Nurses and Care for Cancer Patients

This assignment analyzes the crucial role nurses play in caring for cancer patients. It delves into the specific needs of these patients, emphasizing the importance of emotional support, symptom management, and promoting a sense of well-being. The document also outlines best practices for nurses to effectively address the unique challenges presented by caring for individuals with cancer.

An investigation of the role and impact of nurses in
caring for cancer patients in palliative care settings
in the UK – A case study

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC:.............................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
Research Background.............................................................................................................4
Overview of Company...........................................................................................................4
Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................................5
Rationale.................................................................................................................................5
Chapter Structure....................................................................................................................6
REFLECTION.................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................8
THEME 1 The role of the nurses in caring for the cancer patients........................................8
THEME 2: to assess and influence the nursing interventions for caring the cancer patients.9
THEME 3: To determining the approaches of palliative care to the cancer patients...........10
THEME 4: Evaluating the impact of nursing efficiency in quality of palliative care settings
and overall health outcomes of cancer patients. .................................................................11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................12
Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
Research Approach...............................................................................................................13
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................13
Research design....................................................................................................................14
Data collection......................................................................................................................14
Sampling ..............................................................................................................................15
Data Analysis........................................................................................................................15
Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................15
Reliability and validity.........................................................................................................16
Research limitations.............................................................................................................16
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS....................................................................................17
Themes From Secondary Research ...............................................................................................17
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................23
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................23

RECOMMENDATION:.......................................................................................................24
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................26

TOPIC:
An investigation of the role and impact of nurses in caring for cancer patients in
palliative care settings in the UK – A case study
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Research Background
Health and Social care is one of the most sensitive part of economy as it is relates the
services which are available for health safety and well-being of people. Palliative care is on e of
the most essential system of the health and social care. Protective care is specialized in providing
medical facility to the people living with illness as though this facility it focuses and relied on
firm the symptoms as well as stress of a serious disease. This care facilitates an interdisciplinary
approach to bring more changes in medical sectors and nursing care for people with life limiting
illness. It mainly focus on minutely examining the services which provides relief from the
symptoms, pain, physical stress and mental stress at any stage of illness. The main purpose of
palliative care is to prevent as well as provide comfort to the people who are going such major
diseases termed as cancer. The life expectancy of cancer patients are max to max five years as
they face many challenges. The main purpose of protective care resultant in improving the
quality of life of patient and their family members. Thus, it undertakes the role-played by the
care givers are very significant in providing care and treatment in cancer patients. It is also very
important that in palliative care there must be qualified and trained team of doctors and
practitioners and nurses.
The treatment of cancer patient is very painful as it directly affects there moral and
strength of patient and this is the reason why the role of practitioners or care providers in very
significant. They are not only provide treatment, but they also render support to them. There are
three stages of cancer treatment which are first stage, second stage treatment and main phase of
treatment. This research examined the essential skills and knowledge which is carried by the
nurses, so that they can effectively engage in providing the comfort services to their patient. The
painful condition of the cancer patients can be difficult for the nurses to witness their emotional
bond which they develop between them and patient. Thus, researcher will use techniques and
methods to investigate the effective role and positive or negative of nurses in caring for cancer
patients in providing comfort services relating to care settings in the UK.

Overview of Company
Marie Curie is a one of the registered charitable organization in the United Kingdom that
enhances the dedicated support and care to people to face their illness in support with their
families. This charitable trust was founded in 1948 in context of same year as that of National
Health Service (Rodin and et.al., 2015). The focus of the company is relating to healthcare,
serious illness care, health policy, Endless of life care, nursing, developing and palliative care.
More than 4314 care workers are employed in this healthcare settings and about 11000
volunteers.
Aims and Objectives
Aim:
“ To investigate the effective role and positive or negative of nurses in caring for cancer
patients in providing comfort services relating to care settings in the UK: A case study on Marie
Curie Cancer Care”.
Objectives:
 To examine the effective role of nurses in putting extra efforts for caring the cancer
patients.
 To outline the factors which resultant in influence the strategies of nursing to interment
the caring for cancer patients.
 To determine the approaches of providing comfort services to care the cancer patients in
Marie Curie Cancer Care Centre.
 To evaluate the crucial impact of nursing in respect of quality of comfort services to
adapt the overall health outcomes of cancer patients.
Research Questions:
11 What are the effective role of nurses in putting extra efforts for caring the cancer
patients?11 What is the factors which resultant in influence the strategies of nursing to interment the
caring for cancer patients?

11 What are the factors to be determined while considering the approaches of providing
comfort services to care the cancer patients in Marie Curie Cancer Care Centre?11 How to evaluate the crucial impact of nursing in respect of quality of comfort services to
adapt the overall health outcomes of cancer patients?
Rationale
Researcher has selected this topic as there is lot of more information and changes in
techniques regarding the treatment of cancer patient. Researcher has chosen this topic is to
determine various importance and the role of nurses in palliative care of cancer patients. In
addition to this, cancer disease is of such nature related to broad subject of many researchers and
healthcare facilities are to be provided in such aspects. Researcher finds its important to
understand the role of nurses for cancer patients at palliative care because cancer is very sensitive
and one of the dangerous disease than compare to others. In addition to this, the services that is
provided by the care providers not only affect the health outcomes but it also leads to deep
impact on the mental health of patients by which nurses have to experienced emotional
breakdowns. On the other hand, academic interest of researcher is another reason for choosing
the topic as researcher has gain knowledge and understanding conducting research studies,
research methodologies and survey. Researcher also collect information from hospitals and
views that the nature of cancer patience are typical, and they need love and care at the time of
treatment. Family support is also important aspects in case of having the therapies and side
effects through such medicines and treatment. The role of nurses is major as they had to treat
such patients as child and also use various strategies to make them feel like they are in their
home.
Chapter Structure
Chapter 1: Introduction
This is to be the first part of the dissertation that present the overview of the topic in
detailed manner. Further, the brief information of company chosen as well as reason for choosing
the topic behind will also be included in this chapter. By reading this chapter, reader will
understand the main reason of the research which includes its aim, objectives and question based
on research question are included in this first phase.

Chapter 2: Literature Review
This is the second part of dissertation in which researcher will collect the information
from various articles and other secondary sources and make critical analysis of the information.
This chapter includes the reviews of various authors and also their information which they
collected by examining their current knowledge and findings as well as theoretical and
methodological contribution to the selected topic. All the informations are collected through
books, journals and internet. Researcher will make themes according to the research objectives
and the entire literature will be thematic.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
This is the third part of the dissertation in which researcher will define the term research
methodology which is basically defined as the systematic plan for making and conducting
research. It usually collects the data and information for making and taking the correct decision
of the company. It also involves the purpose of the research and draw the both types of
qualitative and quantitative research methods. It also involves the surveys, experiments,
participant observations and last secondary data for research(Kumar, R., 2019). The term
Research refers to the systematic and creative work which is undertaken for increasing the stock
of knowledge about the cancer disease, which basically involves the knowledge of the humans,
society, culture. It is basically established or confirm the facts, and new and existing problems.
And on the other hand methodology term refers to the theoretical analysis of the methods which
has been applied to the filed study about the patients.
Chapter 4: Data Collection and Interpretations
This is the 4 part of the dissertation where researcher will define the term as the appropriate
planning and procedure which is used to collect data and information by measuring and
gathering the information and data from various sources for getting the better results and
complete pictures for the area of interest and on the other hand interpretation is a type of process
where it making the sense about collective data and numerical data which has been presented,
observed and analysed it is one of the common method for assessing the numerical data which is
generally known as the statistical analysis. Both data collection and interpretation activity refers
to the analysing, collecting and interpreting the data in order to making the predictions(Van

Norman and Christ, 2016.). The usually step is to proceeding the data collection is the
interpretation which includes the attaching meaning and significance.
Chapter 5: Conclusion, Recommendations and Reflection
CONCLUSION
The above study conclude that it helps to examine the different role and critical pitfalls
of the nurse in emerging their time and providing care to cancer patients under the palliative care
of the patients. It will conclude that the There have been extensive researcher has been done of
cancer treatment through palliative care and the role performed by them. Researcher will
conclude to choose the topic for analysing the importance of role of nurses in providing comfort
services to cancer patients.
RECOMMENDATIONS
As per the above study the researcher has been highlighted the roles and responsibilities of
the nurse for caring and take care of the cancer patients under the palliative care and also
influence the nursing interventions for the cancer patients. This research has been shown the
influence of the strategies and techniques of the protective care to the cancer patients and also
evaluate the impact and effect of the palliative care setting and examining their overall health
structure of the cancer patients.
REFLECTION
From the above research I will learn so many things which basically refers for taking care
of the cancer patients and also it provided the palliative care of the patients. I have learned that
the oncology nurses are more qualitative than other nurse for taking care of the cancer patients
and also it makes their life good and also change the perception of their mind for living their
good life in the future. This research will give the knowledge and information about the cancer
disease and there are lots of people which are suffering from it and I have learned that the roles
and responsibilities of the oncology nurses.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
In this part, various judgement, thoughts and expression are to be discussed and viewed
by authors regarding the topic which is selected by the researcher. As author already gather the
informations and also discussed their pros and cons from the selected factors which give more
accurate results.

THEME 1: The effective role of nurses in putting extra efforts for caring the cancer patients..
According to the Lovatt and et.al., (2015) for analysing the roles of nurse for caring of the
cancer patients because it is crucial for nurse to examine all their patients because nurses are
always obliged for providing the compassionate and comprehensive end of the life care. Nurses
also carry the responsibility for taking care and providing the health care facility and for making
the decision process which reflect the realities of physiologic, recognition of what, patients
preferences and clinically improvements and also may or may not be accomplished.
As Mishelmovich, Arber and Odelius, (2016) suggested that It's a duty of the nurse that
they provide the hands on care of the patients, records maintaining, for administering the
medications, observing, conditions, monitoring the patients, managing the intravenous lines for
patients and also communicating with the doctors.
As per Rodin and et.al., (2015) stated that nurses provide comfort to their patients and
help to make feel good to the patients. Nurse plays a challenging role in the everyday care of the
patients. It also assists to the basic care which involves the bathing, feeding and changing of the
patients. It is one of the main attribute for making comfort and feel them good every day.
According to the Lovatt and et.al., (2015) the researcher will show that it has ability to
cope up with the diseases and the oncology nurses for the cancer patients are continually asses
the patients for understanding about their diseases and also give knowledge about treatment plan.
The roles of the oncology nurses in treatment of the cancer is advocate for the patients and also
to their families for treating the whole person not just the diseases of cancer.
As Sklenarova and et.al., (2015) said that the oncology nurse is registered nurse who
always cares for the patients and also give knowledge and information about cancer diseases. It
works as the multi disciplinary team and it works with variety of patients from children's to
elderly and from outpatients through to palliative cares. The oncology nurse plays a vital role and
also a part of coordinating with the cancer patients and it also involves the different tests and
treatments.
THEME 2: Factors which resultant in influence the strategies of nursing to interment the
caring for cancer patients.
As per Tobiano and et.al., (2015) stated that for influencing the nursing interventions in
relation to providing the care to the cancer patients. This is the major interventions for the
assessing and managing the cancer patients who are suffering from the cancer diseases. The main

purpose of the oncology nurse patients are make them feel good and it is all based on the
research which has examined the major possibility for the safer future in the relation to many
uncertainties and also it significant the for increasing the quality life of the patients and it also
defined as the valuable for the psychological resources that enables to the individuals for taking
the interest in future life and also find the meaning and value of the life.
According to the O'Connor, N.R. and et.al., (2015) stated that in respect of finding the
meta analysis which is basically based on the participants which indicates the nursing
interventions with the positive influence hope and also with the positive effects for consisting
either post test or follow-up through or both. The length of the nursing interventions is for
including the meta-analysis which were less than eight weeks. The main aim and goals of the
researcher is to find out the interventions which can reduce the emotional distress in caregivers
and patients. As the Dougados and et.al., (2015) said that the findings from the support of the
researcher is that the interventions for finding and indicating that the concept of high hope which
is existed to the hopes of differed from younger or adults experience suffering. The resources for
raising hope resultant in both the external and internal. It is a one of the systematic review for
conducting the positive psychology interventions in the cancers.
According to Tobiano, G. and et.al., (2016) reviewed that the nursing interventions for
caring the cancer patients which identify several benefits affects the nursing interventions for the
case of developing hope in patients. Increasing in the research identify the kinds of nursing
interventions for the cancer survivor for making the life better and qualitative. The current and
main evidences is to support the all translations of the accumulated knowledge and information
which is mainly based on the practices. As per Berger, J. and et.al., (2015). The main report for
the evidence is it should help and inform the health care specialities, cancer patients survivors
and educators that nursing interventions has a beneficial effect on the hope of the cancer patients
and themselves.
THEME 3: Factors to be determined while considering the approaches of providing comfort
services to care the cancer patients in Marie Curie Cancer Care Centre.
As per Amblàs-Novellas and et.al., (2016) suggested that the palliative care is a
treatment, support and care for the patients and also people with the life-limiting illnesses and
their friends and family. It is basically type of the supportive care and the aim of the palliative
care is to help in the difficult situations and giving the best quality life which involves the active

as possible and being as well in the time which has been left and it basically involves
maintaining the physical symptoms like pain, spiritual, emotional and support of physiologist,
social care, dressing, eating and also support for the family and friends.
As Kelley and Morrison, (2015) said that the main approaches of providing palliative
care to cancer patients in Marie Curie Cancer Care Center is that it easily improves the quality of
the patient's life and so many issues and problems which has been faced by the family and
friends and basically the problem is associated with the life-threatening illness and also the
prevention's and reliefs of suffering which means the early identifications and also the
impeccable treatments and assessments of the pain and also other problems.
According to the Weaver and et.al., (2016) it has been estimated that there are 12.7
billion cancer cases worldwide annually with the global cancer burden and it also continuing and
increasing each year. Cancer remains one of the leading issues and cause of the death in the
economically death in so many economically developed countries and also second leading cause
of the developing countries. It has been estimated that 7.6 million cancer deaths each year passes
through. Palliative care should playing a prominent role in these others and patients with the
advanced malignancies for reducing the suffering and pain. It also promotes quality of life and
allow the death to the dignity and also support the cancer patients friends and families and also
the caregivers.
As per the opinion Hui and Bruera, (2016) cancer survival for so many malignancies is
poorer in developing countries and also likely due to the later stage with the diagnosis and there
is more limited access which is timely and standards treatments. Despite cancer is being a global
killer which is basically associated with the significant patients and symptomatology,
accessibility to the palliative care services and also it discusses the challenges and issues and
barriers which remains for improving the care of the palliative access and quality to the
oncology. From the limited provider of the health care the main education about palliative care
and also the lack of patience with the cancer in so many countries.
As Kastbom, Milberg and Karlsson, (2017) said that the significant process and progress
which has been made and discuss the strategies for improving and involving the access to the
palliative care. The concept is so much advanced for the care planing and process and main role
is to care the patients with so many advanced malignancies and all the detailed has been issued.

As per the opinion Kelley and Morrison, (2015) discussed that the virtues has been made
an effective communication between both the patients and providers and also to their families.
The communications always need to be individualized. It is an open dialogue and also honesty
and loyalty is critical part for helping so many patients and diagnosed with late stages
malignancies from better understanding to their prognosis and diseases so it can make informed
top the decisions about the care.
THEME 4: Evaluating the impact of nursing efficiency in quality of palliative care settings
and overall health outcomes of cancer patients.
According to the Moradi and et.al., (2017) palliative care basically focuses on treating the
patients for improving the quality by life and also main goal is to addressing everything which is
from the symptoms to emotions for concern about the members. It also shows that the palliative
care basically improves the symptoms of the patients which includes depression and pain. The
main aim and goals of the palliative care is to providing relief from the pain and also distressing
the symptoms, it also integrates the spiritual aspects and psychological aspects of the patients
care.
As Cha, Webster and Bowers, (2016) said that Palliative care evaluated to the
interventions from uses of the implementing the strategies and it involves the use of structured of
referral mechanism, supportive care center, implementation of the team meetings, training of the
team and routine symptom of screening. It also evaluated the key process and measures the
outcomes for supporting the oncology and also the efficiency of the models for documenting the
tasks and projects during the subset of the patients visits and also the studies of the time motion.
As per the opinion Kaufman and et.al., (2017) from the alternative models and palliative
care which delivering the outpatients setting of the oncology for increasing the interest which
move the value-based reimbursement. Interventions in the setting involves all the advanced
practices nurses and have had success. For ensuring the oncologist which were comfortable
referring the patients for the palliative care, it also includes the new creation of the referral for
providing the outlines for setting a standard for advance care planing.
According to the Prip and et.al., (2018) It also suggests that the concern for the early palliative
care which does not promote the premature discussion, but instead of facilities psychological
support and also help with coping. The main aim and goal is to referral which has to
communicate with the prognostic and also the treatment and options for the palliative care which

has been appropriate the advance planing of the care which would be consistent with so may
shared goals for determining by the team which implementing.
According to the Waller and et.al., (2017) the main aim and purpose pf the nurses is to
accumulated the roles and responsibilities and all the opportunities for the oncology nurses for
taking care of the cancer patients at the end of their lives and at that time it supports their
families and friends. Nurses are obliged for providing the compassionate and
comprehensiveness end of the life cares. It also involves the recognize the when the death is near
and also conveying the information to the patients families.
As per the opinion Chan, Webster, and Bowers, (2016) It also provides the other health
care facility to the patients and having the responsibility for establishing the decision-making
process which easily reflect the realities of the physiologist, preference of the patients and the
recognition. It also established the goals for caring the patients and providing the framework for
the discussion and it also includes the collaboration with the experts in decision-making process.
Government examines strict norms regarding the patient which are to be cared and also to be
treated as the normal person. They are not to be tortured as they are suffering from high diseases.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
A research methodology is a process which is used in collecting data and information for
the purpose of executing decision making regarding business (Mezghani, Exposito, and Drira,
2016). This includes observation of participants, publication research, survey research,
experiments, secondary data, conducting interview and other techniques of research. Also,
research methodology not only includes historical information but also present information is
included in this methodology (Leventon, and et.al., 2016). The Research methodology is a plan
which is operated systematic for research. There are two methods of research, first is qualitative
research methods and other is quantitative research methods. The qualitative method of research
are designed in such manner which reveals perception and behavior of audience for a particular
topic (Chapman, Hadfield, and Chapman, 2015). Qualitative methods include one on one
interview, Ethnographic research, focus group, record keeping and research based on case study
while quantitative research methods are designed through collecting quantifiable information,
statistical, mathematical and computational techniques. This method of research mainly includes
online polls and surveys, questionnaire etc. result of the research is in the form of numbers. In
this research, the researchers opt qualitative research method to execute their research for impact
of nurses in caring patients of cancer.
Research Approach
A research approach is a procedure and plan which consists of steps by taking
assumptions for detailed methods of collection of data, interpretation and analysis. Research
approach is mainly divided into three types. They are Deductive, Inductive and Abductive
research approach (Chapman, Hadfield, and Chapman, 2015). In deductive research approach, a
hypothesis is developed which is based on existing theory and after that research strategy is
designed to test hypothesis while in Inductive approach, hypothesis formulation is not included.
This research approach is begins with aims, objectives and questions of research which needs to
be attained during research process (Mezghani, Exposito, and Drira, 2016). The Abductive
research approach is for overcoming the weaknesses of deductive and inductive approach. This
research approach begins with puzzles and surprising facts which emerges at time of encounters
of researchers by an empirical phenomena. The researcher combines both cognitive and
numerical reasoning to achieve success in this approach (Leventon, and et.al., 2016). The

research approach chosen by researchers is deductive for generating the outcomes of the issue
related with cancer patients. In this researcher uses the inductive method to conduct their
research work and also examined various factors to gather information by using the approachers
and strategies to collect data.
Research philosophy
A research philosophy deals with nature, development and source of knowledge. It is all
about belief for the ways in which data has been collected, used and analyzed (Gorter, Fox, and
Twisk, 2015). The research philosophy is divided into four broad categories. They are mainly
Realism, Pragmatism, Interpretivism and Positivism. In realism research philosophy is depended
on idea of independence in reality from mind of human. Again Realism is divided into two parts.
Direct realism and critical realism. In Pragmatism philosophy is a combination of both positivist
position and interpretivism position. It is all about different ways in which research can
undertake (Shippee, and et.al., 2015). In interpretivism, the researchers are associated with
idealist position, and they assumes reality can attain only by social construction like shared
meanings, language , instruments and consciousness. At last, Positivism includes all the facts and
considers the world for attaining objectives. T he data collection in positivism is highly
structured along with large samples collected in it. Therefore, the researchers uses positivism
research philosophy in executing their research. Researcher has applied Interpretivism method to
carry their research work and also they expanded vast areas to gather information and interpret
that information to bring new aspects in their research work.
Research design
A research design is a set of procedures and methods which is used in analyzing and
collecting measures for a specified problem in a research (Leventon, and et.al., 2016). It is a
framework which has been created for attaining answers of the research questions. Strategies and
methods of research which are related with data collection and analysis are significance elements
of research design. Although Research design is divided into two parts. One is Exploratory
research design and other is Conclusive research design (Chapman, Hadfield, and Chapman,
2015). An exploratory design of research is majorly focuses to explore research area which has
some specific aspects while conclusive research aims for providing conclusive and final
outcomes of research questions (Gorter, Fox, and Twisk, 2015). The data collection in conclusive
research design is very rigid as they laid a set procedure which need to be followed but in

exploratory research design data collection is very flexible because of no procedures are laid in
this research design (Hesse-Biber, 2015). Here in this research, exploratory research design is
taken for getting appropriate outcome of issue of nurses relating with cancer patients. Due to
collecting the information from various source's researcher has applied explanatory research
method to gather more material and examined such sources to collect data and interpret into
deeper section.
Data collection
A data collection is collection of information through all relevant sources in order to find
answers of problem for which result is executing. Hypothesis testing and outcomes evaluation is
also done after collecting data. There are mainly two kind of data collection. First is primary
source of data collection and second is secondary source of data collection (Chapman, Hadfield,
and Chapman, 2015). A primary data is collected originally through investigator in order to
satisfy their own purpose. Primary source of data collection is further divided into two parts that
is quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative method of data collection
includes all the mathematical calculations which is in different formats (Lynch, and Mannion,
2016). This data can be collected by close ended questions, correlation, regression, mode, mean,
median and others while Qualitative data collection method includes sounds, feeling, colours,
emotions, words and other elements which cannot be quantifiable (Mezghani, Exposito, and
Drira, 2016). Other source of data collection is secondary source. A secondary data is type of
data which is already been published in newspapers, journals, books, magazines, online portals
etc. The researchers for investigating the role and impact of nurses for caring cancer patients is
using secondary data collection method (Leventon, and et.al., 2016). In this method, researcher
had applied both the method is primary and secondary method to gather information from
original sources and also from other authors to conduct their valid research. In this selected topic
both method are necessary and important to identify the facts and figure through such data
collection procedures.
Sampling
A sampling refers for selecting population which is need to be included in the study of
research. In sampling, a population is selected from a huge group and results are derived from
that sample only (Mezghani, Exposito, and Drira, 2016). Sampling has divided into two
categories. One is profitability and other is non profitability sampling. Profitability sampling

includes stratified, systematic, simple and cluster method of sampling while non profitability
sampling includes quota, snowball, purposive and convenience sampling methods (Hesse-Biber,
2015). Here for this research relating impact on nurses in caring cancer patients systematic
method of profitability sampling is chosen. Researcher has applied random sample method to
gather information such sources. As this method Is helpful in case of manager and employees are
engaged in large number and the data are collected from all such employees. Thus, random
sampling is effective to collect information from all such sources.
Data Analysis
In research, Data analysis is a process which is done after data collection. It is a process
which applies statistical and logical techniques while describing, recap, condense and evaluate
data. Data analysis is categories into two ways, qualitative method of data analysis and
quantitative data analysis (Hesse-Biber, 2015). In qualitative data analysis researchers use focus
groups, interviews, experiments etc. Data analysis involves in this method is based on
identification of common patterns for specific purpose, analyze it for achieving aims and
objectives of research. While quantitative data analysis involves interpretation of figures and data
(Chapman, Hadfield, and Chapman, 2015). Also, to figure out rationale behind the finding.
In this research, researchers analyses the secondary data in order to attain success in
solving issue related to cancer patients. The data analysis are done on the basis of qualitative
methods as according with research design which has been designed which considers qualitative
design of research (Lynch, and Mannion, 2016). Researcher had applied the qualitative method
to carry their research work and also analyze their information from various sources. Its the
major aspect to analyses that data for such sources so that data are to be collected accurately and
no result of copied of data are to be arises.
Ethical considerations
An ethical consideration is any research is very significant. Ethics are standards and
norms which conducts distinguish between wrong and right. Ethical considerations are general
norms which are to be remembered while executing any research. Institutional review board
(IRB) a panel of individuals who aid to ensure safety related to subject of human in research and
they assist in making surety for non violation of human rights (Merriam, and Tisdell, 2015). The
researchers executed this research in ethical manner and any kind of misrepresentation is avoided
in this research report.

Reliability and validity
Reliability refers to the extend for which the same answer will be obtained when same
instruments chosen for more than one time. It is simply a research with a very high level of
reliability that researchers get same result when same method they use for the research. Validity
refers to extent to which requirements of methods of scientific research are followed at time of
process of generating finding for the research (Merriam, and Tisdell, 2015).
In this research, role and impact on nurses while caring for cancer patents a definite and
appropriate time scale has been chosen for every task. Also, methodologies are appropriately
chosen in accordance with the matching issue of the research (Shippee, and et.al., 2015). The
most suitable sample is also chosen in the research report for getting outcomes of the issue
specified with nurses who cares for cancer patients in palliative care settings of UK.
Research limitations Lack of availability of previous studies in research area – The content related on this
research issue researchers find difficulty in analyzing and collecting data because of
unavailability of source of information from previous studies (Hesse-Biber, 2015).
Therefore, the work of research resembles hard to execute by the unavailability of
relevant information.
 Research work consumes too much time – The researchers have contributed a very huge
amount of time for executing outcomes of this issue. Most of the time in research is
contributed in collection of data. The researchers faces difficulty in collecting relevant
data which is related to the issue (Lynch, and Mannion, 2016). Therefore, the researchers
has been spent a lot of time and efforts of making their successful outcomes to solve this
issue.
 Sample size – The research problem is very critical as it deals with health and lives of
human beings (Merriam, and Tisdell, 2015). Therefore, all the samples are selected
which resembles the issue. Therefore, the researchers faces problem related to huge size
of sample which taken too much efforts and time in analyzing them.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Themes From Secondary Research
Theme 1 Majority of cancer cases have been observed
The study of international agency for research on cancer says that there are death rate in
185 nations for around 30 different types cancers and for all cancer web sites blended. However,
the worldwide cancer patients is anticipated to have risen to 18 million new instances and 9
million deaths in 2018. Therefore, One among 5 men and one among 5 ladies worldwide increase
cancer all through their lifetime, and one in eight guys and one in eleven women die from the
cancer. Thus, the growing cancer is because of numerous elements, consisting of population
increase and growing older than as well as the converting incidence of certain reasons of most
cancers linked to social and economic development (Moore and et.al., 2016).
Theme 2 What type cancer may people suffer from
From the research it has been observed that there are more than 50 types of cancer among
which some commonly found are breast caner, lung cancer, skin cancer, kidney cancer etc. the
people may suffer from.
Theme 3 What are common symptoms of cancer patients
From the recent article on Internet is has been found that there are some common signs or
initial warnings of cancer like consistent cough or blooded saliva, blood in stool, changes in
bladder habits, abnormal breast lumps, unusual weight loss, unnecessary headache or body pain
etc.
Theme 4 What are treatment available for initial stage of cancer
From the recent study it has been observed that cancer can be detected from various
methods like computed tomography (CT) scans, MRI(magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound
method, X-ray, positron emission tomography (PET) method etc. thus, from all these techniques
the doctor can detect the cancer by gathering cells of the patients and test the in laboratory (Lamb
and et.al., 2015).
Theme 5 Today How many people have come back from the cancer

Today there are around 15 million people alive in the world who have had some form of
cancer. However, the survival chances are distinct for humans with extraordinary types of
cancers (Merriam, and Tisdell, 2015). Further, a few types of cancer develop very slowly and
some patients respond to treatment quickly and there are some other cancer types which grow
and spread more quickly and are more difficult to treat.
Theme 6 What are stages of cancer
Stage 0 At this stage there is no cancer found, only some cells have been detected with
the capacity to spread cancers, thus, this is also known as carcinoma (Gazdar and Zhou,2018).
Stage I At this stage the cancer is not very huge and only in a single place. Thus, this is called
early stage cancer.
Stage I And II This stage says that the cancer have become larger and has grown into body
tissues or lymph nodes in different area like breasts etc.
Stage IV This stage means that cancer has spread to different parts of the body. Thus, it is also
referred to as secondary or metastatic cancers.
Theme 7 Chances of recovery of cancer patients
From the recent journal it has been observed that are non accurate to identify the chances
of recovery from cancer (Hesse-Biber, 2015). But there can be two chances for recovery, one is
there will be no indication of cancer remain within the body of patient and other is, the cancer
within the patient remains stable without growing or spreading to different body parts of the
person.
Theme 8 Treatment options available for cancer patients
From the various cases it has been observed that there are various types treatments
available depending upon the type of cancer the patient is suffePfirschke, C and et.al., 2016ring
from which is inclusive of surgery along with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy,
hormone therapy etc.
Theme 9 How cancer can be prevented

From the secondary research it has been recognised that cancer can be prevented by
various ways like avoiding consuming tobacco, eat healthy food like green vegetable, regularly
doing exercise, regularly taking the medical check ups etc. (Raskob and et.al., 2018).
Theme 10 Risk factors of cancer
From the recent study it has been observed that there are various risk factors that
develops cancer among the patients like living habits of people like tobacco, alcohol, regularly
consuming junk food, other factors include pollution, sunlight, radiations, unhealthy diet,
avoiding physical exercise etc.
Theme 11 side effects of cancer treatments
From the recent secondary research it has been observed that there are various side
effects of cancer treatments on the patients' health like they may suffer from weight loss,
constipation, hair loss, through problems, sleep problems, bladder problems, fertility issues in
men and women etc.
Theme 12 For how many months or years the patient can survive without cancer
treatments
From the secondary research it has been identified that at stage 0 the person without
taking any treatment for cancer will survive for 3 years or more (Miller and et.al., 2016).
Further, at stage I the patient with cancer if not taking treatments may survive for 16 months or
even less. At stage II and III if the cancer patient is not undergoing any treatment than he or she
will survive for some 4 to 8 months and at stage 4 the patient without treatment will survive for
less than 4 months.
Theme 13 How's bad a person feel after chemotherapy
From the recent study it has been identified that after the treatment taken like
chemotherapy or radiation the person may feel fatigued, agitated, asleep, baffled etc. Further,
after the cancer treatment the patient may face depression issues because of the pain or the
problems they have gone through during the stages.
Theme 14 do stress or any injury causes cancer

It has been observed that people think that injuries are the reason behind the cancer but
the truth is that falls, trauma, broken bones, or different such accidents have no longer been
connected to cancers. Further, now and then a person might go to doctor provider for getting a
check up of injury and cancer is discovered at that time (Lu and et.al., 2018). However, the
injury never causes the cancer it may possible that the cancers are already been there. Further,
burn scars can be the reason of occurrence of cancers after the burn mark has recovered. Thus,
most usually, skin cancer is the type that starts in a burn scar.
Moreover, from the recent research it has been achieved that there’s no hyperlink
between attribute, mindset, strain, and cancer. Therefore, no evidence has proven that a person’s
attribute or prospect influences their possibilities of cancer. Further, there are many factors to
observe inside the relationship between stress and the occurrence of cancers. Thus, it’s
recognised that strain influences the immune system, but so do many matters but it doesn't lead
to any possibility of cancer.
Theme 15 What is remission under cancer
From the recent secondary study it has been observed that some people assume that
remission method is used by the doctors for curing cancer but in reality Remission is a period
whilst the cancer is reacting to treatment or is underneath control. However, in a complete
remission, all the signs and evidence of most cancers go away and cancers cells can’t be sensed
by using any of the tools to be had for that cancer (Van Driel and et.al., 2018).
Further, it’s also possible for an affected person to have a partial remission. Thus, this is
while the cancer level decreases however doesn’t absolutely disappear. However, remissions last
from weeks to many years. Further, complete remissions can continue for years and through the
years the most cancers may be considered cured and if in case the cancer recovers back another
remission may be viable with more remedy.
Theme 16 How cancer spreads in different body parts
From the recent article about the cancer on internet describes that single cancer cell are
broken from an implanted tumour, to spread regionally or they'll spread into the blood or lymph
nodes, and will be carried to different body parts, where they are able to take root and develop as
a secondary tumour. Further, they will also enter across body cavities.

Theme 17 Why aged people have higher risk of occurrence of cancer
From the recent secondary research it has been observed that as people attains certain
age, they collect greater changes in their DNA because of this the chances of cancer increases
among such people. However, aged human beings may additionally have a less healthy immune
system to prevent cancer from spreading in their body parts (Pfirschke and et.al., 2016). Further,
it has been observed that about 70% of all newly recognized cancers arise in humans of aged 60
and above.
Theme 18 Is there any difference of gender for occurrence of cancer
From the recent journal on cancer it has been recognised that the chances of cancer is
around 20 per cent in adult males and 40% in women's i.e means the women are more prone to
cancer. However, the chances of survival costs are also more in women than in men's.
Theme 19 How quickly does cancer grow
From the recent study it has been observed that like a number of cancers, breast cancers
develops via simple cell department. It starts off evolved as one cancerous cellular, which then
breaks down and will become harmful cells which again breakdowns and end up to four harmful
cells, and so on. Further, Breast cancer has to divide 30 instances earlier than it may be felt and
up to the 28th cellular department, neither we nor the medical doctor can detect it. However, with
most breast cancers, every section takes one to two months, so by the point the patient may have
experience a malignant lump, thus, the cancer has been in the body for 2 to 4 years.
Theme 20 which cancer kills the most
From the secondary study it has been observed that there are 10 cancers that killed the
most of the people worldwide between 2003 and 2007,in step with the National Cancer
Institute(Nci) namely: lung cancel is the top most cancel which has caused the death of around
792400 lives due to the consumption of smoking and tobacco (Hesse-Biber, 2015). Further,
colon and rectal cancel have caused the death of around 265700 lives. Third cancer which kills
the most is breast cancer 206900 lives and the 4th cancer is pancreatic cancer which has lead to
the 162800 death rate of the people.
Further, the 5th cancer is prostate cancer which has caused the lives of 144900 lives and
the 6th cancer is leukemia which has caused the lives of 108700 people. However, the 7th cancer

is non- Hodgkin lymphoma which have killed around 104400 people around the world and the
8th is liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer which have caused the live of around 79700 people.
Further, 9th is ovarian cancer which has caused the lives of around 73600 people and the 10th
cancer is esophageal cancer which has caused the lives of around 66650 people.
Theme 21 What are clinical treatments
A clinical trial is research in which someone volunteers to go through a new medicine or
new tool for a particular fitness situation. However, the purpose of a medical trial is to ascertain
whether the therapy or device is effectual and risk-free. Further, in order to participate in a
scientific trial, someone has to fulfil certain needs. Moreover, engagement is only voluntary, and
there are laws and approaches in location to assist your rights as a volunteer, in keeping with the
American cancer Society.
Theme 22 does clinical trials are free
From the secondary research it has been observed that medical trials are not free of
charge. However, people have to pay for this, but for most of the time, it's no longer the patient
who is obliged to pay. Moreover, most of the clinical trails are funded by private firms, so there
may be no fee to the participant.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
The research report was generating outcomes regarding impact on nurses while caring
patients of cancer in palliative care settings in the UK. This research report was prepared to offer
possible outcomes of the investigation specified in the given case study. This case study was
based on Marie Curie Cancer Care. The background of project along with the rationale was
explained in the report. Also, the aim of the research report was defined which is impact of
nurses in caring for cancer patients in palliative care settings in the UK. The objectives in order
to achieve this aim has been set in the report.
The report was begun with research methodology where introduction of research
methodology were explained and then approaches of research were discussed in the report. The
researcher chosen deductive research approach for this issue of research. Then in research
philosophy, positivism philosophy of research has been chosen because it enables for qualitative
research. Also, this philosophy is based on data collection through a very secured structure and
large samples. Then comes research design where researchers chooses exploratory research
design because it explore area of research in consideration of specific aspects. Also, Secondary
method of data collection was chosen in the research report. Systematic sampling was opted for
sampling collection to solve this particular issue. Data analysis was also identified by qualitative
analyzing the research report. This research report was prepared by keeping consideration of
ethics related for research. Also, the research was reliable as well as valid. The research
limitations were also explained in research methodology.
Then the report was presenting literature review and findings where literature review of
this research report begun with introduction of Palliative care and role of nurses were also
elaborated. Then comes intervention of nursing along with their impact on cancer patients. Then
the research report covers approaches used by Marie Curie Cancer Care for providing care to
cancer patients. At last, findings of observation was explained by using thematic analysis.
The report also elaborates summary of this research report. After that discussion related
to behavior and involvement of nurses was done in the report. Some recommendation for the
issue of nurses with cancer patients were also highlighted in the research report.

RECOMMENDATION:
From the above secondary research, it is examined that nursers are important in the
hospitals and care centre to take care of their patient but if the patient are of cancer disease than
special care is requires. In that case they have to motivate their patient to keep calm and also
provide various facilities which the patient feel relaxed at the time of treatment. The cancer
disease affect the full body and also various symptoms occurs which makes the body useless and
feel restless to commit some work. Nurses have to take care of their patient at the time when
they are having their chemotherapy which is the biggest fear, cancer patient caries. At the time of
therapy there are various factors occurs such as weight loss, loss of hair, weakness in body and
also high medical dose.
 Nurses carry various responsibility regarding the proper health and care of the patient and
also it is the duty to provide a proper status to their family member so that they can stress
free care that patient.
 At the time when nurse are not present which is taking care of the specific patient is the
responsibility of the other nurse that she used to take care of that patient same as with
other patient.
 As cancer patients body is weak and cannot be controlled by their other body parts in that
case exercise is the best therapy they can train to patient for fast recovery.
 Exercise is the best way to recover form any disease and also helps the patient to be
energetic for the whole days.
 Time to time medical counselling helps the patient to think positive about their diseases
and this results in proving more confidence which helps the doctors to treat him well at
the time of their stages.
 Sometimes nurses take theses type of initiate to take the patient at open space which can
be garden or any picnic spot so that they can breathe in fresh air.
 This activity and way of outing helps the nurse to get more ideas how to tackle the
patient.
 As patient got frustrated by looking at the same place and also get lazy by sleeping at that
particular place.

 As theses are against the protocols of the hospitals, it results to more chances of infection
to patent but to take them at the safe place for few times is not affected too much. As the
nurse have to take care and minutely examine the patients daily activities. As different
types of games can reduce their stress levels and they feel more positive in that
environment.
 But nurses have to reduce so many movements of the patients as there therapies affect the
bodies internal working which takes time to be recovered. The chance of infection is also
occurs which make the life danger of patient.
 Nurses have to take care of the patient happiness and also have to provide creative
backgrounds which attract the patient and make them happy which is also one of the
symptoms of improvement in their heath.