An Analysis of Economic Growth, Trade Relations, Culture, Religion, Education, Language, and Political & Legal Systems of Major Countries with Australia

This article provides an analysis of economic growth, trade relations, culture, religion, education, language, and political & legal systems of major countries with Australia. It includes tables and data to support the analysis. The article is relevant for MGT340 course and is suitable for students studying in any college or university.

Running head: MGT340
MGT340
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note

1MGT340
Table of Contents
Part 1 –Growth and Trade...............................................................................................................2
Table 1 - Growth..........................................................................................................................2
Part 1 –Growth and Trade...............................................................................................................4
Table 2 – Trade with Australia.....................................................................................................4
Part 2 – Culture -Religions...............................................................................................................6
Part 3 – Political & Legal Systems..................................................................................................10
References and Bibliography:........................................................................................................13

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Part 1 –Growth and Trade
Table 1 - Growth
Economic growth comparison between countries
Real GDP Growth
(%)
Average GDP per capita
(US$)
Average Current
Account Balance (US$b)
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Australi
a
2.8 2.0 49896.5 53800 -370.3 -326.5
China 6.7 6.9 8115.8 8643.1 202.2 164.9
India 7.1 6.7 1749.2 1982.7 -15.3 -51.2
Japan 1.0 1.7 38982.9 38439.5 188.1 195.4
UK 1.8 1.7 40529.6 39734.6 -153.9 -106.7
USA 1.5 2.3 57558.9 59501.1 -451.7 -466.2
Table 1 represents economic conditions of six largest countries, which are, Australia,
China, India, Japan, U.K and U.S.A. Through using real GDP growth rate, average GDP per
capita (US$) and average current account (US$b), the table has intended to describe about
economic stability and financial performance of these countries. According to these data, India
has performed well in 2016 and 2017 along with China, as real GDP growth rate have remained
high for these two countries compare to others (dfat.gov.au). Hence, it can be said that these two
countries are expanding their economic structure and have earned potential to captures a large
share of international market. Secondly, average per capita income for India and China are
represented as low compare to other countries. Hence, it can be said that business organisations

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can hire labour at a lower wage rate. Except China and Japan, average current account balance
for other four countries is showing negative values. It implies that those countries have imported
more goods and services and have exported fewer products.

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Part 1 –Growth and Trade
Table 2 – Trade with Australia
Comparison of countries’ trade with Australia
China India Japan UK USA
AUSTRALIA (A$m)
Mercha
ndise
Trade
(A$m)
164708 20856 66079 12990 43582
Investm
ent
Outwar
d (A$m)
77099 13957 125122 333117 664512
Investm
ent
Inward
(A$m)
64954 15494 219236 481387 896850
Australi
an
Exports
(A$m)
100184 15748 44981 6114 12269
Australi
a’s
Imports
(A$m)
64524 5109 21098 6876 31313
China India Japan U.K USA
Major items exports
from Australia
Iron ores,
coal, wools
and other
animal hair,
copper
ores,
education
and
personal
travel
Coal,
vegetables,
gold, copper
ore,
education
and personal
travel
Coal, iron
ores, beef,
copper
ores,
personal
travel and
transport
Gold, lead,
alcoholic
beverages,
silver and
petroleum,
personal
travel and
professional
and technical
services
Beef, meat,
aircraft,
spacecraft,
pharm
products,
professional
and
technical
services,
personal
travel

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Major items imports
to Australia Telecom
equipment,
computers,
furniture,
mattresses
ad
cushions,
toys games
and
personal
travel
Refined
petroleum,
medicaments,
pearls and
gems,
railway
vehicles,
personal
travel,
professional
and technical
services
Passenger
motor
vehicles,
gold,
refined
petroleum,
goods
vehicles,
personal
travel and
transport
Passenger
motor
vehicles,
medicaments,
pharma
products,
alcoholic
beverages,
personal
travel,
professional
and technical
services
Passenger
motor
vehicles,
aircraft,
spacecraft,
medical
instruments,
telecom
equipments,
personal
travel and
professional
and
technical
services
Table 2 has illustrated various economic factors like merchandise, investment, exports
and imports to describe the trade relations of five major countries with Australia. This in turn can
help to understand about the position of Australia in international economy. It can be seen from
the above table that each country except China has invested more money in Australia compare to
investment of Australia in those countries. This huge amount of foreign investment has helped
Australia to enrich economically. Moreover, Australia has exported goods and services by large
amount to U.S.A and China. On the other contrary, the country has imported goods and services
by large amount from China, U.S.A and Japan (dfat.gov.au). Hence, from this exporting relation,
it can be said that Australia has captured significant market share in terms of international trade
in global economies. The entire discussion based on 2016-2017 data stated that the country could
develop further through maintaining proper relationships with these five major countries.

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Part 2 – Culture -Religions
(country)
Australia China India Japan U.K U.S.A
Cultural
practices
Power
Distance
36=
Organization
has low
powerful
members and
institutions
accept this
unequal
distribution
of power
80= high
power
distance
indicates
strong
hierarchic
al position
77=
Appre
ciate
hierarc
hy,
follow
ed by a
top-
down
structu
re
54=
Concerne
d about
hierarchic
al position
35=
provide
equal
rights to
people
40= Focus
on equal
rights,
based on
liberty and
justice for
every
citizen
Individua
lism
90= follows
extremely
individualisti
c culture
20=
Collective
society
48=
both
collect
ive
and
individ
ualistic
culture
46=
collective
society
89=
individuali
stic
culture is
seen
91=Strong
individuali
stic
culture
Masculini
ty
61= Strong
competition
and success
66=
Strong
competitio
n and
success
giving less
importanc
e to leisure
and family
activities
56=
mediu
m
compe
tition
and
succes
s
95=
strong
competitio
n between
groups
66= strong
competitio
n and
success
62=
Strong
competitio
n and
success
Uncertain
ty
Avoidanc
e
51= Medium
level of
tolerance of
society
regarding
ambiguity
and
uncertainty
30= lower
level of
tolerance
of society
for
uncertaint
y and
ambiguity
40=
Take
patient
for
toleran
ce and
uncert
ain
risks
92=
strong
level of
tolerance
and well-
prepared
for unseen
risks
35=
Cannot
avoid
uncertaint
y and
experience
risks
46= needs
to be more
tolerant
regarding
new
opinions

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Long
Term
Orientati
on
21= Follows
short-term
orientation
showing
respect for
traditions and
do not think
about future.
Hence, less
savings of
citizens for
future
87= the
country
represents
practical
society
focusing
on future
and accept
changes in
traditions.
It also
focuses
higher
amount of
savings
and
investment
51=
Follow
changi
ng
traditi
ons
throug
h
accepti
ng
future
while
respect
the old
traditi
on as
well
88= long-
term
orientatio
n with
changes in
tradition
an higher
savings
51=
adopts
changes in
tradition
and also
respects
the old on
and saves
for future
26=
Shows
respect for
traditions
and does
not want
to adopt
any
changes
Indulgenc
e
71= give
importance
on activities
related to
leisure
24= Give
less
importanc
e on
leisure
26=
Give
less
import
ance
on
leisure
related
activiti
es
42= give
importanc
e on
activities
related
with
leisure
69= Give
importanc
e on
leisure
activities
strongly
68= Give
importanc
e on
leisure
activities
Religion(
s)
Protestant
(23.1%);
Roman
Catholic
(22.6%);
Other
Christian
(4.2%);
Muslim
(2.6%); and
Buddhist
(2.4%) and
so on
Buddhist
(18.2%),
Christian
(5.1%),
Muslim
(1.8%),
folk
religion
(21.9%)
Hindui
sm
(79.8
%),
Islam
(14.2
%),
Christi
anity
(2.3%)
,
Sikhis
m
(1.7%)
,
Buddh
ism,
Jainis
m and
Shintoism
(79.2%),
Buddhism
(66.8%),
Christianit
y (1.5%)
and others
(7.1%)
Christianit
y (59.5%),
Islam
(4.4%),
Hinduism
(1.3%),
Sikhism,
Judaism
and
Buddhism
Christianit
y,
Judaism,
Islam,
Buddhism,
Hinduism
and others

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others
Educatio
n
1.Citizens
have right to
get better
education
2.Number of
students in
tertiary
education is
developing
1.
Mandator
y
education
for 9
years;
2. very
small
percentage
of total
population
attends
college
due to
strong
competitio
n within
admission
process
1. The
govern
ment
takes
variou
s
actions
to
reduce
illitera
cy
rates
among
citizen
2. girls
receiv
e less
opport
unity
compa
re to
boys
for
going
to
school
1.
Compulso
ry
education
for
children,
aged 6
years and
above
2.
Elementar
y school,
middle
school and
high
school
3.
Graduate
students
are
awarded
for an
advanced
education
1.
Compulso
ry
education
for
children
age
between 5
years and
16 years
2. Offered
higher
studies
with well-
known
universitie
s
1.
Education
system
follows
elementar
y school,
middle
school and
high
school
2.
Students
receive
opportunit
y to study
at tertiary
education
level
Languag
e(s)
1. Official
language is
Australian
English,
which almost
76.8%
people of
total
population
speak
2. Other
languages are
Irish (7.5%);
Scottish
(6.4%); and
Italian
(3.3%); and
so on
Standard
Mandarin,
Cantonese
, Hong
Kong
English
and
Portugues
e
Hindi,
Assam
ese,
Marat
hi,
Bengal
i,
Nepali
,
Punjab
i,
Tamil,
Urdu,
Telegu
,
Sindhi
,
Santali
,
Japanese,
English,
German,
Russian,
French
and so on
English,
French,
Spanish
and other
Asian
languages
English,
Spanish,
Indo-
European
languages
and Asia-
Pacific
language

9MGT340
Kashm
iri,
Englis
h and
so on

10MGT340
Part 3 – Political & Legal Systems
Australia China India Japan U.K U.S.A
Right to
Vote
Person aged
above 18 years
and lives in
present address
for at least 1
month can
vote for both
Federal and
State elections
Person
aged
above 18
years
Person aged
above 18
years
Person aged
above 18
years living
minimum 3
months in
current
resident
Above 18
years
Above
18 years
Frequen
cy of
elections
1. On the
recommendati
on of the prime
minister, the
monarch
appoints
Governor
general
2. Based on
Australian
constitution,
elections of the
House of
Representative
s holds at
every 3 years
1. The
national
People’s
Congress
indirectly
elect
President
and vice-
president
for 5-year
term
2. The
president
of this
country is
the chief
of the state
1.The
president of
this country
serves for 5-
year term
2. Elected
members
represent
both
parliament
house and
state
legislatures
1. Election in
House of
Councilors is
conducted for
3-year;
2. House of
Representativ
e serve for 4-
year terms;
and
3. local
elections is
conducted for
every 4 years
5 year terms President
ial
election
every 4
years
after
Political
Structur
e
1.
Parliamentary
democracy can
be seen in
Federal
parliament
under a
constitutional
monarchy
2. A
Commonwealt
h monarchy
3. Two major
1.
Communis
t party, led
by the
Chinese
Communis
t Party
(CCP)
2. The
CCP has
control on
eight other
small
1. Federal
parliamentar
y republic
2. Largest
democracy
Parliamentary
Constitutional
monarchy
Parliamentar
y
Constitutiona
l Monarchy
1.Constit
utional
political
republic
2. Two
leading
political
parties,
which
are the
Democra
ts and
Republic

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political
parties are
Australian
Labor Party
and Country
Liberal Party
registered
parties
Legal
System
Common law
system
depended on
English model
Civil law
based on
continental
Europe
and Soviet
Common law
system
depended on
English
model
Civil law
system
depended on
German
model
Common law
system
Common
law
system
depended
on
English
law
Relations
hip
between
the
Legislatu
re and
Judiciar
y
Political
system of this
country is
divided into 3
different Parts,
which are:
1. The
legislature
makes the law;
2. Executive
implements
law into
action; and 3.
judiciary infers
the laws
through
pronouncing
judgment
2. The
legislative
includes
the
National
People’s
Congress
(NPC)
where
people
exercise
state
power,
who take
responsibil
ity for all
administra
tive,
prosecutor
ial,
judicial
and
military
agency
3.
Judiciary
branch
includes
Supreme
People’s
Court,
people’s
1. Executive:
this includes
the President,
Vice
President and
cabinet
ministers,
who pass the
law
constructed
by the
parliament
2.
Legislature:
It consists
with two
houses,
which are,
Lok Sabha
and Rajya
Sobha and
they make
laws
3. Judiciary:
It includes
the Supreme
Court, which
solves any
public related
issues and
conflict
between
1. Parliament,
often known
as the Diet in
China,
includes the
House of
Representativ
es and the
House of
Councilors
2. Local and
national
constituencies
elect members
in the Upper
House
3. Members of
lower house
have more
power
compare to
the Upper
House
3. The
Judicial power
of this country
moves from
supreme court
to lower
courts
4. The house
of
The
legislature
constructs
the law and
judiciary
infers
2. The
legislatur
e,
including
elected
members
of the
upper
and
lower
houses of
congress
construct
s the law;
and 3.
judiciary
infers
and
apply
laws and
this
includes
the
Supreme
Court
along
with the
U.S
Court of
Appeals

12MGT340
court and
others.
executive
and
legislature
representative
s express the
legislative
power

13MGT340
References and Bibliography:
China. (2018). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 30 July 2018, from
http://dfat.gov.au/geo/china/Pages/china.aspx
Compare countries - Hofstede Insights. (2018). Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 30 July 2018, from
https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/
India. (2018). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 30 July 2018, from
http://dfat.gov.au/geo/india/Pages/india.aspx
Japan. (2018). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 30 July 2018, from
http://dfat.gov.au/geo/japan/Pages/japan.aspx
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. (2018). Cia.gov. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
United Kingdom. (2018). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 30 July 2018,
from http://dfat.gov.au/geo/united-kingdom/Pages/united-kingdom.aspx

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United States of America. (2018). Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 30 July
2018, from http://dfat.gov.au/geo/united-states-of-america/Pages/united-states-of-
america.aspx