reference to the point of flow
disturbance = 1 ½ metres
3. The location and number of transverse points that were to be estimated in accordance
to table 1 of page 3 were recorded below
1.6 4.9 8.5 12.
5
16.9 22 26.
3
37.5 62.5 71.
7
78 83.1 87.
5
91.5 95.1 98.4
4. The mean temperature measured in degrees Celsius was = 206 °C
5. The Dew point temperature measured and recoded in degrees Celsius was at = 30 °C

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 4
6. The concentration of carbon (iv) oxide was recorded to be = 12 % v/v
7. Velocity pressure at traverse points (Pa)
25
0
25
5
25
0
26
0
25
0
25
6
25
5
25
7
25
6
257.
5
25
8
25
8
258.
5
25
9
259.
5
26
0
8. The value of Static pressure was recorded to equal to 761 mm Hg
9. Time taken for sampling was recorded to be 2 minutes for each and every traverse
point.
10. The weight of filter just before the procedure was equal to = 0.12322 g
11. The amount of Filter weight recorded after the procedure was equal to = 0.17884
grams
Parameters to be calculated:
1. Moisture content (kg/kg) and molecular weight (as additive) of the gas carrier
Moisture content = (initial weight – final weight) / initial weight * 100 %
Moisture content = (Wi – Wf) / Wi * 100%
Thus moisture content = 0.12322 - 0.17884 = 0.05562
Moisture content = 0.05562/ 0.12322 * 100% = 0.45138 kg/kg dry air
2. Gas carrier velocity (according to Eq.1) and flowrate
Velocity of the air is determined using the equation below
v s=C p×K p× [ ( T gas ×ΔP p )
( Pstat×M gas ) ]
1/2
m/s
(1)
Where by the value of
Kp is taken to be = 34.97
The value of Cp is taken to be = 0.99
The temperature of the gas Tgas in Kelvin (K) obtained from item 4 in page 1 is recorded to be
= 206 +273 = 479K
ΔPp at each
traverse point

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 5
The velocity pressure at traverse point was obtained to be Pp = 250mm H2O (this is the item
7 in page 1 in the list of requirement)
The value of static pressure on the mercury bar reading was Pstat = 761 mm Hg (This is
obtained from item 8 in page 1)
Concentration of carbon (iv) oxide gas Mgas = 12% = 0.12 g/gmol
Hence, Vs=0.99 x 34.97 x ( 479 x 250
761 x 0.12 ) 1
2 =1253.6769m s−1
The table below shows the results for all the parameters that were required. Note that
those material without units are considered to be ratios
Results
Filter
before
Filte
r
after
Diffe
renc
e
Sample
Volum
e
Stack
gas
velocity
,
Aver.
stack
temp,
Dew
Point
Temper
ature.
Velocit
y Pres.
Molec
.
Weig
ht
Moisture Particulate
Loading
G g g Nm3* m/s °C °C kPa kg/kg dry
air
g/Nm3
0.12322 0.178
84
0.05
562
1.085 1253.67
69
206 °C 30 °C 0.25 44 0.4545 0.0512
The highlighted *Nm3 represent the normalised cubic meter taken from 25°C and 101.3 kPa
also known as stp, standard temperature and pressure
3. This is determined by using the value of velocity that was obtained in equation 1, the
estimated isokinetic suction flowrate the 25 degrees Celsius temperature is
normalised. Thus the isokinetic flow rate at 4 mm diameter is estimated to be as
follows,
¿ 1253.6769
22
7 ∗0.0022
=9.972 x 107 m3 /s
4. Total sample volume in normal cubic meters
Total volume = flow rate x time

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 6
9.972 x 107 x 2∗60=1.1966 x 107 m3
5. Concentration of particles per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas
Concentration of particles ¿ 0.11996 M /m3

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 7

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 8
Table 1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks
Travers
e Point
number
on a
diamete
r
Number of traverse points on a diameter
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
1 14.6 6.7 4.4 3.2 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1
2 85.4 25 14.6 10.5 8.2 6.7 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2
3 75 29.6 19.4 14.6 11.8 9.9 8.5 7.5 6.7 6 5.5
4 93.3 70.4 32.3 22.6 17.7 14.6 12.5 10.9 9.7 8.7 7.9
5 85.4 67.7 34.2 25 20.1 16.9 14.6 12.9 11.6 10.5
6 95.6 80.6 65.8 35.6 26.9 22 18.8 16.5 14.6 13.2
7 89.5 77.4 64.4 36.6 26.3 23.6 20.4 18 16.1
8 96.8 85.4 75 63.4 37.5 29.6 25 21.5 19.4
9 91.6 82.3 73.1 62.5 38.2 30.6 26.2 23
10 97.4 88.2 79.9 71.7 61.8 38.8 31.5 27.2
11 93.3 85.4 78 70.4 61.2 39.3 32.3
12 97.9 90.1 83.1 76.4 69.4 60.7 39.8
13 94.3 87.5 81.2 75 68.5 60.2
14 98.2 91.5 85.4 79.6 73.8 67.7
15 95.1 89.1 83.5 78.2 72.8
16 98.4 92.5 87.1 82 77
17 95.6 90.3 85.4 80.6
18 98.6 93.3 88.4 83
19 96.1 91.3 86.8
20 98.7 94 89.5
21 96.5 92.1
22 98.8 94.5
23 96.8

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 9
24 98.9
Conclusion and Recommendation
The above report gives the illustration of the best means of monitoring of air pollution.
Though the use of procedures of Queensland Environmental Protection Agency is
professional and has quality outlook, it is recommended that a simple means of air
monitoring to be introduced whereby any individual be mathematical and graphical oriented
can courageously apply to come up with an effective means of pollution monitoring.

AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 10
References
Eyre, T. J., Kelly, A., Neldner, V. J., Wilson, B. A., Furguson, D. J., Laidlaw, M. J., & Frank,
A. J. (2006). A terrestrial vegetation condition assessment tool for biodiversity in
Queensland: Field assessment manual. BioCondition.
Strauss, W. (2009). In Air pollution control Part 3 Measuring and monitoring air pollutants.
Air Pllution Control Part 3 Measuring and monitoring air pollutants, 5-7.