Analyzing International Political Aspects of South Asian Countries

This article delves into the international political aspects of selected South Asian countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and India. It explores power principles, food crisis management, sustainable growth, and technological contributions. The analysis highlights the unique position of these countries in trade and commerce, emphasizing their efforts towards self-sufficiency and sustainable development.

Executive Summary
This article is focused in choosing selected South Asian countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
and India and to analyse various international political aspects like power principle, combating
the food crisis, managing sustainable growth and development and contributing in technological
growth of the world. These aspects are discussed in detail and critical suggestions are stated as
and when required. It is noted that the countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India is holding
a unique position in trade and commerce due to the heightened securities among the South Asian
countries. These governments takes more effort and offer greates support in making the country
to be self sufficient with food and other resources and look for ways which assist in self
sustainable growth and development.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Global security structure.............................................................................................................................2
International knowledge structure..............................................................................................................4
World food crisis.........................................................................................................................................5
International political economy...................................................................................................................6
Conclusion and Recommendations.............................................................................................................7
References...................................................................................................................................................7

Introduction
The main purpose of the assignment is to understand and apprehend in detail the political and
economic aspect of select South Asian countries. This work focuses on understanding the overall
security structure and the power politics of the chosen countries. The impact of technological
innovation in increasing the key knowledge of the people in such countries, analysis made in
analysing the world food crisis and its impact on Asian countries, identifying the key solutions to
the hunger problems. The assignment also enables in focusing on the current political scenario,
state the economic analysis and social factor contributing to the ecological reform of the each
country. The key solutions which the government of each country is proposing were to provide a
clear and concise effort in creating economic growth and sustainability. The countries which are
chosen for this assignmen is study India, Srilanka and Bangladesh. (Thomas, 2012)
Global security structure
It is commonly stated that the power is created through the application of forces which provides
utmost security to all the individuals in the country with the economic well being and to protect
them always. The multilayered security structure is divided into three aspects like: top layer
(offered by the developed nations), second layer (made of international organisations like
UNESCO, NATO etc. With respect to the chosen countries like Srilanka, Bangladesh and India
it is noted that they are in the top layer. The federal government (central government) is the key
in offering security to all the individuals. They tend to protect the borders and help the
individuals to be protected by offering security services at the borders. Also, the state
governments also offer the safety and security to the individuals and they are mainly controlled
by the state government with the assistance from the federal government from time to time. This
shows that the state governments offer internal security and the federal government protects the
entire nations from external threat and terrorism. One of the key issues facing these nations is the
threat of terrorism which is high in these areas, the destruction of internal terrorism in Srilanka
has paved the way for economic growth and prosperity in the country. This is evident in the
increased foreign direct investment and the revenue from the tourism department.

The above trend shows a clear increase in the FDI investment in the country, this is mainly due
to the decrease in the internal threats from various forces and the stability of the government in
the country. Similarly, other countries like Bangladesh and India also witnessed an increase in
the inflow of funds and economic development. The countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and
India is holding a unique position in trade and commerce due to the heightened securities among
the South Asian countries. The following chart shows the expenditure towards security in south
asian countries.
This shows that the countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India spends more than 10% of
their budgets in protecting the nation and also offers security of the individuals in the country.
Most of these countries were under the colonial rule under the British, but after independence
they tend to evolve in a much better way due to the growth in economic and cultural well being.
With the implementation of gloablisation and the growing population, these countries attracted
the eyes of developed nations. The availability of agricultural and natural resources attracted
many nations and they tend to have an strong agreement. These countries were in the third layer
of the of the security structure in the beginning of 1900, but due to the strong government

policies and enhanced expenditure on the security aspects enables the company to move to the
second layer. (Samuelson, 2011)
When compared with other countries Sri Lanka, China, Bangladesh and India has progressed
well in the South Asian countries due to the friendly economic policies and political tieups. Also,
the security measures take by these countries assisted in increasing the favourable business
climate and income through various avenues. These countries command more power and strong
foothold in the region, the developed nations look into Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India as their
hub to get connected through the other Asian countries.
International knowledge structure
The concept of knowledge structure is considered as the set relationship which offers the access
to the abundant knowledge & technology available around the world. It tends to state the various
methods, practices, tie-ups and ventures which state the government who owns them and the
application of such knowledge for economic growth and development.
The effects of technology impacts the country and its economic development, the various aspects
influencing the technological innovation in the country were:
The impact of product innovation, which focuses in creating new and better products, these
Asian countries are providing the landscape and labour for many companies to manufacture new
and innovative components in the country
The process innovation is dedicated in creating the efficient products and services at lower cost
production techniques. It is noted that the major cost involved in the production of the products
is dependent on the amount of labour, the Asian countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India
offer low cost high advantage labour cost to the companies, this enables them to start their
manufacturing units in these nations and the friendly policies also helps to increase their
investments in the country. All the stated countries is stronger in the process innovation aspect as
they can tend to support the companies and individuals in offering low cost advantage through
intensive labour force, low rental, abundant natural resources and positive political environment.
The next aspect to focus is on the rapid technology, which is mainly influenced by three key
factors: product life cycle, nature of technology and competitive advantage.
The product life cycle is mainly illustrated to state how the changes in the innovation and
technology lead to globalisation of the product and services. Countries like Bangladesh and India
has assisted many companies to create such innovation due to the support of the labours, who
possess strong knowlegde on the technology, apply low cost methods in creating the products
and market them to other countries. For example, Hyundai holds a large automobile
manufacturing plant in India which produces nearly 2,00,000 cars per day. This is due to low
cost advantage, these are mainly used for exporting to other countries in Europe and Middle

East. This shows that the country is having rapid technology which ables them to build the
products at faster pace and market it to other countries for a significant profits. (Allen, 2012)
The nature of Schumpeterian Industries is weak as the chosen countries are not focusin in
creating products or services which is high tech in nature. Many innovative products are created
with the joint venture with other developed nations. For example, Maxis communications of
Bangladesh has a tie up with leading telecom service providers like Vodafone etc. for technology
and other ancillary services, this is noted from a leading automobile company Honda
Bangladesh, the company gets the technology know-how from the parent company, Honda Japan
and then uses these in producing the cars in the country and marketing the products in the
country.
Creating competitive advantage is one of the unique aspect which each country tries in attemting
to create something unique as compared with others. Malayisa, Sri Lanka and India has taken
significant steps in creating high value products which creates substantial income, for example,
India has led the world in creating software services, whereas Sri Lanka focused in producing tea
and other key resources to the world, this is mainly due to the natural resources available in the
country.
World food crisis
Due to increase in the world population and reduction in the cultivable land the entire world is
witnessing a huge food crisis. It is noted that Nigerians nearly spend more than 70% of their
houshold budgets on food, Indonesians spend 50% of the budgets. The more affected nations
were Africa and Asian countries as their earning capacity and availability of food products are
highly limited. In a recent report by the World Bank, it is stated that nearly 30 countries are at
greater risk of social unrest mainly due to the increase in the prices of food products. India,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have avoided food crisis in the recent years mainly due to the political
policies of protecting and offering the food products to all the individuals at their fair price
shops. The population of these countries are growing significantly in the recent past, it is noted
that the population of India is nearly 1.3 billion, whereas for Sri Lanka it is 21 million and
Bangladesh population were 163 million. So, feeding such huge population is a difficult task and
each government is taking drastic steps in ensuring that food is avaiable to all at affordable price
The government of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are taking drastisc steps to reduce the food
scarcity in the region. The first step which they focused is to increase in the cultivable lands in
their region, this is to ensure that the farmers produce more food products which will help them
to be self sufficient. Also, the government of India has taken progressive steps in offering
interest free loans to farmers which helps them to buy the essentials like seeds, equipments and
other resources for cultivation. This tend to ensure that the produce is of good quality and is high
in volume, in order to get connected with various buyers and sellers in the country and also in

neighbouring nations, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh has invested in creating integrated supply chain
for exporting and importing the essential agriculture products among them. (Curtin, 2015)
All the government in the South Asian countries has framed a separate ministry called
“Agriculture Ministry” which focuses in offering guidance and training to the farmers in
implementing best land management practices, ensure the ecological is sustained during the
production and harvesting of food products, taking steps to preserve and conserve water
resources. Special training and practice methods are also taught which helps the farmers and
others to preserve the soil and help strengthen the biodiversity in the area. The government is
also spending on other areas which helps the agriculture to sustain and conserve the natural
resources which is suitable for farming. Other fiscal measures like tax free income on agriculture
products to the farmers, common tax like GST etc. assist the consumers and the producers to
have common rates across the states.
International political economy
Social factors: the population is an important source of growth, but an important source of
environmental damage when it exceeds the limits of support systems. Unless the link between
the growing population and the life support system can stabilize, it is unlikely that innovative
development programs will achieve the desired results. Poverty is the cause and effect of
environmental degradation. The cyclical relationship between poverty and the environment is a
very complex phenomenon. Inequality can promote sustainability because poor people who
come from natural resources rather than wealthy people are more likely to benefit from natural
resources because they do not have real opportunities for other resources. In addition , the
deterioration of the environment can accelerate the process of poverty because the poor depend
directly on natural resources.
Economic factors: Transport activities have many environmental impacts such as air pollution,
traffic noise and oil spillage from shipping. The transport infrastructure in India has expanded
sharply in networks and services. For example, road transport is an important part of air pollution
in cities like Delhi. Port and port projects mainly affect fragile coastal ecosystems. Its structure
has a different influence on hydrology, surface water quality, fishing , coral reefs and mangroves.
The proliferation of the Green Revolution was accompanied by excessive utilization of water and
soil resources, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides increased. Moving plants are also an
important cause of soil degradation. Leakage due to intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers is
an important source of waterborne contamination. Intensive agriculture and irrigation contribute
to soil degradation, especially salinization, alkaline and water utilization. (Alexander., 2008)
Political factors: Habitat fragmentation has long-term environmental impact, some of which may
destroy the entire ecosystem. The ecosystem is a separate entity and contains living and non-

living elements. Plants and animals are obvious members, but contain other elements where they
are measured, such as currents, lakes and fields. Ecosystems are fragmented if growth breaks
fixed land. Examples of these roads can be cut through forests or even roads through meadows.
While this does not seem so bad on the surface, it has serious consequences.
Economic sustainability
The main pillars for sustainable development are: Economic development and Social
development
The results of the 2005 UN Summit make the aforementioned pillars dependent and synergistic
pillars for sustainable development. The various international forums, such as the United Nations
Permanent Forum, discuss local issues and the transformation of biodiversity, the main pillars of
sustainable development, the fourth pillar of sustainable development and cultural development.
In addition, the general declaration of cultural diversity developed the idea that cultural diversity
is crucial to humanity, as biodiversity is for nature. It is basically one of the developmental roots,
which is not only a means of economic growth but also a way to achieve a more satisfactory
mental, emotional, moral and spiritual existence. The Universal Declaration on Cultural
Diversity states that cultural diversity is the fourth area of action for sustainable development.
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the overall analysis of the countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India have focused
more in creating a new power house in the South Asian coordior, this is mainly supported based
on the globalisation, availability of essential resources, cheap labour and major markets. Once
the population of these countries were seen as a threat to the economy, but now this is considered
as the unique advantage as the working population is high and they can contribute effectively for
the growth and development of the same. The government is also investing more amount of
money in securing the food and other resources for its citizens and as discussed they are
concentrating on offering guidance and training to the farmers in implementing best land
management practices, ensure the ecological is sustained during the production and harvesting of
food products, taking steps to preserve and conserve water resources. Special training and
practice methods are also taught which helps the farmers and others to preserve the soil and help
strengthen the biodiversity in the area. When compared with other countries Sri Lanka, China,
Bangladesh and India has progressed well in the South Asian countries due to the friendly
economic policies and political tieups. Also, the security measures take by these countries
assisted in increasing the favourable business climate and income through various avenues.
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