Horizontal Inequality and Weak States

Running head: ANALYTICAL ESSAY
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
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Author Note

1
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
HORIZONTAL INEQUALITY
Horizontal inequality refers to the socio economic and political inequality that arises
not because of the difference in one`s abilities or qualities such as intelligence, attractiveness
or skill in term of human being or in terms of profitability in terms of business organizations.
(Stewart, 2016).
Vertical inequality refers to the inequality that mainly exist in terms of income
distribution, which is then amount of money that people are paid and the wealth distribution
which is the amount of money that is owned by a person within a family or the society.
Vertical inequality mainly deals with inequality over a wide range of individuals or
households, which are of different economic status. Whereas Horizontal inequality mainly
involves group of individuals or a households who are at the same economic level but are
discriminated or differentiated due to various socio cultural factors (Cederman, Weidmann, &
Bormann, 2015).
Mainly there are three causes of the various Horizontal discriminations. Those are
discrimination and unequal right and access over various public goods and the different socio
economic and political resources on which every citizen of the country has equal rights
(Langer & Stewart, 2013).
Horizontal inequality can have a negative effect on the overall mental health due to all
the discrimination based on caste creed and religion. Horizontal inequality on the basis of
socio cultural factors helps in aggravating the sense of deprivation and discrimination as a
whole. “They may react together, in the form of protests or riots over their collective
situation” (Langer & Stewart, 2013).

2
ANALYTICAL ESSAY
The recent increase in the “right-wing populist politics” in both developed as wells in
developing countries and economies can be better understood due to Horizontal
discrimination. People with “anti-elitist sentiments” which is opposition to the “perceived
Establishment” comes together and speak to the "common people" about the injustice and
discrimination on the basis of various socio and cultural factors. (Langer & Stewart, 2013).
The success of the “right-wing populist politics” is mainly due to with the fact of
“globalization crisis of the various neo liberal capitalistic shareholders in addition to its
various harmful impact especially on the overall work force in terms of wage rate and job
qualification. Due to Neoliberal capitalism and globalization, millions of people from the
lower middle class group to the elite rich class of people have lost their jobs or are on the
verge of losing them. The lower middle class group are also struck with the fear of not only
losing their economic power and existence but also their traditional social role and socio
cultural identity and individuality due to the Neoliberal capitalism and globalization. In such
a situation of doldrums, majority of the people from the lower middle class group who do not
feel connected or represented by the various political policies and the programmes of left and
moderate right political parties. They tend to be drawn towards or they began to follow the
more radical political leader and their parties who promise more simple solution to the
various difficult and complex solution. The growing of the “right-wing populist politics” is
followed by the changing of the former authoritarian communist systems. They tend to follow
more radical political parties and their leaders, who are promising simple solutions to
complex problems. Growing right-wing populism has also accompanied the period of
“transformation” of the former authoritarian communist systems. They were able to change
the whole attitude of the lower middle class group towards the minorities, the immigrants and
the elites with the creation of a sense of hostility. There was a lot of appeal from the elite
sections of the society in order to re distribute the wealth and the privatization of the various