Understanding Alcohol Misuse Among Older Adults

This assignment requires an analysis of research papers concerning alcohol misuse among older adults. Students are tasked with examining the consequences of this issue, exploring various integrated treatment models employed, and analyzing relevant UK alcohol policies addressing the problem.

Alcohol use in Southwark
compared to England

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF SOUTHWARK..........................................................................3
HEALTH ISSUE IN THE SOUTHWARK.....................................................................................4
WHO IS AFFECTED BY THE HEALTH ISSUE..........................................................................5
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ..................................................................................6
POLICY ISSUE RELATING TO SOUTHWARK.........................................................................7
PUBLIC HEALTH PROVISION IN TO THE SOUTHWARK.....................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Health is the most significant factor for a human being to convey their daily activities and
to vary the responsibilities as a human being (Katritzky, 2014). In the modern era, most people
focus on maintaining health and due to this, they take healthy food and advices of the experts on
health related issues. People has adopted exercise, jogging and yoga in their life which helps
them to remain fit body and mind which help to them to perform their daily routine work and
business in more appropriate and efficient manner. Economic and social factors have huge
impact on health of the people, income and wealth is having huge impact on the living standards
and as well as it makes an impact on to maintain the physical health and mental pressure. This
report is based on the Southwark of the England and it focuses on using alcohol in that particular
area. Limited use of alcohol is useful and effective for the human body but overdose of it and
regular intake of alcohol can make a negative impact on human body which are given under this
report.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF SOUTHWARK
Southwark is a part of inner London which is having own significance in the historical
point of view (Rao, 2015). Demographic profile includes information about population,
unemployment, poverty and housing which are given under here in the below mentioned points;
Population of the Southwark: According to the Census of 2001, this particular area is
having population 288,283.
Ethnicity: People which are living in that particular area is containing 63% of the White
race of people, Black African people are 16% and 8% of the people are the Black Caribbean.
Gender: As the Southwark is a part of older London most of the people which are living
are the traditional (Petersson, Tikkanen and Schmidt, 2016). This particular area is having an
equivalent ratio of males and female gender, 142,618 is the number male candidates in particular

area which is 49.5% of the total population. Female gender accounts for 145,665 which are
50.5% of the total number of people living in Southwark.
Age: It is related to proportion of t age factor in total number of people in the Southwark,
age group of 25 to 34 is having 12.4%. People who are having across the age of 65 are having
covered 16.4% of the total number of people (Winstock, Kaar and Borschmann, 2014).
Life Expectancy: In the males it is 77.8 years and in the females 82.9 years, males are
having less life expectancy compare to the females.
Mortality: In the year of 2014, it was 1400 death on 100,000 people.
Unemployment: This particular area was having 8.7% of unemployment ratio in the year
of 2011 which has decreased in the year of 2014 now it was 7.7% (Rao, 2013).
Poverty: 22% of the people living in the Southwark are having less payment.
Housing: 31% of the population has their own home in the Southwark and they are
working according to the council housing in which they are providing houses to those people
who are not having enough purchasing power and they are providing houses to people who are
having low income (Rao, Buxey and Jalloh, 2010).
The above presented brief provide information of demographic factor of the Southwark,
according to this 22% of people are working below poverty level which can make a negative
impact on their lifestyle and as well as it can make a compulsion on them to not maintain their
proper health by taking a healthy diet. Most of the people are not having enough resources to
maintain their life style and enjoy alcohol makes an adverse impact on their health also.
HEALTH ISSUE IN THE SOUTHWARK
Health issue: The main health issue which is faced by people which living in the Southwark
is bad lifestyle of people which has took more than 300 lives in between the 2006 to 2008.
Mainly people are taking higher dose of alcohol which is making an adverse impact on their
health so it is essential for government to make better policies by which they can reduce number
of death and illness from higher use of Alcohol (Rao, 2014). In between 2007 to 2009, 1400
cases were registered in hospitals which are related to illness because of the Alcohol.
Mortality: 75 deaths had recorded in the year 2008 from the cause of overdose of the
alcohol from daily use (Crome, Crome and Rao, 2011). Higher dose of alcohol have created bad
impact on the health which can cause death also so it is essential for people to take it in an in

prescribed dose which can help the people to perform their human activities and as well as also
in the business activities.
Health issue in brief: In the year of 2008, 75 deaths were tracked and alcohol was the main
cause in those death and it showed the seriousness of issue on the human health so it is essential
for people who are living in the Southwark to make a self control on it. More than 45% of people
are taking higher dose of alcohol which is making bad impact on health (Melendez-Torres and
Bourne, 2016). People who needs house are taking more than limits which is creating a mental
illness and also it is making a bad impact on the physical level also.
Prevalence of health issue: In the year of 2008, more than 3250 people were admitted in
the health care organisation to take a remedy on adverse influence of the over dose of alcohol
(Ahmed-Landeryou, 2012). So health and social care organisations are taking it on serious note
and as well as government has made many policies to reduce intake of alcohol in adults and use
their power in positive manner to improve the economy.
WHO IS AFFECTED BY THE HEALTH ISSUE
Health inequalities: It is related to the distribution of the health facilities in between the
different group of the people. It is essential for the government to provide all of the basic
essential facilities to the people which are living in the Southwark so they have to make a proper
analysis of the needs of the people which are living in this area and are having huge needs of the
health care. Authorized organisations like NHS has to make a proper and appropriate survey of
the Southwark to make an analysis of the health needs of the people which are living in this area
and they have to make appropriate recommendations for the people which are taking alcohol in
the higher dose (Roberts and Townshend, 2013). They have to make a equalities in the health
determinants by which they can provide health and social care services to all group of people.
They have to make a proper analysis of the people which are living in the Southwark.
It is essential to identify the people which are affected by the health issue so some of the
factors are here which tells about the people which are affected by this serious kind of health
issue; People which are having housing needs; Most of these people takes alcohol in higher
dose which are not having their own resident (Hohl and Stanko, 2015). In the Southwark
just 31% people are having their own occupied home so it is essential for the house

council to provide a proper accommodation and residence to the people which are having
a need to protect them from this bad habit. People which are working in lower payments; Most of the people which are living
below poverty level and which are not having enough resource of enjoyment has use
alcohol in higher quantity which makes an adverse impact on their health (Crome and
Rao, 2011). These people are mentally sick and they take it in higher dose to keep them
away from the mental tension and pressure.
Social determinants factors:It is having huge impact on the people which are living in the
Southwark, income and wealth distribution has to be equal in the people by which they can make
a better services in them. Inequalities in the salaries are making a huge difference in providing
health care among the residents of the Southwark (Hohl and Stanko, 2015). Council of the
Southwark has to make an analysis of the people which are having unemployed and they have to
provide them proper employment which can help to them to make a better support in the
economical development of the Southwark.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
It is economical and social conditions and spread out the of these in between the people
which makes an impact on them and group of the people. These factors are mainly related to the
health promotion in the particular geographical area (Crome and Rao, 2011). Divide of income,
wealth, influences and power is having huge impacts on the health promotions and these are the
main factors of the health determinants which works on the individuals. Some of the factors are
here which is impacting on the health of the people in the Southwark in the below presented
points;
Unemployment: It is a big issue is motivating and leading people towards to the use of alcohol
so it is essential for the people which are not having a any employment in the Southwark to use
their time in a social care (Crome, Crome and Rao, 2011). Most of the unemployed people are
waste their time in intoxicating which is making an adverse impact on the health and as well as
they interrupts public also.
Poor housing: Only 31% people which are having their own residence in the Southwark which
is making compulsion to others which are not having their own house in the particular area
(Roberts and Townshend, 2013). People which are not having a their own residence are taking
house on rent which is not a fix residence so they have to take loans to make their own residence

in the Southwark. It makes a compulsion on the people to take alcohol in higher dose to maintain
the heat level in their body and to resist against to the cold climate.
Low income: More than 22% of people are working in the lower payments so these people are
not able to take higher class of medical services. These people are having huge mental pressure
to survive in their life so they use alcohol to reduce this pressure and feel free from this pressure
(Winstock, Kaar and Borschmann, 2014). They are taking higher dose of the alcohol which is
creating a negative impact on their health and as well as it is creating a adverse influence on their
decision making power and understanding abilities so it is essential for the Council of the
Southwark to take a better action on it by which they can ensure the betterment of these peoples.
POLICY ISSUE RELATING TO SOUTHWARK
As the Southwark is facing an issue that people are taking higher quantities of the alcohol
which is impacting on the people's health. Many of the factors are impacting on the residents and
which is making a compulsion on them to take higher quantity of the alcohol (Rao and Shanks,
2011). It is an issue which has to be took by the Southwark council on the serious note and they
have made Southwark Alcohol Strategy for the year from 2013 to 2016. One more policy is
made by the Southwark Council which is Southwark Health and Well-being strategy 2015-2020.
National policy on alcohol: National government of the UK has a made policy on the Alcohol to
reduce the intake of the alcohol for the public welfare and well being. This alcohol policy has
made in the year 2002 which make a direct impacts on the people which are taking alcohol in the
higher quantities (Johnsen and Fitzpatrick, 2010). They had made a licensing act in between
2003 to 2005 which has created a lot of changes in the practising of the use of the alcohol by the
individuals (Rao, 2013). It makes a tie on the people which are taking alcohol without any limits.
Local policies on the Southwark for the alcohol:
Southwark alcohol strategy 2013 to 2016: This strategy is based on the analysis of the residents
of the Southwark. It is based on the evidences which they have collected by making survey on
the conditions of the particular geographical area so it is essential or the government and council
to make a proper action by using this strategy on the actual conditions of the Southwark.
Well Being Strategy 2015-2020: According to this policy each and every people which are living
in the Southwark is having right to be healthy and well being of them. People which are taking
higher quantities of the alcohol is making negating impacts on their family and as well as it is
making a negative effect on the society (Johnsen and Fitzpatrick, 2010). So it is essential for the

local and national government to make a better implementation of the policy in the actual
conditions of the geographical area. NHS is having the main role to make a better environment in
the
According to the Katritzky (2014), Southwark alcohol strategy is having many of the
qualities which can make a positive impact on the public healths and as well as it can help to the
council to make a better social environment in the particular area. It is based on the analysis of
the particular area and it is having solutions of the particular problems. So it is having accurate
solutions which can help to the council to make a better social environment and as well as for the
well being of the people. According to the alcohol strategy, it decide limits on the intake of the
alcohol of each and every people. They have to make a proper implementation as per the needs
of the area by which they can ensure the success of the strategy which is the main motive of it.
PUBLIC HEALTH PROVISION IN TO THE SOUTHWARK
Public health provision aims at promoting health through structured efforts and relevant
information. The art of preventing a disease to promote the health safety and prolonging the
average rate of life in UK (Rao, 2015). In Southwark England majority of people are engaged in
practices related to alcohol consumption. The excessive consumption of alcohol is having an
adverse impact on the society of Southwark England. This results in domestic violence, crime
and anti-social behaviour. Southwark have the highest alcohol attributable recorded crime in UK.
So government and the NHS is taking steps which can prevent these activities. 147 out of 152
people drink alcohol and commits crime which is a very high rate. Alcohol costs NHS for about
£2.7 billion (Ahmed-Landeryou, 2012). And crime related to it cost £7.3 billion which is a huge
number to improve this scenario government is taking measures they are brought into evidence
by NICE(national institute for health and clinical excellence). NICE recommends minimum
pricing should be abolished, reducing the availability of alcohol, protecting children and young
people from it and using strict licensing rules to prevent the dealing of alcohol these measures
can prevent the people from consuming alcohol. There are three types of drinkers in which the
people of Southwark are categorised and it is lower risk drinker- those who do not drink
regularly, increasing risk drinker- regularly drinks more that the lower risk drinkers and high risk
drinkers- those who consumes heavy amount of alcohol in a day (Petersson, Tikkanen and
Schmidt, 2016). These people are at risk according to their consumption capacity. The misuse of
alcohol is tackled in following ways in Southwark:

• New strategies which aims at developing multi-agencies for the dealership of alcohol.
• Advice training to prevent the use of alcohol is provides by the professionals like- army, police,
experts etc.
• The Night Time Economy Team is appointed to work on preventing the crime which are
caused due to consumption of alcohol (Rao, Buxey and Jalloh, 2010).
•Licensing to reduce illegal sales of alcohol in the Southwark area
• Southwark Alcohol Clinical Network have developed treatment to provide aids to the drinkers
and the people who are suffering from the addiction of alcohol.
All of these provisions have resulted in improving the health of the people in Southwark
England to prevent the use of alcohol in the community of people to reduce the crime rate and
the consequences caused by alcohol consumption. Alcohol can cause many related disease which
can be harmful for the people it is the duty of the government to take a record of it and give
related provisions to help out the people to overcome such problems. So government of UK is
working with NHS and NICE to improve the situation which is being caused by alcohol in
Southwark England (Melendez-Torres and Bourne, 2016). This can lead to a major problem for
the country so it has to be rectified because the health of the citizen is the first and foremost duty
of the government.
CONCLUSION
Alcohol have been a major threat to the health of people all around the globe. The
inequalities in health have been briefly discussed in this project. This project report involves the
relation of alcohol with health issues that the common people in Southwark. The project has also
focused on the health inequality in consideration to the social determinants of health such as
unemployment, poor conditioned housing, mental ill health and low income of the people in the
middle class society. The report has dealt with the national and policies that have been effecting
the health and social care and the issues faced by society regarding the same. The intentions of
the national and local legislative bodies regarding the health issues and social care issues that has
been caused by alcohol consumption are also a part of the discussion. The project report has also
highlighted the background of public health and the future of controlling it positively.

REFERENCES
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Rao, R., 2013. Outcomes from liaison psychiatry referrals for older people with alcohol use
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Rao, R. and Shanks, A., 2011. Development and implementation of a dual diagnosis strategy for
older people in south east London. Advances in Dual Diagnosis. 4(1). pp.28-35.
Winstock, A.R., Kaar, S. and Borschmann, R., 2014. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): prevalence,
user characteristics and abuse liability in a large global sample. Journal of
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