Impact of Alcohol on Mental Health: A Quantitative Research Study

This research study aims to analyze the impact of alcohol on mental health of individuals. It includes a literature review, methodology, and results of a survey conducted on the consequences of alcoholism. The study provides insights on ways to stop drinking and lead a healthy life.

Research

Table of Contents
Title Alcohol....................................................................................................................................3
Abstract........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
Rationale for doing the research..................................................................................................3
Research questions and aims.......................................................................................................3
Literature review..........................................................................................................................4
Methodology................................................................................................................................4
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................6
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GENDER AND AGE......................................................6
CROSS TABULATION AND CHI SQUARE OF VARIABLES WITH GENDER.................9
CROSS TABULATION AND CHI SQUARE OF AGE WITH DIFFERENT VARIABLE...20
Discussion......................................................................................................................................30
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................30
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................31

Title Alcohol
Abstract
Introduction
Alcoholism is defined as alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. This is basically referred
as a disorder which occurs when a person drinks so much that his body eventually becomes
addicted towards alcohol. For such people, alcohol become the most important thing in their life.
Individuals were suffering from alcohol disorder are involved in drinking and it causes negative
consequences in their personal as well as professional life. The main reason of alcohol use
disorder is not known by scientists. This disorder develops when a person drinks so much that
chemical changes occur in brain. Due to these changes, there is increment of pleasurable feelings
required by the body. This makes the person to drink more and cause harm to himself. There are
different symptoms of alcohol which depends upon physical outcome and behaviour which
occurs as the obsession of alcohol. People who start suffering from alcohol disorder drink alone,
drink more towards feeling the effect of alcohol, do not eat properly, miss work or school
because of drinking, make excuses for drinking and continue to drink when social, legal or
economic problems are present.
Rationale for doing the research
This research is conducted in order to understand the consequences of alcoholism on
mental health of individuals. This study provides help in understanding different ways that can
be used by people to stop drinking and focus towards leading a healthy life.
Research questions and aims
Research aim - To analyse the impact of alcohol on individuals
Research objectives

 To assess consequences of alcoholism
 To evaluate impact of alcoholism on mental health
Literature review
Alcoholism or heavy drinking interferes with chemicals in brain which are essential for
good mental health. That is why if a person is feeling relaxed after a drink but for long run and
call is having impact upon mental health and it also contributes to depression and anxiety among
them. Brain depends upon delicate balance between different processes and chemicals. There are
different conditions like long term mental health including putting down neurotransmitters which
includes chemicals in which transmission of signal takes place from one nerve to the other.
When a person drinks more, it impacts upon the functioning of brain. Regardless of the mood the
person is there is increase in alcohol consumption. There are several factors associated with
development of negative emotions when a person drinks. Alcohol is also associated with
increased aggression and anxiousness among people.
Methodology
Methods used and rationale for these – Survey method
Sampling and rationale for this – it is used to collect information from people who prone to
alcoholism
Research process – (e.g. what you did in practice) – qualitative and quantitative process is used
to evaluate research outcomes perfectly.
Ethical considerations – (e.g. what you did to ensure your research was ethical) – All
respondents are provided a questionnaire and they have to provide their honest reviews. No
person is under threat or pressure while filling questionnaires.
Reflexivity – (e.g. the part you played in the process and an evaluation of what you did)

I did the research part and collected data from different articles and respondents. This data is
used by me to make interpretations used for completing the research and making desired
outputs.

RESULTS
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GENDER AND AGE
Statistics
What is your gender? At what age have you
started drinking alchol?
N Valid 20 20
Missing 0 0
Mean 2.0500 2.6500
Median 2.0000 3.0000
Mode 1.00a 2.00a
Std. Deviation .99868 1.03999
Range 3.00 3.00
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown
What is your gender?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 7 35.0 35.0 35.0
Female 7 35.0 35.0 70.0
Non binary 4 20.0 20.0 90.0
Prefer not to say 2 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: From the above table and graph it is being interpreted that out of 20 participants,
7 are male, 7 females, 4 is non binary and the remaining 2 would not like to disclose their
gender.

At what age have you started drinking alcohol?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Below 15 3 15.0 15.0 15.0
16-20 6 30.0 30.0 45.0
21-30 6 30.0 30.0 75.0
31 and older 5 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Interpretation: From the above table and chart it is being interpreted that 3 respondents are below
the age of 15, 6 belong to the age of 16-20, 6 are in the age between 21- 30 and rest 5 is belong
to more than 31 age.

CROSS TABULATION AND CHI SQUARE OF VARIABLES WITH GENDER
1) Cross tab of gender with ethnicity
Crosstab
Count
What is your ethnicity? Total
White Black/
African/
Caribbean/
Black British
Mixed/
Multiple/Othe
r ethnic
group
Asian/Asian
british
Prefer not to
say
What is your
gender?
Male 1 1 3 1 1 7
Female 3 2 0 2 0 7
Non binary 1 2 0 0 1 4
Prefer not to
say 0 1 1 0 0 2
Total 5 6 4 3 2 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.714a 12 .469
Likelihood Ratio 14.932 12 .245
Linear-by-Linear Association .383 1 .536
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Error
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .765 .469
Cramer's V .442 .469
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.142 .189 -.609 .550c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.179 .205 -.771 .451c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: From the above cross tabulation and chi square it is being analysed that
majority of male ethnicity is Multiple/ Other ethnic group. Majority of female belong to white
ethnicity, non-binary is from Black, African and Caribbean black ethnicity and the person who
do not want to disclose their gender are either black African or from multiple ethnicity.
2) Cross tab of gender with drinking alcohol
Crosstab
Count
Do you drink alchol? Total
Yes No
What is your gender?
Male 4 3 7
Female 5 2 7
Non binary 3 1 4
Prefer not to say 2 0 2
Total 14 6 20
Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.463a 3 .691
Likelihood Ratio 1.999 3 .573
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.263 1 .261
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .270 .691
Cramer's V .270 .691
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.258 .181 -1.132 .272c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.248 .201 -1.087 .291c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: From the above table it is being analysed that majority of female participant’s
drinks alcohol. Out of 20 respondents 14 participant’s drinks alcohol and the rest 6 does not
drink alcohol.
3) Cross tab of gender with often drinking alcohol
Crosstab
How often do you drink alchol? Total
One time a
month
One time a
week
Two/ three
time a week
Every
day
What is your
gender?
Male 3 1 2 1 7
Female 2 2 1 2 7
Non binary 1 2 1 0 4
Prefer not to
say 0 0 1 1 2
Total 6 5 5 4 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.810a 9 .759
Likelihood Ratio 7.155 9 .621
Linear-by-Linear Association .883 1 .347
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .539 .759
Cramer's V .311 .759
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .216 .207 .937 .361c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .187 .216 .807 .430c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: From the above data analysis through SPSS it is being interpreted that out of
7 male respondent 3 drinks alcohol in one time a week. It is also analysed that out of 20
participants, 6 drink alcohol at one or two time in a week.
4) Cross tab of gender with units of drink
Crosstab
Count
How many units of drink? Total
One or two
unit
Two or
three unit
Four or
five unit
5.00
What is your
gender?
Male 3 0 3 1 7
Female 2 2 0 3 7
Non binary 1 2 1 0 4
Prefer not to
say 0 0 0 2 2
Total 6 4 4 6 20

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 13.988a 9 .123
Likelihood Ratio 17.163 9 .046
Linear-by-Linear Association .645 1 .422
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .836 .123
Cramer's V .483 .123
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .184 .212 .795 .437c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .205 .219 .889 .386c
N of Valid Cases 20
Interpretation: It is being analysed and discussed that 5 respondent drink more than 5 units
of Alcohol. Out of which the male drinks units if alcohol more than other participants.

5) Cross tab of gender with alcohol damage body
Crosstab
Count
Do you agree drinking alcohol can damage body? Total
Strong agree Agree Neutral Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
What is your
gender?
Male 1 2 2 0 2 7
Female 1 3 2 1 0 7
Non binary 1 1 2 0 0 4
Prefer not to
say 0 1 0 1 0 2
Total 3 7 6 2 2 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.306a 12 .589
Likelihood Ratio 11.055 12 .524
Linear-by-Linear Association .265 1 .607
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .718 .589
Cramer's V .414 .589
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.118 .230 -.505 .620c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.103 .236 -.439 .666c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: With the accumulated piece of information it is being interpreted that 7
participants is agree that drinking alcohol damage the body. In which majority of votes are given
by female that is 3 female say are agree.
6) Cross tab of gender with mental health
Chi-Square Tests
Crosstab
Count
Do ypu think alchol affect mental health? Total
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutr
al
Disagr
ee
Strongly
disagree
What is your
gender?
Male 3 0 0 2 2 7
Female 1 3 2 1 0 7
Non binary 0 1 2 1 0 4
Prefer not
to say 0 0 0 1 1 2
Total 4 4 4 5 3 20

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 15.679a 12 .206
Likelihood Ratio 19.797 12 .071
Linear-by-Linear Association .993 1 .319
N of Valid Cases 20
.
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .885 .206
Cramer's V .511 .206
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .229 .234 .996 .332c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .160 .267 .687 .501c
N of Valid Cases 20
Interpretation: With the assemble piece of information it is discussed that major number of
respondent are disagree that drinking Alcohol affect the mental health of the person. They say it
doesn’t affect mental pieces.
7) Cross tab of gender with alcohol addiction clinic

Do you think alcohol addition clinics will helpful to
treat alcoholic people?
Total
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
What is your
gender?
Male 2 2 1 1 1 7
Female 1 3 1 1 1 7
Non binary 1 0 2 0 1 4
Prefer not
to say 0 0 0 2 0 2
Total 4 5 4 4 3 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 13.679a 12 .322
Likelihood Ratio 13.206 12 .354
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.402 1 .236
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .827 .322
Cramer's V .477 .322
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .272 .198 1.198 .247c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .255 .216 1.119 .278c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: From the above table it is being analysed that 5 participants agree that
going to Alcoholic clinic will treat the alcoholic in greater manner. With their helps they can
safeguard their health and wealth.

CROSS TABULATION AND CHI SQUARE OF AGE WITH DIFFERENT VARIABLE
1) Cross tab of age with ethnicity
Crosstab
Count
What is your ethnicity? Total
White Black/
African/
Caribbea
n/Black
British
Mixed/
Multiple/
Other
ethnic
group
Asian/
Asian
british
Prefer not
to say
At what age have
you started
drinking alchol?
Below
15 0 1 1 0 1 3
16-20 1 1 2 1 1 6
21-30 4 1 0 1 0 6
31 and
older 0 3 1 1 0 5
Total 5 6 4 3 2 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 14.111a 12 .294
Likelihood Ratio 16.546 12 .168
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.434 1 .231
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .840 .294
Cramer's V .485 .294
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.275 .182 -1.212 .241c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.253 .194 -1.109 .282c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: With the above accumulated piece of information from table and charts it is being
interpreted that major number of participants are either Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
and they belong to either the age of 16-20 and either from 21- 30.
2) Cross tab of age with drinking alcohol
Crosstab
Count
Do you drink alchol? Total
Yes No
At what age have you started
drinking alchol?
Below 15 3 0 3
16-20 6 0 6
21-30 4 2 6
31 and older 1 4 5
Total 14 6 20

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 9.841a 3 .020
Likelihood Ratio 11.792 3 .008
Linear-by-Linear Association 8.191 1 .004
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std. Errora Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .701 .020
Cramer's V .701 .020
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .657 .116 3.693 .002c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .667 .115 3.802 .001c
N of Valid Cases 20
Interpretation: From the above table it is being analysed that 14 applicant’s rink alcohol and
belong to the age of 16- 20. In this age majority of people drink alcohol.

3) Cross tab of age with often drink alcohol
Crosstab
How many units of drink? Total
One or
two unit
Two or
three unit
Four or
five unit
5.00
At what age have
you started
drinking alchol?
Below 15 0 0 3 0 3
16-20 0 2 1 3 6
21-30 2 2 0 2 6
31 and
older 4 0 0 1 5
Total 6 4 4 6 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 23.278a 9 .006
Likelihood Ratio 24.322 9 .004
Linear-by-Linear Association 4.771 1 .029
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi 1.079 .006
Cramer's V .623 .006
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.501 .163 -2.457 .024c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.473 .204 -2.275 .035c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: From the above table and graph it is discussed that from the age of 16- 20
majority of participant’s drink but they take one to two unit of alcohol. Below 15 also drink
rarely but take more than 5 unit of drink.
4) Cross tab of age with damage body
Crosstab
Count
Do you agree drinking alchol can damage body? Total
Straong
agree
Agree Neutral Disagre
e
Strongly
disgre
At what age have you
started drinking
alchol?
Below 15 0 2 1 0 0 3
16-20 0 2 2 1 1 6
21-30 1 0 3 1 1 6
31 and
older 2 3 0 0 0 5
Total 3 7 6 2 2 20
Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 12.302a 12 .422
Likelihood Ratio 17.534 12 .131
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.449 1 .229
N of Valid Cases 20
Interpretation: With the accumulated piece of data it is being analysed that out of 20
participants, 7 participants from the age of 21- 20 says are agree that drinking alcohol damage
the body parts to large extent.
5) Cross tab of age with mental health
Crosstab
Count
Do ypu think alchol affect mental health? Total

Strongly
agree
Agree Neutra
l
Disagr
ee
Strongly
disagree
At what age have
you started
drinking alchol?
Below 15 0 0 0 2 1 3
16-20 0 0 2 3 1 6
21-30 2 1 2 0 1 6
31 and
older 2 3 0 0 0 5
Total 4 4 4 5 3 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 19.611a 12 .075
Likelihood Ratio 25.230 12 .014
Linear-by-Linear Association 10.362 1 .001
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .990 .075
Cramer's V .572 .075
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.739 .089 -4.647 .000c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.748 .090 -4.783 .000c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: With the assemble data from participants it is analysed that 5 participants from
the age of 16- 20 answers that they are disagree that the mental piece is being affected by
drinking alcohol. They say while taking alcohol they release their stress.
6) Cross tab of age with alcohol additional clinic
Crosstab
Count
Do yopu think alchol addition clinics will helpful to
treat alcholic people?
Total
Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral Disagre
e
Strongly
disagree
At what age have
you started
drinking alchol?
Below
15 0 0 2 0 1 3
16-20 0 1 1 3 1 6
21-30 1 2 1 1 1 6
31 and
older 3 2 0 0 0 5
Total 4 5 4 4 3 20
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 17.478a 12 .132
Likelihood Ratio 19.685 12 .073
Linear-by-Linear Association 7.354 1 .007
N of Valid Cases 20
Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .935 .132
Cramer's V .540 .132
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.622 .123 -3.371 .003c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.648 .129 -3.607 .002c
N of Valid Cases 20

Interpretation: With the accumulated data it is being discussed that the age of 16- 20 and
31 above answers that they are agree with the thought that alcoholic can be treated well while
they are in clinic.

Discussion
There is feeling of anxiety in alcoholism which happens after hangover. When a person is
already having a show of anxiety then hangover is the worst symptom which alcoholic person
will have to face. Drinking alcohol then increase an individual’s ability to feel anxious in
different situations will stop when a person drink, he has to respond to all the queues around him.
Venom person is alcoholic, there is problem in managing all the threatening and neutral
situation’s.
Conclusion
Drinking heavily and regularly consist of Having symptoms of depression. It is known that it
creates difficulty in separating effect and cause. Do you do this, whether drinking alcohol is
causing an individual to experience symptoms of depression, there is major impact upon N
chemical system. There are several medications described for such people so that they can have a
urge to stop drinking alcohol.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Axley, P.D., Richardson, C.T. and Singal, A.K., 2019. Epidemiology of alcohol consumption
and societal burden of alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. Clinics in liver
disease, 23(1), pp.39-50.
Wang, S.H., Lv, Y.D., Sui, Y., Liu, S., Wang, S.J. and Zhang, Y.D., 2018. Alcoholism detection
by data augmentation and convolutional neural network with stochastic pooling. Journal
of medical systems, 42(1), pp.1-11.
ROMANOVA, E.S., SHILOVA, T.A., ARZUMANOV, Y.L., TYUTCHENKO, A.M. and
AKHTYAN, A.G., 2019. Impairment of cognitive sphere among adolescents with a
family history of alcoholism. Revista ESPACIOS, 40(36).
Online
https://www.healthline.com/health/alcoholism/basics#symptoms