Amoxicillin for Pneumonia

Running head: AMOXICILLIN FOR PNEUMONIA
AMOXICILLIN FOR PNEUMONIA
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AMOXICILLIN FOR PNEUMONIA
Bacterial infection:
Bacterial pneumonia can be defined as the common lung infection where the air sacks of
the lungs become inflamed. These sacs are then seen to get filled with fluid, pus as well as
cellular debris. Bacterial pneumonia can result in affecting one portion of the lung or as the full
lung as a whole (Nascimento-Carvalho et al., 2017). This disorder mainly affects the capacity of
the body to get enough oxygen for the blood and therefore the cells are seen to fail severely to
work properly.
Microorganism that causes the disorder:
Streptococcus pneumonia is mainly the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia that enter
the lungs through inhalation or can also enter through the bloodstream. Haemophilus influenza is
the second type of bacterial organisms that mainly stay in the upper respiratory tract of the
individuals and only affects the body when the immune system is weakened (Xiang et al., 2016).
Smoking, working in an environment with lot of pollution as well as living or working in
hospitals increases the chance of the infection.
Pathophysiology and mechanism leading to the disorder:
From the evidence based articles that are found, it is seen that once the microorganisms
enter inside the alveoli, they are seen to travel to the spaces between the cells and even between
the adjacent alveoli by the creation of pores. This invasion is mainly seen to trigger the immune
response of the body by sending the WBC to attack the bacteria. These neutrophils are then sent
engulf the bacteria and thereby releasing the cytokines that result in general activation of the
immune system causing various symptoms like fever, child and fatigue (Biedenbach et al.,
2015). Researchers have stated that these neutrophils, bacteria along with fluid that is leaked

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AMOXICILLIN FOR PNEUMONIA
from the surrounding blood vessels results in the filling of the alveoli and therefore impairment
in the oxygen transportation takes place. Mucus production is increased and therefore leaky
capillaries may tinge the mucus with the blood. Mucus plugs further decreases the efficiency of
the gas exchange in the lung (Barrera et al., 2016).
Drug that is used:
Amoxicillin is one the widely used antibiotic drug that mainly belongs to the group of the
penicillin. They are mainly helpful in treating various kinds of bacterial infections like that of
bacterial pneumonia. It mainly works by preventing the growth of the bacteria and thereby
killing them. Some of the side effects that are included are diarrhea, tooth discoloration and
candidiasis (Rajapakse et al., 2016).
Mechanism of action:
Amoxicillin is a derivative of ampicillin and is of the members of the same family like
that of the penicillins. They are actually β-lactam antibiotic. This is mainly seen to inhibit the
cross linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that are mainly responsible for
the making up of the major component of the cell wall of Gram positive bacteria and some gram
negative bacteria (Tshefu et al., 2015). Thereby there is inhibition in the third as well as the last
stage of bacterial wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then seen to take place by the autolytic enzymes of
the bacterial cells walls like that of the autolysins. Many researchers are of the opinion that this
medication mainly interferes with the autolysin inhibitor.
Pharmacokinetics: