Analysis of Tourism Industry and Economic Development

The provided document is an analysis of the tourism industry and its economic implications. It draws from multiple sources, including academic journals, books, and online resources. The content covers topics such as the impact of terrorism on tourist destinations, responsible tourism practices, and the role of tourism in national parks. Additionally, it presents data on Spain's tourism revenue and discusses top travel trends for 2017. This comprehensive analysis is suitable for students seeking to understand the complexities of the tourism industry and its economic significance.

TOURISM
DESTINATION

Table of Contents
. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1
. TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysing tourist destinations and generators of the world in number of visitors and
income generation..................................................................................................................1
1.2 Analysing statistics for determining tourism destination trends and predict future trends3
. TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Analysing cultural, social and physical features of destinations......................................5
2.2 Comparing the features of developing and leading tourist destination............................6
. TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................9
Enclosed in PPT.....................................................................................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1. Analysing the issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations............................9
4.2. The potential for responsible tourism to host community at worldwide tourist
destinations...........................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

.INTRODUCTION
Tourism destination is an important aspects which a tourist will consider before visiting
that destination. Different countries has different destination with numerous features that heelps
in attracting the tourist. Attracting a tourist to the country is important as tourism is one of the
main contributor to the economic growth and development of a country. Present report deals
with Titan Travel which is going to expand in leading tourist destinations. The report will
analysed various tourist destination of world on basis of their visitors number and their
contribution in economy. Cultural, social and physical features of developing and leading
destination appealing to tourists. Leading destination are UK and Spain and developing tourist
destination are Turkey and China. Issues affecting popularity of destinations are discussed.
Responsible tourism to enhance host community is discussed in the best way possible.
.TASK 1
1.1 Analysing tourist destinations and generators of the world in number of visitors and income
generation
The united kingdom is the world's biggest tourist destination, it contributes around
21,881 million pounds to the UK economy. The marginal revenue required to create a job in UK
tourism is estimated to be around £54,000. UK has ample of tourist destinations and rich culture.
Monuments, churches are present in UK attracting visitor's attention. The festivals in UK are
Jack in the Green, Hastings, Hay Festival in Wales, Isle of Wight Festival are major attractions
in the country. Thus, monuments, coastlines and festivals are major attractions of UK which has
much impact on overall tourism industry. There are various tourist destinations which are higher
in income generation and number of visitors. List of five main destinations where tourists come
in large number are as follows-
England-
It is one of the leading tourist attractions as it has many beautiful locations such as River
Thames, British Museum, Big Ben, Tate Modern, Brighton Pier which have major number of
visitors. There were 64,20,395 visitors attended British Museum, while 58,39,197 visited Tate
Modern in accordance to 2016 statistics. Brighton Pier had attracted 4650000 people. While,
River Thames and Big Ben have registered more than 6 million visitors. It can be analyzed from
England Tourism Fact sheet 2017 that £106 billion is being contributed to UK economy which
has also supported that 2.6 million jobs (England Tourism Factsheet – 2017. 2017).
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Spain-
Illustration 1: Contribution of Spain Tourism to GDP Source: Spain Tourism Revenues, 2018
Spain has beautiful places which has generated good income to enhance economy in
effective manner. The country have places namely A Merida Roman Theatre, Baelo Claudia, EL
Escariol and Monasterio de Piedra. On the other hand, Alhambra is another most visited
destination as 2400000 people have arrived in 2015. Monasterio de Piedra is stone monastery
which has also attracted 1400000 travellers in 2014. While, more than 75 million people have
visited in 2017. It can be analysed from the chart that October 2017, £5704 million which
reached to 3858 in April 2018. However, at the end of July 2018, £7682 million of revenue has
been generated contributing growth to Spain economy.
Zocalo (Mexico city)-
It is an heart capturing place located in Mexico which is surrounded by important
buildings in the city (Mair, Ritchie and Walters, 2016). The square is build from bland grey
blocks making the appearance dull and drab. Zocalo was previously known as Plaza de la
Constitucion and has attracted more 85000000 on an average. Moreover, there are Cathedral and
National Palace flank, historical public square which has contributed to Mexican economy to
reach $411 billion economy mark.
Times Square (New York City)-
Times Square is another major attraction in New York City, USA. More than 50 million
visitors come to visit on annual basis. It is affectionately also known as “The Crossroads of the
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World”, “The Centre of the Universe”. While, 330000 people pass daily which are tourists.
Morerover, 460000 walks through Times Square on busiest days. Moreover, public transports are
available and regarded as convenient place in the city.
Forbidden City (Beijing)-
This tourist hub is located in Beijing city of China attracting lot of visitors. This is
evident from the fact that average of 15 million travellers on annual basis since 2012 which has
reached to more than 16 million people in 2017. It is palace complex which has 980 buildings
beautifully crafted spreading over 72 hectares of land. Traditional Chinese palatial architecture is
exemplified from it and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization) has listed Forbidden City as the largest collection of old preserved wooden
structures worldwide.
Sydney Harbour Bridge (Australia)-
It is one of the famous tourist attraction in Australia which is called “The Coathanger” is
impressive construction and largest steel arched bridge in the world (Della Corte and Aria,
2016). It rises 134 metres above harbour, bridge is of 500 metres which connects Sydney North
shore to central business district. The total number of visitors were 9.5 million domestically in
which 3.7 million counts for overseas.
Place as per
2018
Nation Visitors number in
2017
Visitors
number in
2016
Income generated by
Foreign tourists in 2017
England U.K 6 million 6420395 £106 billion
spain Spain 75 million 2400000 £5704 million
Zokolo Maxico city 85000000 $411 billion
Times
Square
United states 16 million people 15 million
Forbidden
City
China
Sydney Australia 3.7 million
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Harbour
Bridge
1.2 Analysing statistics for determining tourism destination trends and predict future trends
Spain is one of the leading destination that has effectively secured second position in
worldwide tourism. This is evident from the fact that there were 82 million visitors which
marked as most visited tourist country in the world. Tourism is 3rd contributor to Spain economy
having share of 10-11 % of GDP. Large number of visitors arrives from UK, France, Germany,
Italy and USA. The country has major destinations such as Avila, Alcala Da Henares, Baeza
Cordoba which are cultural heritages being visited by travellers around the world.
Current Trends in Spain tourism
 Different destinations need to resolve air ticketing issues so that tickets can be attained nd
travel can be made in cultural heritages of Spain.
 Sustainable tourism has grown up to a high extent as travellers are becoming more
conscious about it and Spain has made sustainable holiday options (Arnegger and Herz,
2016). National parks covers 4 % of nation in the north Spain, which is designated as
Europe's largest park- The Picos De Europa. Green Spain has been signified to northern
regions such as Galicia, Asturias, Basque County. Tourist tax is being implemented to
maintain Balearic Islands.
 Social media channels such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram are used for attracting
people and popularity is gained with such strategy and indirect promotional activities are
accomplished (Iniesta-Bonillo, Sánchez-Fernández and Jiménez-Castillo, 2016).
 Booking package on online basis has been introduced so that people can effectively book
their destination with regards to packages available and attracting more customers from
worldwide.
Future Trends in Spain tourism
 In future, spa and wellness holidays will be increased. Head to southern region of
Andalusia for opulent Arabic bathhouses taking inspiration from Moorish past , tourist
are enjoying old culture with kessa massages and scrubs. Canary Islands will become
favoured destination in Spain mainly Gran Canaria dotted with spa hotels. This will
attract worldwide tourists (Spain's Top Travel Trends For 2017. 2016).
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 Accommodation will be improved in the future mainly hotels which are surrounded by
farms or with own kitchen gardens. Spain has been already home to rural hotels, olive
and citrus groves, located with vineyards attracting foodies. More hotels will be seen
providing quality accommodation services and themed around foods and drinks like
newly opened Praktik Bakery, in which bakery is done with bread baking downstairs.
Thus, hotels will be seen and accommodations will be improve and Titan Travel can
expand its operations in Spain.
 Technological advancement is needed for exploring different ways to discover
destinations in the best way possible. Barcelona is major technological hub. Interactive
screens on shelters of buses to smartly notify parking spaces and installation of LED
lighting which has provided with technology thriving.
.TASK 2
2.1 Analysing cultural, social and physical features of destinations
The cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations are as follows:
Features Spain UK
Cultural Spain has already become second
leading destination for tourist in the
world. It is separated from UK as it has
abundant cultural heritages and famous
architectures capturing attention of
people. La Tomatina festival (tomato
fight festival), Las Fallas de Valencia
(festival of fire), Feria del Caballo
(Horse Fair) are major festivals in
Spain.
UK has ample of tourist destinations and
rich culture. Monuments, churches are
present in UK attracting visitor's
attention. The festivals in UK are Jack in
the Green, Hastings, Hay Festival in
Wales, Isle of Wight Festival are major
attractions in the country. Thus,
monuments, coastlines and festivals are
major attractions of UK which has much
impact on overall tourism industry.
Social The tourism has impacted country as it
has been crowned as most visited
destination (Claveria and Poluzzi,
2017). Accommodation and hotels are
already developing in Spain for
The nation is mainly indulged in
communication with each other. They
become familiar with people and
maintain social relationships. They
prefer to be indulge in social gatherings.
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capturing visitor's attention. Many local,
national bodies are working for making
improvement in Spain. Government
policies in country is flexible attracting
mass groups from around the world.
Local and government policies are well-
structured and tourism is then prioritized
for progressing economy having large
visits of tourists.
Physical Spain has many mountains, islands,
flora and fauna in large quantum.
Balearic Islands, Canary Islands,
Pheasant Islands are main attractions.
Cordillera Cantabrica, Sistema Iberico
are mountains. While, Tagus, Ebro,
Guadiana and Minho are some of rivers.
There is great variety of flora and fauna
by having diversity of habitats and
biotopes etc.
Coastlines, rivers, hills and mountains
are in UK. Ben Nevis is popular
mountain and Landscape of Scotland is
another leading destination. The water
supply and urban infrastructure is well-
developed in the nation and wide
transportation networks are present
(Stanford and Guiver, 2016). The
physical features provide clarity that
tourism in the country is enhanced in a
better way and attracting tourism.
2.2 Comparing the features of developing and leading tourist destination.
The Titan travel should opt for those destination which will generate more revenue and
opportunity for the company (Bryce, 2012). By considering the cultural, social and physical
physical feature of UK and Spain, following are the comparison of features of two developing
countries with these countries.
Basis of comparison UK and Spain Turkey and China
Cultural  UK is recognized as one of
the best destination for
culture and heritage.
Monuments, churches of
UK always attracts the
visitors attention
(Katircioglu,, Katircioğlu,
 Turkey offers lots of
attractions and different
tours, from the historical
places and religious sites to
the modern museums and
art galleries, from the best
tourist attractions and daily
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and Altinay, 2018). A new
generation of visitors who
like to explore further, stay
longer and spend more,
whether they're visitors
from overseas.
 Spain is the leading
destination for tourist.
Different festivals of
countries captures attention
of people. In Spain there
unique monuments, as well
as outstanding museums
and masterpieces of
universal art.
excursions to the ancient
ruins and holy sites, from
sightseeing tours to
cultural tours. Turkish
culture is very welcoming
to strangers and
friendly(Zhang, Cheung
and Law, 2018).
 Chinese culture is one of
the most ancient
civilizations in world.
China is rich is
architectural monuments.
national parks with
different climate and
nature, modern
metropolises and small
provincial towns which
managed to preserve their
original culture, amazing
sand beaches and beautiful
snow-white mountain tops.
Social Accommodation and hotels are
already developing in Spain for
capturing visitor's attention. Many
local, national bodies are working
for making improvement in Spain.
Government policies in country is
flexible attracting mass groups
 Chinese culture is an
amalgamation of old world
traditions and a
westernized lifestyle.
Confucianism, Taoism and
Buddhism are the three
major religions in China.
The biggest social problem
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from around the world
(Frank, 2018).
The nation is mainly indulged in
communication with each other.
They become familiar with people
and maintain social relationships.
They prefer to be indulge in social
gatherings. Local and government
policies are well-structured and
tourism is then prioritized for
progressing economy having large
visits of tourists.
which a tourist faces in
china is its language
barrier. The local people
nether understand nor can
speak English which is the
biggest issue of tourism in
china.
 The most important
determinants of social
status are wealth and
education. Islamic
tradition, ideology, and
ritual are very important.
About 98 percent of
Turkey's citizens are
nominally Muslim. Turkey
is a democratic, secular
and social state.
Physical  UK is rich in natural
beauty. It has several hills
and mountains which
attracts tourists. The water
supply and urban
infrastructure is well-
developed in the nation and
wide transportation
networks are present. The
physical features provide
clarity that tourism in the
country is enhanced in a
better way and attracting
 The most developed tourist
directions may be divided
into two parts: the central
region, including historical
sights and modern
metropolises such as
Beijing and Shanghai, and
surrounding areas where
the traveler can learn about
Chinese nature from its
national parks to well-
groomed beaches on the
cost of the South China
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tourism.
 Spain has many mountains,
islands, flora and fauna in
large quantum. Balearic
Islands, Canary Islands,
Pheasant Islands are main
attractions. There is great
variety of flora and fauna
by having diversity of
habitats and biotypes etc.
Sea. Jiuzhaigou — China's
First National Park is a big
turquoise pools with high
mountain glacier scenery
(Zhang and et.al., 2018).
 Turkey is a country with
an enormous variety of
natural attractions which
cannot be seen in any other
countries. The national
parks, amazing natural
wonders, nature parks,
natural protection areas
and wetlands in Turkey.
the natural beauties of
Turkey, such as the
waterfalls, mountains,
canyons, valleys, lakes and
rivers are one of the
biggest attraction of
tourist.
Both the China and Turkey has sound tourism sector, but the economic condition is not as
good as that of Spain and UK. Spain and UK comes in world's leading economy. The tourist
development programs in leading destination are more beneficial for country's tourism sector in
compare to China and Turkey as they are developing countries.
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.TASK 3
Enclosed in PPT
TASK 4
4.1. Analysing the issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations.
Tourist is very important for the economic growth of a country, as it helps in increasing
GDP and increasing popularities of any countries. But there are many factors in a country that
will affect the attraction of tourist to that country. Following are some issues of a country or
destination which can affect the popularity of tourist destination:
 Impact of globalisation: The current globalization in world is impacting the tourist
destination worldwide. Tourism is one of the largest industries worldwide, recession
period in worldwide has impact the country's economic growth and stability. It has
decreased the popularity of country. At the time of recession the inflation rate in Turkey
and UK has increased the rates of accommodation and transportation cost. As UK
dependent on other nations in terms of natural resources like petrol, it has affected the
tourist to come as cost of transportation is higher.
 Climate of a country: Weather condition of a country is very important criteria which
are being considered by tourist before coming to that destination. Tourism is very much
dependent on the climate of that country. Sea level rise will leads to extreme winds, high
tide and an increasing sea level that will leads to extreme events of coastal flooding.
More acidic oceans will affect the coastal tourism infrastructure of that country. Rising
temperature will affect the winter holiday spots. Heavy rainfall area will affect the tourist
as they will not able to enjoy their holiday in rainfall. Spain has counted high degree of
temperature in summers, which makes Spain unpleasant at summer season. It affect the
tourist attraction who were planning for summer holidays in Spain. Turkey has a
Mediterranean climate zone, where winters are rainy ans anowy and summers are dry. It
will affect the attraction of tourists.
 Political issues: the country facing political unrest, with riots and rallies and obstruction
in daily life will affect the number of tourist coming in that country. It involves the threat
of security of lives of the citizen. No tourist will want to visit such destination.
Government laws and regulation regarding tourism also affect the number of tourist in
the destination. Turkey has been the victim of terrors attack since the start of year which
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leads to affect its tourism sector. The tourist numbers are started to decline in Turkey. In
Spain, the leading political issue of are Catalonian crisis which leads to decline in tourism
sector.
 Cultural factors : Many tourist influenced by the culture of a particular destination.
Cultural differences is the main factors that drives the willingness of tourist to visit that
destination. cultural heritage allows visitors to meet with local members of the
community. The overcrowding in China makes it less attractive for tourist, the language
barrier is one of the main drawbacks in china, there are no well trained operators which
creates problem for tourist.
 Economic factor: economic condition of a country can also affect the attraction of
tourist to that country. People tends to control the spending on tourism. Economic factors
like demand and supply, infrastructure development, inflation rate affects the tourism of
that country. Increasing inflation and adverse exchange rate which is affecting tourism in
country negatively is strong currency would make foreign currencies lower hence lower
spending would be made by international tourism visiting in that country. Turkey's
business and economic outlook hinges on problems. The domestic saving rate,
unemployment all are adversely affecting the tourism sector of the country.
4.2. The potential for responsible tourism to host community at worldwide tourist destinations.
Responsible tourism is an agenda which states to make country better place for citizens to
live and the tourist who visited the country. It requires to tale actions to make tourism ore
sustainable, for that operators, hoteliers, governments and local people and tourists should take
responsibility. Responsible tourism focuses on people, businesses and government do to
maximise the positive economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism. It identifies the
important issues locally and addressing those reports for using tourism for sustainable
development.
Objectives of Responsible tourism are as follows:
 To minimize the economic, environmental and social impacts that can influence the
tourism sector of company.
 Enhances economic development that can be beneficial for local people and increases the
well being of host communities.
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 Proper maintenance of natural and cultural heritage of the country.
 Provide more enjoyable experiences for tourist through proper connection with local
people, with local cultural social and environmental issues.
Responsible tourism plays an important role to achieve a virtuous circle. And the host
country should recognized that the potentials of responsible tourism is helpful in maintaining
economic growth of country. Therefore, responsible tourism is becoming one of the target
tourism models in order to release the negative impacts on economy, society and environment
and bring the most benefits for the local communities. Responsible tourism helps in help in
increasing and develop the service standards for tourism that will help the operators,
governments and local communities to reduce the impacts on natural environment and gain more
satisfactions fir tourists in order to make the host community to make most attractive destination
in world. UK is adapting responsible tourism in order to increase the tourism sector. National
Rail Enquiry and Village Online are some programs which will helpful for the tourist to enjoy
their stay in UK.
The solution for the problem of tourism in countries can increase the tourist attraction to that
country:
Economic factor:
Turkey can solve its economic issues by giving more focus on the small scale industries,
providing loans to them to increase their operations. It will help in increasing the job
opportunities in country, that will help in increasing the standard of living in the country.
Government of turkey should work on increasing the exports of the product and services, that
can help in increasing the value of currency in global market.
Cultural factors :
The government of china should enforces the local people to adapt different languages, so
that they can communicate to the tourist. Government should proper steps regarding the
overcrowding of the countries. Proper training should be given to local guides and operators o
that they can welcome and exploit the tourist well.
CONCLUSION
By summing up the above report it can be concluded that, tourism is an important sector
which contributes in economic development of a company. There are many aspects which leads
to attract customer in country. The report has been prepared to gain understanding of UK and
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worldwide destinations, their cultural, social and physical features, their characteristics and
issues affecting their popularity. Present report has discussed that it is very important that the
cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations need to be studied and thus the
facilities, services and the infrastructure needs to be developed harnessing the important
characteristics of the tourist destination. Leading destination like UK and Spain and developing
destination like China and Turkey are being compared. The file has conducted that the three
cities have strong cultural background which are responsible for main tourist attraction.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Mair, J., Ritchie, B. W. and Walters, G., 2016. Towards a research agenda for post-disaster and
post-crisis recovery strategies for tourist destinations: A narrative review. Current Issues in
Tourism.19(1). pp.1-26.
Della Corte, V. and Aria, M., 2016. Coopetition and sustainable competitive advantage. The case
of tourist destinations. Tourism Management. 54.pp.524-540.
Arnegger, J. and Herz, M., 2016. Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in
emerging tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.5(2).
pp.76-85.
Iniesta-Bonillo, M. A., Sánchez-Fernández, R. and Jiménez-Castillo, D., 2016. Sustainability,
value, and satisfaction: Model testing and cross-validation in tourist destinations.Journal of
Business Research. 69(11). pp.5002-5007.
Claveria, O. and Poluzzi, A., 2017. Positioning and clustering of the world’s top tourist
destinations by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data.Journal
of Destination Marketing & Management. 6(1). pp.22-32.
Stanford, D. and Guiver, J., 2016. Driving pro-environmental change in tourist destinations:
encouraging sustainable travel in National Parks via partnership project creation and
implementation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.24(3). pp.484-505.
Bryce, D., 2012. Turkey, tourism and interpellated ‘Westernness’: Inscribing collective visitor
subjectivity. Tourism Geographies. 14(3). pp.444-466.
Katircioglu, S., Katircioğlu, S. and Altinay, M., 2018. Interactions between tourism and financial
sector development: evidence from Turkey. The Service Industries Journal. 38(9-10).
pp.519-542.
Zhang, T., Cheung, C. and Law, R., 2018. Functionality Evaluation for Destination Marketing
Websites in Smart Tourism Cities. Journal of China Tourism Research. 14(3). pp.263-278.
Clark, G .L. and Wójcik, D. eds., 2018. The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography.
Oxford University Press.
Ball, R. and Pratt, A. C., 2018. Industrial property: policy and economic development.
Routledge.
Frank, A.G., 2018. The development of underdevelopment. In Promise of development (pp. 111-
123). Routledge.
Zhang, J. and et.al., 2018. How country image affects tourists’ destination evaluations: A
moderated mediation approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(6), pp.904-
930.
Afonso-Rodríguez, J. A. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2018. Is Spain benefiting from the Arab
Spring? On the impact of terrorism on a tourist competitor country. Quality & Quantity.
52(3). pp.1371-1408.
Mathew, P. V. and Sreejesh, S., 2017. Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability
and quality of life of community in tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and
Tourism Management. 31. pp.83-89.
Caruana, R. and et.al., 2014. Tourists’ accounts of responsible tourism. Annals of Tourism
Research, 46, pp.115-129.
ONLINE
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