Analysis, Design And Simulation Of Smart Grid

Analysis, Design And Simulation Of Smart Grid1
ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SMART GRID
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Analysis, Design And Simulation Of Smart Grid2
ABSTRACT
The current communication infrastructure serves as a limitation that restricts the types of
protection and controls that can be deployed creating a technological gap in innovative practices.
Research has indicated that Smart grids will significantly result into numerous advantages. This
study aims at exploring a range of analytical methodologies and simulation techniques that can
be used to analyze and design smart grids. Building on the work that is already existing, the
study asks: How can smart grids be analyzed, simulated, and designed to deliver maximum
efficiency? What specific analytical, simulation and design strategies must be undertaken to
ensure that smart grids remain reliable, resilient, and efficient. In this context, smart grids is
defined as, “Smart grids are electrical grids that comprise an array of energy measures and
operation, including smart appliances, smart meters, energy-efficient resources, and renewable
energy resources”.
Based on several literature on the smart grid technology, different approaches of
analysis, simulation, and design would be explored to identify which ones are the most efficient
to be used in conjunction. The research indicates that smart grid offers reliability through state
estimation that allows autonomous correction network and fault detection without the
involvement of technicians. It provides a flexible network topology so that bi-direction energy
flows may be better handled to allow for distributed generation. It also increases the
infrastructure efficiency through load adjustment and leveling. Further research is recommended
on the best simulation tools to be used for the designing of the smart grids.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to begin by saying a word of thank you to my thesis advisor. His office was always
open whenever I had a problem with my thesis work. Consistently, he encouraged me to give my
best in the paper.
Also, I sincerely thanks the librarian who gave allowed me to do my research in the laboratory
and research facilities with less restriction. Finally, I must appreciate my parents for their
unending support and ceaseless reassurance through the process of researching and writing this
thesis. Lastly, I dedicate all this effort unto God for the His unending guidance, love and care as I
undertake my studies and particularly in this thesis work,
Author

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................2
Rationale..........................................................................................................................................2
Problem Statement...........................................................................................................................2
Objectives........................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................................3
Smart grid simulation challenges.....................................................................................................3
Simulation Environments................................................................................................................4
Cyber security issue in smart grid communication..........................................................................5
Development of a smart grid...........................................................................................................7
Communication network simulator.................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................11
Description of Methodology..........................................................................................................12
Required Data................................................................................................................................12
Data Collection..............................................................................................................................12
Regulatory Guides.........................................................................................................................12
Data Analysis.................................................................................................................................12
PRELIMINARY RESULTS..........................................................................................................14
Simulations....................................................................................................................................14
SUMMARY AND RESEARCH PLAN........................................................................................15

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Table of figures
Figure 1 System operation over time (Source: Albasrawi et al., 2014) 7
Figure 3: Conceptual Models Of The Smart Grid 11
Figure 4: Picturesque View of the Smart Grid 11
Figure 5: Interface of DSDYN and DSOUT 14
Figure 6: OPNET Simulation 15
Figure 7: Event Handling 16
Figure 8 Steps for Methodology (Source: Self-created) 17
Figure 9: Power System and the Communication Network Simulators 19
Figure 10: Simulation Stands for Power Grid and Communication Network Respectively 20
Figure 11: Simulation Results 20
Figure 12: Flow of Co-Simulation and Event Handling 21
Tables
Table 1: Work Plan (Source: Self-created) 22
Table 2: Gantt chart (Source: Self-created) 23

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
Background
The power grid can be defined as an electrical system that is responsible for distributing
power to various electrical devices by means of multiple operations such as generation,
distribution, transmission, and control station. There is a need to supervise the real-time data of
the system so that corrective measures are corrected on the power grid. This is concerning the
more extended power outages that have been experienced mostly during times that crucial take is
underway. Hence, an efficient communication system is one which provides a solution in such
unexpected situations. This has led to numerous research that has degenerated into an intelligent
network known as a smart grid. Despite the ongoing work, the smart grid continues to
experience challenges in relation to the provision of end to end communication services.
Additionally, analysis, simulation, and design of smart grids is an uphill task, which this paper
will expand upon.
There are various components which constitute the smart grid, including energy-efficient
resources, intelligent appliances, renewable resources, and smart meters. These components form
an integral component of the smart grid and are responsible for the production and distribution of
electric power (Siano, 2014). There are numerous advantage's associated with the smart grids:
for instance: smart grids offer high reliability via state estimation, which in turn allows self-
healing of the network as well as detection of faults autonomously. By providing a flexible
system, the smart grid makes it easy for the maintenance of the bi-direction energy flow; this
enhanced the distribution network (Shaukat et al., 2018). Additionally, a smart grid system helps

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in improving the energy efficiency by self-load adjustment as well as leveling of the peek
curtailment (2014)
Rationale
Majorly, this study thesis is conducted for purposes of highlighting the analysis,
simulation, and design stages of smart grids so that the various desirable characterizes are
achieved. For this case, we will have a look at the different stages of developing the smart grid,
since it is a complex system as it is associated with many implications as well as application (Yu
and Xue, 2016). Despite being traced over a hundred years of development, the efficiency of the
smart grid relies on the practical implementation, as opposed to the theoretical application.
Additionally, the smart grids are associated with some concreters related to cybersecurity,
making the implementation, design, analysis, and simulation still a nightmare for an ideal or rate
highly efficient case. (Lobaccaro, Carlucci and Löfström, 2016).
Problem Statement
Currently, the existing communication infrastructure experiences some challenges which
limit the types of control and protection which can be deployed. This results in a lack of
flexibility, a significant barrier to the advancement of other innovative technologies and
innovative practices which could be of great benefit. (Li and Zhang, 2014). By extension, several
problems are experienced in the various integral components of the smart grids in relation to
communication, security, micro-grid, demand response, as well as the integration of new grid
elements. In respect to this, the problem statements to guide in the development of this thesis is
"the contingency of smart grids is important to reap the benefits out of this system; however, this
can only be attained if challenges of analysis, simulation, and design are rightly adhered to at
various grid levels, from security to energy management and communication infrastructure."

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The justification is that the smart grid is a sophisticated system, which necessitates for a
precarious and comprehensive examination to results in a reliable characterize (Cintuglu et al.,
2017). This research will address some of the challenges vis-à-vis the information processing,
security, and effective communication so that their resolution may be realized to define a broader
vision of the smarter power grid
Objectives and objectives
The principal objective of this thesis work is to examine a variety of analytical methodologies
which can be utilized in the analysis of smart grids.
Besides, the study aims to:
1. To explore various simulation techniques which are essential in the practical
implementation of the smart grids efficient.
2. To explore multiple design alternatives for purposes of attaining reliability and resiliency
in smart grids.
3. To help in curbing various challenges associated with smart grids by proposing some of
effective strategies for its analysis, simulation, and design.
Hypothesis/Question
Below are some of the research questions for this thesis study:
1. How can smart grids be analyzed, simulated, and designed to deliver maximum
efficiency?
2. What specific analytical, simulation, and design strategies must be undertaken to achieve
reliability, resiliency, and efficiency in smart grids.