Exploration of Biogas Generation in Rural Gujarat, India
Added on 2023-04-20
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An exploration of Biogas Generation in the rural region of Gujarat, India
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 2
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my supervisor Dr. who
have constantly motivated and supported me to complete this research. You have been a
tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging my spirit and patience and
for allowing me to grow through the course of this research. Without this support and guidance
and I would not be able to complete my work. The knowledge that I have received from you is
invaluable. I would also like to thank my associates, fellow researchers, farmers who have
contributed in their manner and without their support this research would have been difficult. I
would especially like to thank the faculty members who have supported greatly throughout my
entire course during my Master thesis. An extended gratitude and thanks for friends and fellow
mates in research who have also supported me mentally while this course work was being done. I
would also like to acknowledge the effort of family members who have relentlessly supported
me and sacrificed enormously which have allowed me complete the research. Along with I
would like to thank all the farmers who have responded to my request ad have provide with me
the necessary support and information without which this research would have been not possible.
My sincere gratitude and thankfulness also goes out to the government agencies for allowing to
use their information for the course of the study. I would also like to extend the thanks to the
librarian, and technical support who have greatly contributed in the successful completion of this
research. None the less I would like to thank Microsoft Word for immense support they have
provided for compiling the research in a digital format. Finally I would like to thank almighty for
providing me the perseverance and patience for research.
.
GUJARAT, INDIA 2
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my supervisor Dr. who
have constantly motivated and supported me to complete this research. You have been a
tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging my spirit and patience and
for allowing me to grow through the course of this research. Without this support and guidance
and I would not be able to complete my work. The knowledge that I have received from you is
invaluable. I would also like to thank my associates, fellow researchers, farmers who have
contributed in their manner and without their support this research would have been difficult. I
would especially like to thank the faculty members who have supported greatly throughout my
entire course during my Master thesis. An extended gratitude and thanks for friends and fellow
mates in research who have also supported me mentally while this course work was being done. I
would also like to acknowledge the effort of family members who have relentlessly supported
me and sacrificed enormously which have allowed me complete the research. Along with I
would like to thank all the farmers who have responded to my request ad have provide with me
the necessary support and information without which this research would have been not possible.
My sincere gratitude and thankfulness also goes out to the government agencies for allowing to
use their information for the course of the study. I would also like to extend the thanks to the
librarian, and technical support who have greatly contributed in the successful completion of this
research. None the less I would like to thank Microsoft Word for immense support they have
provided for compiling the research in a digital format. Finally I would like to thank almighty for
providing me the perseverance and patience for research.
.
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 3
Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Locational details of the Study Area ............................................................................................... 9
History of the Study Area ............................................................................................................. 10
Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 11
Research Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................. 11
Research rationale ..................................................................................................................... 11
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Literature review ....................................................................................................................... 13
Methodology of the research..................................................................................................... 15
Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 15
Collection of data and analysis ............................................................................................. 15
Research Approach ............................................................................................................... 15
Research Tools ...................................................................................................................... 16
Ethical considerations: .......................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 18
An Introduction to Biogas ......................................................................................................... 18
Biogas Generation: A technological Perspective ...................................................................... 20
Composition of Bio gas Facilities ................................................................................................. 21
History of Biogas in India ............................................................................................................. 22
Rural Biogas Initiatives by MNRE: The current scenario ........................................................ 23
Biogas: A promising future ........................................................................................................... 25
GUJARAT, INDIA 3
Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Locational details of the Study Area ............................................................................................... 9
History of the Study Area ............................................................................................................. 10
Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................ 11
Research Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................. 11
Research rationale ..................................................................................................................... 11
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Literature review ....................................................................................................................... 13
Methodology of the research..................................................................................................... 15
Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 15
Collection of data and analysis ............................................................................................. 15
Research Approach ............................................................................................................... 15
Research Tools ...................................................................................................................... 16
Ethical considerations: .......................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 18
An Introduction to Biogas ......................................................................................................... 18
Biogas Generation: A technological Perspective ...................................................................... 20
Composition of Bio gas Facilities ................................................................................................. 21
History of Biogas in India ............................................................................................................. 22
Rural Biogas Initiatives by MNRE: The current scenario ........................................................ 23
Biogas: A promising future ........................................................................................................... 25
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 4
Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Exploration of Biogas use in Anand district of Gujarat ................................................................ 27
Farmers Interview and analysis of the bio gas usage in Anand and adjacent region. ............... 29
Farmer 1 ................................................................................................................................ 30
Farmer 2 ................................................................................................................................ 31
Farmer 3 ................................................................................................................................ 33
Farmer 4 ................................................................................................................................ 34
Farmer 5 ................................................................................................................................ 36
Farmer 6 ................................................................................................................................ 38
Farmer 7 ................................................................................................................................ 39
Farmer 8 ................................................................................................................................ 41
Factors promoting generation of bio gas in the study area ....................................................... 43
Availability of Raw Materials ............................................................................................... 43
Availability of space and water............................................................................................. 43
Cost feasibility ...................................................................................................................... 44
Government subsidies and support programs ....................................................................... 44
Factors affecting the growth of bio gas in the study area ......................................................... 45
Continuous supply of raw materials.......................................................................................... 45
Lack of awareness among the public ........................................................................................ 45
Regulatory and infrastructural barriers ..................................................................................... 46
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 46
Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 48
The facilitation of awareness programs .................................................................................... 48
Continuous supply of raw materials.......................................................................................... 48
GUJARAT, INDIA 4
Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Exploration of Biogas use in Anand district of Gujarat ................................................................ 27
Farmers Interview and analysis of the bio gas usage in Anand and adjacent region. ............... 29
Farmer 1 ................................................................................................................................ 30
Farmer 2 ................................................................................................................................ 31
Farmer 3 ................................................................................................................................ 33
Farmer 4 ................................................................................................................................ 34
Farmer 5 ................................................................................................................................ 36
Farmer 6 ................................................................................................................................ 38
Farmer 7 ................................................................................................................................ 39
Farmer 8 ................................................................................................................................ 41
Factors promoting generation of bio gas in the study area ....................................................... 43
Availability of Raw Materials ............................................................................................... 43
Availability of space and water............................................................................................. 43
Cost feasibility ...................................................................................................................... 44
Government subsidies and support programs ....................................................................... 44
Factors affecting the growth of bio gas in the study area ......................................................... 45
Continuous supply of raw materials.......................................................................................... 45
Lack of awareness among the public ........................................................................................ 45
Regulatory and infrastructural barriers ..................................................................................... 46
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 46
Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 48
The facilitation of awareness programs .................................................................................... 48
Continuous supply of raw materials.......................................................................................... 48
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 5
Financial provisions through community groups or individual loans. ..................................... 48
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 50
List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................. 53
Image1: ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Image 2: ........................................................................................................................................ 54
GUJARAT, INDIA 5
Financial provisions through community groups or individual loans. ..................................... 48
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 50
List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................. 53
Image1: ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Image 2: ........................................................................................................................................ 54
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 6
Abstract
Biogas Generation is one of the major sustainable means of cleaner sources of fuel generation
and is cost effective and easy to implement. With the increasing environmental degradation it is
immensely necessary that the technologies that support alternate sources of energy are
researched, innovated and invented to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment. In
India the rural environments are devoid of most amenities and one of them being energy. The
rural communities greatly depend on biomass but they do not utilize these resources to their
fullest potential and the environment impact of using biomass such as wood or other forms of
biomass are great. These biomass when converted to energy resources can yield immense energy
and power and the potential that biogas has can bring about a revolutionary change in the field of
sustainable energy production. The implementation of biogas in rural regions needs adequate
policy development, implementation and management through the development of the resources
and can help the rural communities to be self-reliant and independent. The research conducted
finds out the possibility of implementing biogas generation in the area of Anand, a district of the
state of Gujarat in India and its adjacent region. The research looks into the factors that facilitate
the generation of biogas in the region and also compares the barriers that affect the adoption of
biogas facilities within the study area.
GUJARAT, INDIA 6
Abstract
Biogas Generation is one of the major sustainable means of cleaner sources of fuel generation
and is cost effective and easy to implement. With the increasing environmental degradation it is
immensely necessary that the technologies that support alternate sources of energy are
researched, innovated and invented to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment. In
India the rural environments are devoid of most amenities and one of them being energy. The
rural communities greatly depend on biomass but they do not utilize these resources to their
fullest potential and the environment impact of using biomass such as wood or other forms of
biomass are great. These biomass when converted to energy resources can yield immense energy
and power and the potential that biogas has can bring about a revolutionary change in the field of
sustainable energy production. The implementation of biogas in rural regions needs adequate
policy development, implementation and management through the development of the resources
and can help the rural communities to be self-reliant and independent. The research conducted
finds out the possibility of implementing biogas generation in the area of Anand, a district of the
state of Gujarat in India and its adjacent region. The research looks into the factors that facilitate
the generation of biogas in the region and also compares the barriers that affect the adoption of
biogas facilities within the study area.
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 7
Introduction
Biogas being one of the major sources of alternate fuel, it is important to understand the
factors that promote growth of biogas generation and the factors that hinder the growth of
generation of the biogas. The various forms of bio fuel are the promising source of energy in the
future to come. Bio fuels have the potential to be a sustainable solution to growing energy crisis
of tomorrow. The potential of the bio fuels as an alternate source of energy and as a sustainable
source of energy is immense. With the growing issues of global warming and environmental
pollution, bio fuels such as biogas can be a promising alternative to the meet the energy demand
and promote self-sufficiency in addressing energy issues at a micro level (Das, Goswami and
Hazarika, 2017).
The aim of the research is to conduct a detailed analysis of the alternate sources of fuel
generation and identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the generation of bio fuels. The
objective of the research is to identify the sustainable technologies that can promote generation
growth of bio gas. The objective of the research is also to find out the factors that act as
hindrances in generation of bio gas in rural India and provide a recommendation from the
derived results that can be implemented in the rural backdrop of India. Unofficially biomass
constitutes a major portion of the national energy demand meeting the needs of the most remote
places in the country. The major share of the rural population meet their energy demands through
various forms of bio mass mostly regarded as low grade fuels.
The biogas technology is one of the most important aspect that has the potential to reduce
rural poverty and can be an effective tool in addressing the issues of environmental degradation
and sustainability. The government of India and the respective state governments provide
facilities, training and funding to promote such alternate options of energy.
Natural gas or bio gas options have been developed from the idea of managing the bio
mass generated mostly from cow dungs and organic matter. In order to find a management
system of the huge amount of bio matter accumulated the installation of biogas plants have been
introduced. The major ingredient of the biogas plants is the cow dung collected from the local
resources and the domestic animal resources (Rabindranath and Rao, 2011).
GUJARAT, INDIA 7
Introduction
Biogas being one of the major sources of alternate fuel, it is important to understand the
factors that promote growth of biogas generation and the factors that hinder the growth of
generation of the biogas. The various forms of bio fuel are the promising source of energy in the
future to come. Bio fuels have the potential to be a sustainable solution to growing energy crisis
of tomorrow. The potential of the bio fuels as an alternate source of energy and as a sustainable
source of energy is immense. With the growing issues of global warming and environmental
pollution, bio fuels such as biogas can be a promising alternative to the meet the energy demand
and promote self-sufficiency in addressing energy issues at a micro level (Das, Goswami and
Hazarika, 2017).
The aim of the research is to conduct a detailed analysis of the alternate sources of fuel
generation and identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the generation of bio fuels. The
objective of the research is to identify the sustainable technologies that can promote generation
growth of bio gas. The objective of the research is also to find out the factors that act as
hindrances in generation of bio gas in rural India and provide a recommendation from the
derived results that can be implemented in the rural backdrop of India. Unofficially biomass
constitutes a major portion of the national energy demand meeting the needs of the most remote
places in the country. The major share of the rural population meet their energy demands through
various forms of bio mass mostly regarded as low grade fuels.
The biogas technology is one of the most important aspect that has the potential to reduce
rural poverty and can be an effective tool in addressing the issues of environmental degradation
and sustainability. The government of India and the respective state governments provide
facilities, training and funding to promote such alternate options of energy.
Natural gas or bio gas options have been developed from the idea of managing the bio
mass generated mostly from cow dungs and organic matter. In order to find a management
system of the huge amount of bio matter accumulated the installation of biogas plants have been
introduced. The major ingredient of the biogas plants is the cow dung collected from the local
resources and the domestic animal resources (Rabindranath and Rao, 2011).
AN EXPLORATION OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN THE RURAL REGION OF
GUJARAT, INDIA 8
Biogas can be used a cooking fuel, as an electricity and as biogas generation is feasible in
country like India which is agrarian, supply of resources is abundant the production of biogas can
be initiated at a mass scale. It is cost effective, feasible within a domestic and commercial
environment and can be initiated with minimum resources. The output and the carbon footprint
of biogas is greatly lesser than the conventional sources and the by-products have several usages
that are eco-friendly and sustainable in nature. With promoting biogas production, deforestation
can be addressed, since wood would be lesser used as source of cooking fuel. The use of cow
dung as a domestic fuels has been a long tradition in India and the cow dung was modified in
various forms such dung cakes and were used as cooking fuels and dung cakes.
The government has developed a national framework to foster the growth of natural gas
and bio gas generation through the National project on Biogas. The main aim of the project is to
provide the facilities that under one single roof so that alternate energy options similar to biogas
can be developed with less resistance and hindrances and at a cost effective manner. Several
Non-Governmental Organizations, have also come forward to deliver the end results in
cooperation with the stakeholders, the government and the plant owners to deliver an effective
result in the growing scenario. The has been a recent development in community based biogas
production which is one of the most promising evidences that prove that bio gas production is
likely to rise in the days to come.
The community biogas plants or the CBPs are one of the major instrumental installations
in the country most them being operated either by governmental organizations such as the Khadi
and Village Industries, the Biogas India and other similar associations. The energy produced by
the community based plants are used for meeting the demands of the cooking fuel, small
electrical units and domestic electricity demands.
The rural regions of India has always used sustainable means to derive energy and use of
bio mass have been very common. Apart from the national plan of implementing and using
biogas as a source of energy and fuel in India, the respective state governments have their own
framework to promote the development of the energy resources from means of bio mass and
transform a rather domestic centered industry to a more commercialized one.
The Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation or the GAIC performs as the central agency that
acts as a supplementary agency for the Directorate of Agriculture, and acts in disbursing
subsidies to the farmers under the schemes laid down by the different agencies. The GAIC also
implements various initiative s of installing Bio-gas schemes and projects through the field
GUJARAT, INDIA 8
Biogas can be used a cooking fuel, as an electricity and as biogas generation is feasible in
country like India which is agrarian, supply of resources is abundant the production of biogas can
be initiated at a mass scale. It is cost effective, feasible within a domestic and commercial
environment and can be initiated with minimum resources. The output and the carbon footprint
of biogas is greatly lesser than the conventional sources and the by-products have several usages
that are eco-friendly and sustainable in nature. With promoting biogas production, deforestation
can be addressed, since wood would be lesser used as source of cooking fuel. The use of cow
dung as a domestic fuels has been a long tradition in India and the cow dung was modified in
various forms such dung cakes and were used as cooking fuels and dung cakes.
The government has developed a national framework to foster the growth of natural gas
and bio gas generation through the National project on Biogas. The main aim of the project is to
provide the facilities that under one single roof so that alternate energy options similar to biogas
can be developed with less resistance and hindrances and at a cost effective manner. Several
Non-Governmental Organizations, have also come forward to deliver the end results in
cooperation with the stakeholders, the government and the plant owners to deliver an effective
result in the growing scenario. The has been a recent development in community based biogas
production which is one of the most promising evidences that prove that bio gas production is
likely to rise in the days to come.
The community biogas plants or the CBPs are one of the major instrumental installations
in the country most them being operated either by governmental organizations such as the Khadi
and Village Industries, the Biogas India and other similar associations. The energy produced by
the community based plants are used for meeting the demands of the cooking fuel, small
electrical units and domestic electricity demands.
The rural regions of India has always used sustainable means to derive energy and use of
bio mass have been very common. Apart from the national plan of implementing and using
biogas as a source of energy and fuel in India, the respective state governments have their own
framework to promote the development of the energy resources from means of bio mass and
transform a rather domestic centered industry to a more commercialized one.
The Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation or the GAIC performs as the central agency that
acts as a supplementary agency for the Directorate of Agriculture, and acts in disbursing
subsidies to the farmers under the schemes laid down by the different agencies. The GAIC also
implements various initiative s of installing Bio-gas schemes and projects through the field
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