Impact of Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Alzheimer in NZ - Report
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Added on 2020-09-03
Impact of Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Alzheimer in NZ - Report
Added on 2020-09-03
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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASES1.3 B REPORTImpact of pharmacotherapy in the management of Alzheimer in NZINTRODUCTIONThe below report is based upon a common health disorder prevailing in NewZealand (NZ) where the impact of its entire pharmacotherapy has been specified over here.It has been done to scrutinize the management of the chosen disorder named Alzheimer(Begg, 2002). Though, the New Zealanders are known to lead a healthy lifestyle, but it isnot applicable to all age groups. It is mainly due to its ageing population that is rapidlygrowing at a higher pace. 88% of health-related issues in NZ are related to the prevalenceof non-communicable diseases resulting into long term physical and mental conditions with8% due to some sort of injuries, etc.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMERPathophysiology is a way of determining the mechanism of the disease by referringto the development of such conditions that lead to the progression of the undertaken healthissue. This section is to discuss upon the pathophysiology of Alzheimer which is referred tobe a very common form of dementia related to neurological issues affecting the brain of anindividual (Rahman and Choudhary, 2014). Alzheimer is stated to account approximately60-80% of cases related to dementia. Alzheimer directly results in loss of memory that evengets worse with time and starts impacting upon the routine activities of the person sufferingfrom it. With a similar context to it, below is the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease-Alzheimer disease is firstly referred to affect the 3 leading procedures that areresponsible for a healthy neuron such as communication, repair and metabolism.Due to which, some nerve cells involved in the brain of an individual stops working.It happens once after the connection between the nerve cells disconnects and die atthe end.Such type of demolition and decease of the nerve cells present in the brain leads to afailed memory that in turn changes the personality of the individual where theylater face challenges in attempting their routine activities.1
Etiology defines the unknown cause of the disease where it duly states about the riskfactors involved in the occurrence of the disease. Likewise, the etiology of Alzheimerdisease are as referred below-Advancing age of an individualAny previous history in the family with similar case of Alzheimer diseaseAPOE 4 genotype which is genetic in natureObesityResistance to insulinVascular factorsHypertensionAny inflammatory markersDown syndromeAny traumatic injury in the brain affecting the neural structureINCIDENCE AND STATISTICS PREVALENT TO ALZHEIMERThis is on considering the prevalence of Alzheimer in NZ where in accordance to thestatistics presented in their governmental record, near about 50, 000 individuals sufferfrom Alzheimer every year. This ratio is expected to raise by the end of the year 2050 whenthere will be more than 150,000 individuals suffering from dementia (Brahmachari,2013).It is referred to be a burdening disease in NZ directly impacting upon their undertakenbudget to manage such concerned health issues. At present, the total fiscal cost ofAlzheimer disease in NZ is estimated to be $712.9 million in the year 2008 where thisindicated the lowest financial support by NZ contributed for the research of Alzheimerdisease by NZ in comparison to all other OECD nations. Also, Alzheimer disease is rankedat 4th leading position that results into the expiry of the population suffering from it andinvolves a majority of individuals ageing 65 years and above. 2
ALL KIND OF DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMERIt is on considering a systematic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease where it is a noncurable disease and hence cannot be healed entirely. Its only treatment is medication toease of its deterrent symptoms arises in an individual such as loss of memory, learingissues, communication problems, etc. However, a proper usage of medicine helps in slowingdown the process of deteriorating this disease for a better and longer functioning of anindividual’s brain suffering from it. Although, there do not exists any such medicinaltreatment that can completely cure Alzheimer disease, medication is a single alternative toslow down the cause and affect of Alzheimer’s. In context to which, there exists suchtherapeutic treatments that can slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease bytemporarily alleviating its associated syndromes (MacLeod, Vella-Brincat and Macleod,2015). With reference to which, there exists two leading type of medication that arenormally used for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. This involves NMDA receptorantagonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also termed as cholinesterase inhibitors.Both of these drugs work in distinct manner and are as delineated below-Cholinesterase inhibitors further involves three distinct type of inhibitors known asdonepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine.Into which, the first inhibitor namely donepezil was primitively patented asAricept as its brand name which is now available as generic donepezil and iswidely known with the aforesaid name. Donepezil is also referred to be areversible and specific inhibitor of the drug named acetylcholinesterasewhich is a registered medicine in New Zealand used for the treatment ofAlzheimer’s (Alzheimer's disease - causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention,2013). It is together used for the symptomatic treatment of vasculardementia. It is also referred to be one of the most effective way for thetreatment of moderate Alzheimer disease. Aricept is available in the form oftablet and can be easily swallowed as a disintegrating pill. Its initial dosage isof 5mg once in a day and can be increased to 10mg per day after 4 to 6 weeksof the first dosage. It however depends upon the tolerability of the patient3
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