Air Quality Monitoring and Controlling: Types of Pollution Control Techniques

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND CONTROLLING
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

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ABSTRACT
Air pollution is a mixture of man-made and natural toxic substances in the air we breathe.
These toxic substance contains harmful chemical compounds which in most cases interfere with
the normal operation of our body. In some cases higher concentrations of these substance can
results in mutation of our genetic substances which can results some growth which can lead to
cancer. There are two main types of these type of pollution. That is the outdoor air pollution, in
this type of pollution there are Noxious gas (for example nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide etc), fine particles which are generated through combustion of fossil fuels and also
Tobacco smoke. The second type is the indoor air pollution which includes the household
chemicals and products, building materials like asbestos. The concern of this report will be on
the outdoor air pollution types.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENT...................................................................................................................2
TABLE OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................2
LISTS OF TABLES........................................................................................................................2
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................2
1.1 Aim of the study...................................................................................................................4
1.2 Objective of the study..........................................................................................................4
1.3 Rationale of the study..........................................................................................................4
1.4 Scope......................................................................................................................................5
2.0 LITERARURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................7
2.1 Types of air pollution control technique............................................................................7
2.1.1 Cyclone...........................................................................................................................7
2.1.2 Electrostatic Precipitators............................................................................................9
2.1.3 Wet scrubber................................................................................................................11
2.1.4 Fabric filter systems (Baghouse Filter).....................................................................13
Chapter summary.......................................................................................................................15
3.0 MAIN CHAPTER...................................................................................................................16
3.1 Design of cyclone.................................................................................................................16
3.2 Design of Baghouse Filter....................................................................................................22
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................28
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................33

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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Showing air pollution from factories after burning coal (Dehou, 2012)..........................3
Figure 2: Showing coal electrical generating plant (Wang, 2014)..................................................4
Figure 3: Showing the particle sizing distribution of the coal fired power plant............................7
Figure 4: Showing the cyclone employed in the collection of dust in coal fired power plant
(Heck, 2016)....................................................................................................................................9
Figure 5: Showing Electrostatic Precipitators as technique for controlling air pollution (Utikar,
2010) .............................................................................................................................................11
Figure 6: Showing a wet scrubber as a technique for air pollution control (Safikhani, 2010).....13
Figure 7: Showing Fabric filter systems(Lacor,2010)...................................................................15
LISTS OF TABLES
Table 1: Showing the percentage of death due to air pollution.......................................................5
Table 2: Showing Preliminary Design specification for cyclone separator..................................17
Table 3: Showing typical cyclone separator design ratio's............................................................18
Table 4: Design parameter of the cyclone.....................................................................................22
Table 5: Showing Cyclone design overall performance................................................................23
Table 6: Showing specification parameters...................................................................................24
Table 7: Showing the design constant for baghouse.....................................................................28

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The air pollution have several sources which need to be considered in the process of
controlling the amount of the air pollutant emitted into the atmosphere (Dehou, 2012). Some of
these includes mobile sources like the emission of dangerous gases from the combustion of fossil
fuel in buses, trunks, trains and cars (Wang, 2014). These mobile sources are due to the fact that
the fossil fuels are very dirty and when they burn they produces some harmful substance like
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. Another source of air pollution are categorized as
stationary sources and this is the most dangerous source of air pollution. When coal is burnt in
generation of electrical energy it produces fumes which are very dangerous to our environment
and this can be illustrated using the following figure 1;
Figure 1: Showing air pollution from factories after burning coal (Dehou, 2012)
The coal generating plant is illustrated using the below diagram;

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Figure 2: Showing coal electrical generating plant (Wang, 2014)
1.1 Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to design and construct an appropriate air pollution control technique
which help in reducing and preventing the particle pollutant emission to the atmosphere (Hong,
2010).
1.2 Objective of the study
In order to meet the aim of the study it is vital to meet the following objectives;
i. To identify some common air pollution sources
ii. To highlight some alternative air pollution control technique as well as their benefits
and drawbacks.
iii. To design, costing and control of the air pollution
iv. To give some recommendation of the study and the report summery

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1.3 Rationale of the study
For many years after industrial revolution there have been several diseases which are
linked to the air pollution. Coal is the most common plant for generating electrical energy and it
gives off dirty fumes which highly pollutes the environment (Fu, 2010). According to World
Health Organization (WHO) the table below shows the percentage of death due to air pollution.
Table 1: Showing the percentage of death due to air pollution.
Parentage of death due to the
disease
Disease
40% ischaemic heart disease
40% stroke
11% chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
6% lung cancer
3% acute lower respiratory infections in children
Due to the above causes of premature death due to air pollution there is a higher need of
designing an air pollution control technique which will help in reduction of air pollution hence
reducing these premature deaths (Shahzad Baig, 2017 ).

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1.4 Scope
In the designing of the effective air pollution control device for the coal plant, the below are the
local standard specification which need to be met;
i. The concentration of the carbon Monoxide must not exceed 0.04g/m3
ii. The concentration of the NOx must not exceed 0.05g/m3
iii. The concentration of SOx must not exceed 0.03g/m3
iv. The amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere must not be more than 0.02g/m3
v. And other pollutant should not be more than 0.05g/m3
Even though the coal plant is still in the developmental stages, the client has given the below
anticipated level of emission;
Plant electrical power is 450 MW and the main parameter of the exhaust of the gas are given
below;
i. Flue gas temperature is 900 C
ii. Air flow rate via the stack is 110000m3/h
iii. The gas has roughly 5 grams of the fly ash for every cubic meter of flow
The particle sizing distribution of the coal fired power plant is hence can be obtained from
the above specification in the graph below;