Analysis & Evaluation Report Outline

This report outlines the analysis and evaluation of a study on the impact of a plant-based diet on type 2 diabetes. It discusses the research methodology, findings, critical evaluation, and implications of the study.

Running Head: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION REPORT OUTLINE
Analysis & Evaluation Report Outline
Author’s name
Institutional Affiliation
Author’s Note

Analysis and evaluation report outline
Introduction
Diet plays a very important role in good health. In conditions like diabetes, green effective diet
helps in controlling the condition. Focusing on diet and leading a healthy lifestyle, helps in
managing various health-related complexities.
Main Body
Part 1: General information
Can a plant-based diet prevent or reserves type 2 diabetes?
The main reason behind to chose this topic is, as there are significant numbers of the patient who
are suffering from this problem.
P- the target population for the study was 22,434 men and 38,469 women from Adventist church
U.S and Canada.
I- From the study, it is found that non-vegetarian is more likely to suffer from obesity.
The patient can be given treatment via insulin.
C- Some other recommendation other than medicine is to reduce the risk of diabetes is to take
green food and diabetes rich content food.
Physical activities are also recommended.
Do not take red meat, fish, egg in your meal.
O- The chance of death is very few but brings complication in health (Tonstad, Butler, Yan, &
Fraser, 2009).
Green diets play a major role in restricting the obesity and promoting health. In the European
Prospective Investigation, it is found that the level of BMI is highest in animal meat lover, lowest
in vegetarian and fish eater is between the two(intermediate level) vegetarian generally have a
low weight which is mainly due to ignoring of major food groups.
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Based on the experimental data, investigators suggested that a vegetarian diet carries the
advantage of metabolic for the protection against type 2 diabetes.
It is assumed that a vegetarian diet, that is vegan, lactovo, or pesco-vegetarian, are linked with
lower possibilities of obesity and type 2 diabetes with no or semi-vegetarian diet (Tonstad,
Butler, Yan, & Fraser, 2009).
Part 2: Analysis
The research is based on The Adventist Health Study- 2 cohorts, which is initiated in 2002-2006
with 97,000 members of the Adventist church from the U.S and Canada.
This study is about type 2 diabetes in people who are different types of vegetarian.
In this research methodology used for this search is multivariate-adjusted logistic regression
through which they calculated the odds ratio(ORs) and 95% CIs. The data was collected from the
Seventh-Day Adventist Church.
Subject, participation, and population of the study. For this study, 22,434 men and 38,469
women were selected. The main subject is type 2 diabetes (Tonstad, Butler, Yan, & Fraser,
2009).
Lacto-ovo and vegan vegetarian diets are linked with the non-vegetarian diets after many
adjustments of social economic and lifestyle, and also low BMI, which are mainly associated
with intermediate risk reduction approx one- third or quarter.Consumption of dietary constituents
reduces diabetes up to approx 40%. As compared to vegetarians, non vegetarians have more have
higher insulin, glucose, and homeostasis (Tonstad, Butler, Yan, & Fraser, 2009).
The main implication of the findings of the research is its contribution to the management of type
2 diabetes by promoting a vegetarian diet among the population and making them realize its
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Analysis and evaluation report outline
benefit. The population may be made aware about the benefit of vegetarian diet and they may be
encouraged to accept it, with the help of the data and information presented by this study.
The research question of this group i.e. Can a plant-based diet prevent or reverse type 2 diabetes?
is effectively addressed in this research as it focuses on impact of vegetarian diet on type 2
diabetes. Hence, findings of the study would help in answering the group question which is
impact of plant based diet on type 2 diabetes.
Part 3: Critical evaluation
The reports are made on a certain parameter, sometimes all the parameter is not being fulfilled
by the research company or by groups.
To measure the parameter a tool is used called Critical Appraisal Tool.
1) Where the patient’s demographic characteristics clearly described?
Patient age is not clearly described but sex, and the race is mention is in the research paper.
It also not mention the medical history and present treatment of the patient (Tonstad, Butler,
Yan, & Fraser, 2009).
2) Was the patient history clearly described and presented as a timeline?
History of the patient, medical, family, and psychosocial history is not included in the research
paper(Care List 2013).
3) Was the current clinical condition of the patient on the presentation clearly described?
The current clinical condition of the patient does not mention it in detail, only symptom and its
reason for cause is mention. Only a few ways of diagnosis are given in the research paper
(Tonstad, Butler, Yan, & Fraser, 2009).
4) Where diagnostic tests or methods and the results clearly described?
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Yes, given research paper has provided sufficient information to understand how the patient was
checked. It does not give photographs, radiographs. It gives little ideas for the diagnosis of
diabetes. Some of the diagnostic tests are given but lack some other test too (Tonstad, Butler,
Yan, & Fraser, 2009).
5) Was the intervention(s) or treatment procedure(s) clearly described?
No, its lack in giving proper intervention procedure. It gives only a few methods for the
treatment like not to eat red meat and eggs. Increase dietary rich foods and do physical activities.
It only mentions one drug, insulin and also it does not mention its side effect.
6) Was the post-intervention clinical condition clearly described?
No, it does not discuss any post-intervention clinic condition and symptoms.
7) Were adverse events (harms) or unanticipated events identified and described?
No, it lacks such types of information.
8) Does the case report provide takeaway lessons?
Yes, research paper summaries the points that we learned from it (Tonstad, Butler, Yan, &
Fraser, 2009).
Flaws in the research paper- Vegetarian diets have low glycemic index like beans, legumes and
nuts. It does not calculated the glycemic load of the diet. It does not found relationship between
dietary glycemic index or load and risk of diabetes. It also does not include whether glycemic
response cause diabetes. It does not include, whether vegetarian and non-vegetarian are match in
respect to abdominal girth. It has only investigated the sparse data. The research paper do not
access the physical activity and MET units were missing. There remains issue with degree of
measurement of food frequency is questionnaires. Issue of diabetes is been underreported in the
vegetarian diet because of the low BMI report.
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Potential limitation /biases of the chosen study- Some of the evidences indicate temporal
relationship between initiating plant based diets and leanness. Through a random study it is
found that vegetarian diet do not improve long term weight loss, which is a major limitation of
the chosen study.
Examination of the references in the study
Some of the study references are used in this assignment these are:
a) Meat eating , fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in EPIC- Oxford.
b) Effects of changing from a mixed to self-selected vegetarian diet on anthropometric
measurement in UK adults.
On analyzing the references used in the chosen study, it can be noticed that most of the
references are from authentic sources. It can be established from the fact that, the references are
mostly from peer-reviewed articles and journals.
The questions raised from the research paper are:
1) Is diabetes can be only caused due to the consumption of different types of food?
2) How smoking and alcohol consumption effect on the causes of diabetes?
For Critical appraisal tool, please refer the appendix.
If I am a member of the EBM article then I have added some topic like what may be other cause
behind diabetes. I also added some topics like how much intake of red meat or other meats
increases the chance of diabetes. Hence, the research design would have focused on the
comparison between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet.
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Part 4: Implication
There are certain sections in Getting to know your diabetes Reference guide for people with
diabetes that is provided by RNAO, which gives best practice guideline for maintaining diet.
The best practice guideline/standard suggested by RNAO are, intake of starch should be the size
of fist(potato, rice, pasta, bread, cereal). Intake of vegetables should be approx of what two can
hold. Low carbohydrates vegetable should be taken(green or yellow beans, lettuce, broccoli).
Intake of fruit equivalent to the size of tennis ball(approx 125 ml). Intake of dairy products
should be one portion per meal(approx 125 to 250ml). Alternative of meat(lean meat, chicken,
fish, legumes, and eggs)-- take meat as size of our palm and its thickness should be as of our
little finger , one portion per meal. Intake of cheese or butter should be as size two our two
thumb(30 to 60 gram). Intake of fat should be as tip of our thumb(approx 1 teaspoon). Do at least
half hour physical activity to be protected from diabetes (Registered Nurses' Association of
Ontario, 2019).
However, in CNO, no such specifications can be noticed (College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO),
2019). For this purpose, a set of best practice guidelines can be formulated as follows:
Best practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes in maintaining their health requires following some
best practice guidelines like maintaining body weight with the help of proper diet. Focus on
diet based on cultural, social, regional preferences of individuals. Maintain individual lipid
goal, blood pressure and glycemic level. Provide with recommendation to attain these goal
like, level of A1C should be less than 7 percent, maintain blood pressure upto less than 140/80
mmHg, maintain the level of LDL cholesterol and should be less than 100 mg/dl, maintain the
level of triglycerides and should be less than 150 mg/dl. For men it is recommended to control
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the level of HDL cholesterol and it should be more than 40 mg/dL. For women it is
recommended to control the level of HDL cholesterol and should be greater than 50 mg/dL.
Yes, there are some set of policy related to the diet maintenance that are practiced in our clinical
setting.
These policy are standardizing the calorie intake of the patient.We check the intake calorie of the
patients on the regular basic to maintain the diabetes. Keep monitoring of diet while doing diet
plan and provide the nutrient as per the specific needs of the care user. Promoting healthy weight
and active lifestyle among patients. To promote this standard we suggest the patient to do
physical activity at least half an hour to maintain an ideal weight. Regular checkup of insulin,
glucose level, and cholesterol for effective management of the condition. To promote this
standard provide with the patient with timely reminder before the due date so that their check is
not delayed.
Conclusion
Thus, based on the above-made discussion, it may be stated that, for patients having diabetes,
constant care and monitoring of the condition is required for effectively controlling it. In case if
such patients, proper diet and active lifestyle help in the management of the condition.
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Reference
College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) (2019).Standards & Guidelines. Retrieved from
http://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/standards-and-guidelines.
Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. (2019). Reducing Foot Complications for People with
Diabetes. Retrieved from https://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/reducing-foot-complications-
people-diabetes.
Tonstad, S., Butler, T., Yan, R., & Fraser, G. E. (2009). Type of vegetarian diet, body weight,
and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 32(5), 791-796.
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