Healthcare Scenario: Multiple Sclerosis Patient

This assignment presents a healthcare scenario focused on Susan, a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Students are tasked with analyzing her condition, including monitoring blood pressure and pulse for any irregularities. The assignment delves into the concept of autoimmune diseases and requires students to explain what it means in the context of MS. Furthermore, they must predict potential future symptoms that Susan might develop due to her diagnosis.

ANALYSE AND RESPOND TO CLIENT HEALTH INFORMATION
You need to reference the source for the answer for each questions.
You also need to include a reference list at the end of your assignment detailing the
references used directly in answering the assignment questions.
Questions 1
Explain the different roles, responsibilities and limitations for following members of the
health care team, include in your response, the services they provide and any
documentation they are required to do as part of their role.
Physiotherapist: The basic role of a physiotherapist is to provide help to the people that are
suffering from some sort of illness or disability. They provide help by means of various
treatment programs such as therapies, electro therapy and exercises as well.They have to
keep the past medical history of the patient in documents so that on that basis only, they
can deliver the specified treatments and procedures.
Dietitian: The role of a dietitian is to assess the nutritional needs of the client. The
limitations of the dietitian is that they cannot prescribe medicines to the client as they only
have to provide a meal plan as per the requirements of the body. They also have to keep the
medical reports of the client so that they can decide meal plan and routine on the basis of
that.
Stomal Therapist: The role of a stomal therapist is to provide support and help the people
with temporary or permanent stoma. The services they provide includes some counseling
and post operative sessions. These therapists also have to keep the past medical records of
the client.
Unlicensed care worker: The role of an unlicensed care worker is to help the person in basic
chores such as washing, cleaning, preparing food etc. Their services includes washing,
cleaning, feeding etc. No sort of documentation is required.
Pharmacist: The role of a pharmacist is to dispense medications for monitoring the health of
the patient. The services they provide is that they prepare the medications after interpreting
the orders of the physician.
Questions 2
Sonya, a 15year old teenager, was recently diagnosed with IDDM (Insulin Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus). She is resentful and hostile towards the nurse who is encouraging her to
understand her condition.

After self-administering her insulin medication, Sonya stormed away, shouting and refusing
her meal.
 Explain function of the accessory organ of the digestive system that is linked to this
condition and the path physiological affect of this condition.
Answer:Accessory organs of the digestive system involves various organs such as the
salivary glands, teeth, pancreas and liver. The function of the accessory organs is to provide
equal amount of energy to every part of the body. Various functions of it includes secretion,
digestion, excretion, absorption etc. The physiological effect of this condition, that is Sonya
is refusing to take the food and that can affect her digestive system (American Heart
Association, 2017).
Due to the fact Sonya is 15 years, what path physiological changes will occur in other body
systems that will impact her in the long term.
Answer: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus can actually impact on the mental health of
Sonya.
 If Sonya fails to comply with her recommended diet and the Insulin regime
prescribed for her, how will this affect her Homeostasis.
Answer: If Sonya fails to take proper and balanced diet along with the insulin regime, it may
affect her physical as well as mental being also.There is a possibility that her tendency to a
stable equilibrium may also decrease to a huge extent.
 Describe the roles of two Allied Health personnel who could assist Sonia to
understand and cope with her condition
Answer: Allied health personnel's are considered as the professionals of the health care
that work hard in order to provide a wide range of the treatments, diagnosis etc. Two
Allied health personnel's can be counsellors and nutritionist. It is because counsellors
can help in understanding her situation so that she can understand that intake of food is
very important in such situation.
Questions 3
 Identify the normal parameters of the five (5) Vital signs.
Answer: The normal parameters of the vital signs are discussed as under :
Body temperature : 36.5 degree C - 37.2degree C
Pulse rate : 60 -100 beats/per minute
Blood pressure : 120/80 mm Hg - 140/90 mm Hg
Respiration rate : 12 - 16 breaths/per minute
 With this knowledge explain, using correct terminology, the impact on these vital
signs (change from the normal parameters) when the patient presents with the
follow conditions:

1. Haemmorhage
2. Pain
3. Asthma (100 words)
Haemmorhage
Body temperature : ≥38.3°C
Pulse rate :20-30 beats/ minute
Blood pressure : 160/40 mm HG
Respiration rate : 14 - 16breaths/
minute
Pain
Body temperature : 32 -36
degree C
Pulse rate : 40 -70
Blood pressure : 170/50
Respiration rate : 10-12
breaths/ minute
Asthma
Body temperature : 32-38 degree C
Pulse rate : 30 - 50 beats/ minute
Blood pressure : 160/40
Respiration rate : 12-14 breaths/ minute
 Refering to Marieb and your understanding of human life processes, explain the
eight (8) functions for maintaining life and the five (5) survival needs of the human
body.
Answer: The functions required are discussed as under :
Boundaries
Response
Digestion
Movements
Reproduction
Growth
Excretion
Question 4
Ms Marple is a 68yr old lady who has been suffering with intermittent chest pain of
late. You are the enrolled nurse working in the emergency department when Ms
Marple arrives.
 What signs and symptoms would you expect this patient to present with?
Answer: Some well known symptoms of intermittent chest pain can be considered as
Ms Marple must be feeling pressure and tightness in her chest. Also, she must be
going through cold sweating and was feeling like nausea. It is because these are the
basic symptoms through which any person who may be suffering from intermittent
chest pain is going.
Questions 5
Mr. Bill Knob has been admitted with possible diverticulitis.

 What are the common abnormal findings that Mr. Knob will present with?
Answer: As Mr Bill Knob has been suffering from diverticulitis, he must be going
through some basic symptoms of it which involves unexpected fever, nausea etc.
This is because in diverticulitis, small pouches form inside the lining of the digestive
system and usually, these pouches are bulging. There is a possibility that Mr Bill
might have to face constipation as well.
 Describe the pathophysiology and the abnormal variations to the organ that is
affected by this condition.
Answer: Diverticulitis is considered as a sort of inflammation of diverticula. It has
also been observed that maximized amount of pressure are further responsible for
causing erosion of the wall.
Questions 6
After working in underground mining for the past 30years, George Johnson (55)
has been suffering from lethargy and persistent cough. What body system is affected
Answer: As George was working in underground mining, so he is suffering from
lethargy and persistent cough. So, it must have impacted the body of George as well.
He must be feeling tired enough because of lethargy and also might feeling sluggish.
Also, he must be having mood swings because of which his basic life has also been
affected. Along with this, the rate of staying alert has also been decreased to a huge
extent.
 On admission to hospital diagnostic tests would be performed on George to
establish his diagnosis?
Answer: Yes, diagnostic tests are compulsory to check whether everything is right or
not.
Questions 7
Following a physical assessment, Mrs Celia Rosia (55) is booked in for a diagnostic
procedure due to her enlarged liver. Mrs Rosia has been unwell with a jaundice
appearance. What would this test be?
Blood test What is the likely condition?
Likely condition is the hepatomegaly and also, Mrs Rosia is feeling not well because of

jaundice as well. Explain what pathophysiology of this disease and the impact on other body
systems.
Hepatomegaly is considered as a situation of enlarged liver and it can further cause
some influence on some organs and symptoms of the body and these involve various
infections, tumors and some metabolic tumors as well. By such means, it can ahve an
impact on the organs as well.
Questions 8
At a community ENT clinic you are working with young children with persistant
hearing loss and infants who haven’t starting talking
 What are the abnormal findings you will identify with a child with
persistant hearing loss?
For the people with persistant hearing loss, one has to face issues while identifying the
laterality. So, such patients should be considered for genetic testing.
 What are the abnormal finding you will identify with an infant with the
inability to speak
There is a possibility that the child may be suffering from speech disorders. There are
various types of speech disorders such as apraxia, dysarthria etc. So, there is a possibility
that the person might be suffering from any such disorder.
 List common disorders of the special senses (eyes, taste, smell, equilibrium)
and identify services to be provided
Eye : Macular degenration
Taste : Hypogeusia
Smell : Hyposmia
Equilibrium : Vertigo / ataxia
Questions 9
Mr. Percy is a 75 years old retired policeman who has presented to your ward with a
provisional diagnosis of prostate cancer. He has been referred by his GP. He lives with
his wife and volunteers in the community with Meals on wheels, and the SES. He does
not smoke but does enjoy a social drink. Mr> Percy also experiences difficulty when
emptying his bladder and suffers with retention of urine, this then leads to UTI.
 What are the anatomical position of the prostate?
Answer: The prostate gland is located between the penis and the bladder. Also, it
can be said that it is situated in front of the rectum. A fluid is being secreted by
the prostate and this fluid is responsible for nourishing the sperm.

 Explain the ageing processes of the body system for Mr Percy.
Answer: It has been considered as ageing because instead of smoking, Mr Percy
prefers drinking and that too on an occasional basis. Also, he finds it difficult to
make free the bladder and it further leads to the UTI. The reason behind it may
be because of the fact that he is in a habit of occasional drinking and alcohol has
some impact on the internal body of the person, thus affecting the uterus of the
person, so he is not able to do urine properly. So, it can be due to such reasons.
Questions 10
Miss Jallopi a 25 years old female presented to A&E having taken 16 Paracetamol
and 32 Ibuprofen. This worked out to be 8g of Paracetamol. She was
asymptomatic on presentation, having been brought in about an hour after
ingestion after her father realized she had ingested a large amount of tablets. On
examination there was evidence of deliberate self-harm. She had a history of
overdose with a previous attempt at 17 years of age, was on Fluoxetine, however
her GP was in the process of changing her prescription and she had been without
medication for about three days. State the signs and symptoms of Paracetamol poisoning
After poisoning paracetamol, miss Jallopi might have to face various issues
such as nausea, abdominal pain etc. Also, in her case, there is a possibility
that she must be suffering from jaundice, hypoglycemia etc and it can
actually affect the organs of her body and can make her weak enough.
 How would the A&E department manage an overdose on admission?
A&E can follow some measures as per the new guidelines for managing paracetamol
poisoning and it involves various indications so that the process of administrating the
activated charcoal can be done simply. Also it involves the role of supratherapeutic
ingestions.
Within 2 hours of admission, what would be the required treatment for Miss Jallopi?
What other health care service will assist Miss Jollopi with her ongoing care?

A&E can provide the acetaminophen toxicity treatment after two hours of admission
because the authorities check before that whether the patient is in a stable state or
not. Supportive care is also considered as a part of this toxicity treatment.
Questions 11
Research the impact of:
 Common environmental emergencies (dividing, altitude, temperature)
The division, altitude and temperature of the body can make some internal
changes in the body as if the temperature is high, it automatically will feel the

heat inside the body of the person.
 Overdose and poisoning
It can impact as poisoning can actually destroy the quality of intestines as when poison
enters the human body, after some nano seconds, it starts affecting the internal parts of the
body and also in some cases, leads to vomiting or can also even lead to death.
 Surgical insult
Surgical insult has an impact on the bones and also can maximize the overall number of
osteoclasts along with the surface area of the bone.
 Trauma (penetrating, Blunt)
The person might feel difficultly in various basic factors such as in expressing emotions etc.
 Basic chemistry in relation to metabolism and respiration (pH, respiratory and
renal acidosis/alkalosis)
It can affect as the person might not be able to breathe properly because of which it causes
some effect on the liver as well (Schiller,
Lucas and Peregoy,2012).
 Structure and function of cells, including understanding of cellular
respiration/ carbohydrate metabolism, cell/tissue requirements for survival,
major types of cellular adaption.
It will have an impact on the release of the energy from factors such as fats, carbohydrates
etc.
 Transport systems (active, passive, hydrostatic and osmotic, osmosis)
It is considered as a major source of energy. Also, it can become responsible in creating
various types of pollution such as air pollution etc.
Question 12

Using the following case study, complete the following questions.
History of Present Condition:
Susan is a 22-year-old female University student who has been experiencing episodes of
muscle fatigue, numbness and tingling of the extremities and blurred or double vision. For
the most part, these symptoms were mild and usually disappeared in a day or two. Susan
attributed her fatigue and blurred vision to preparation for exam week and long hour at her
part time job. However, the symptoms persisted after exam week. Susan noted that she felt
weak and tired most of the time, so she decided to visit her doctor.
Susan met with her family doctor and explained that she felt tired all the time and that she
was having problems seeing, especially with her left eye. The doctor carried out a routine
examination and found nothing out of the ordinary so he sent her to see an ophthalmologist.
The ophthalmologist noted her symptoms and ordered a full neural examination including an
MRI and a spinal puncture for a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The results from her tests indicated that her extremities were slightly hyper-reflexive, she
had elevated protein levels in her CSF and her MRI showed multiple regions of demyelinated
axons (plaques) that were located along the optic nerve, cerebellum, brain steam and spinal
cord.
The diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (MS)
12.1
 Explain the signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis is considered as a sort of inflammatory diseases who is responsible for
attacking the axons that are present in the spinal cord and brain as well. It can also be said
that it however affects the central nervous system also. The disease have been usually
diagnosed more in females as compared to the males. Some very basic signs and symptoms
of this disease involves fatigue, tingling, blur vision, pain and tiredness. These symptoms
seems to be observed by the person who is suffering from multiple sclerosis.
Susan had muscle fatigue and hyper-reflexia because plaques on the corticospinal tract
slow nerve transmission along the descending motor pathways from the cortex to the
spinal motor neurons. This produces muscle weakness and hyper-reflexia.
12.2
Research the following
 Why did Susan have visual problems?
As in case of hyper reflexia, there has been observed an over reactness by the central
nervous system of the human body. Thus it affects the muscles as well which further causes

blurriness in the vision of Susan ( Buntin and Blumenthal, 2011).
 Why did Susan have numbness or tingling of the extremities?
Tingling is also considered as one of the basic symptoms of multiple sclerosis, so the same
has been happening with Susan as well.
Susan was treated with high-dose IV steroids over several days for symptoms related to
the demyelinating lesions of plaque in her CNS. The RN asked you take Susan’s BP& Pulse
frequently throughout the treatment.
In such case, the normal blood pressure of Susan can be analyzed as quite irregular.
12.3
 Can you explain why this was required?
It was required to check whether the heart beat rate of Susan is within normal condition or
not. It is important because if her heart beat rate was not normal, then it might be the
possibility that it will affect the central nervous system of Susan and that can be responsible
for further more issues.
What actions will you take if you notice changes in the client’s vital signs?
If there has been observed some changes in the vital signs of Susan, then there might be the
possibility that she must be undergo some medical session so that it can be analyzed once
again and on the basis of that, proper medications can be given to them.
The causes of MS are thought to be autoimmune in origin. Explain what autoimmune
means. What other MS-related symptoms could Susan possibly develop in the future?
Autoimmune can be considered as a sort of disease that can be caused by means of
antibiotics and specially, these are being produced against some factors such as substances
that are already and naturally present inside the human body.

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