NURSINGNOTES: Below,youshouldsummarisethepointsfromthevideoandprovidesomeadditionalinformationontheclient’s history,andsomenotesaboutyourassessment,andanadmissionplan(Signoffwithname,signatureand delegationattheendofthenotes). Newclient,MrGeorgeMcFarlaneadmittedtowardat1000. History:George is a man who is 53 years old and is suffering from type 2 diabetes andosteoarthritisinhisLeftknee. He is also a smoker who smokes around 30 cigarettes each day. His weight is 118 kg and takes blood glucose level daily. He visits to doctor for consultation in every 6 months and he is allergic to penicillin. Assessment:(Providesomepointsaboutwhatwasdiscoveredduringthehealthassessmentanddiscussion. Some arefilledoutalready.) Currentsmoker Observations,asrecordedinadmissionobservationsabove.The body temperature of the patient is normal, heart rate is high, respiratory rate is high, blood pressure is high, oxygen saturation level is normal, the patient is overweight as his body mass index is high. Diabetic ReportedtotheRN. Notmanagingdietplan AdmissionPlan:(Providesomepointsabouttheactionsyourecommendtakingfromthispoint.Somearefilledout already.) Intervention Provideregularanalgesiaascharted ExtraCare ArrangeforthedoctortoreviewMrMcFarlane. Futherinvestigation Name:Signature TASKAssessmentCriteria Question2Thenursehas takenMr.McFarlane’sbloodpressureanditis 170/90mmHg. In50 words,list the parametersfornormalbloodpressureandtherangeforhypertension. Includeinyouranswer whetherMr.McFarlane’sbloodpressureis withinnormalrange. Response:Blood pressure is measured in millimeters and given in two figures, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. The ideal blood pressure is between 90/60 millimeter of mercury and 120/80mmHg, low BP is considered as 90/ 60mmHg or lower and 140/ 90mmHg or higher is considered as high blood pressure. The blood pressure of Mr. When the range ofsystolicBPreaches between 130 and 139 milligram of mercury or if diastolic BPreaches between 80 and 89 mm Hg then it is considered as hypertension. The blood pressure of McFarlane reaches to170/90mmHg, which is not a normal range and considered as the condition of hypertension.
TASKAssessmentCriteria Question3As anEnrolledNurse(EN),explainin20 wordswhoyoushouldreportyourfindings toandwhy,if aclient’s measurements aredisplayingunusuallevels,oryouareconcernedabout theresultsyou havereceived? Response:As an enrolled nurse, I should report to registered nurse about the findings as the admission observations are displaying unusual levels which are risky for the patient as the patient was already suffering from type 2 diabetes and the unusual level may create further issues to the life of patient. TASKAssessmentCriteria Question4In50-75 words,identifyyourscopeofpracticeas anENinthis situation,andlistyourroles and responsibilitiescomparedtothatofaRegisteredNurse(RN). Response:In this situation, my responsibility is to provide direct or indirectnursingcare to patient and function under the supervision ofRegistered Nurseand conduct holistic assessment of patient. As compered to registered nurse, my roles and responsibilities are mentioned below: Enrolled nurse work under supervision of registered nurse. On the other hand, registered nurse works under doctor. Enrolled nurse perform holistic assessment involving physical examination, observation and measurements like taking temperature, blood pressure, pulse, blood sugar levels, respiration etc. of client. On the other hand, the registered nurse undertakes comprehensive patient assessment. Enrolled nurse help with general first aid whereas registered nurse works as a patient’s advocate.
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TASKAssessmentCriteria Question5Mr.McFarlane'sotherobservations arenotedbelow. In30 words,indicatethenormalrangesfor temperature,pulseandrespirations andstatewhetherMr.McFarlane’sobservations arewithin normalrange. Currentobservations: Respirations at 26breathsperminute. Temperature37C Pulse110beatsperminute(bpm). SpO2 97%onroom air. Response:The normal range for: Respiration rate:12 to 20 breaths per minute Temperature:98.6°F (37°C) Pulse:60 to 100 beats per minute SpO2 on room air:94% to 99% and 90% or above for the patients who have mild respiratory diseases. The observations ofMr.McFarlane’s are not within the normal range. His oxygen saturation and temperature level is normal, but the pulse rate and respiratory rate are high. TASKAssessmentCriteria Question6Mr.McFarlanehasprovidedaurinesample. Theurinesampleisclear. Whenattendinga urinalysis,younotethesgis 1005 andtheph.is 6 ketones+andglucose++.In20-30 words, identifytheabnormalresults andspecifywhatconditionMr.McFarlane'sabnormalresults may relateto. Response: Specific gravity: 1005 which is the normal range as it must be between 1005-1030. pH value: 6 ketones+ which is normal. Glucose++ level means the glucose level in urine is high which indicates that the patient has high glucose level. This may create the issues associated with Glucosuria.
TASKAssessmentCriteria Question7Mr.McFarlanehas a significantmedicalandsocialhistory.Namethree(3)factors(actualor potential) thatcouldhavecontributedtohis medicalissues. Response:The 3 factors which could have contributed toMr. McFarlane’s medical issues are: 1.Sedentarylifestyle 2. Overweight 3. Stress TASKAssessmentCriteria Question8Namethree(3)healthcareprofessionalsfoundinahospitalsettingthatyoumightbeableto referMr.McFarlanetoforassistancewithhishealthvariations.Foreachprofessional,in20 words,statetheirroleandhowtheycouldcontributetoMr.McFarlanewellness. Response:I might refer Mr. McFarlane to 3 health care professionals for assistance with his variations in health. These includes: 1.Endocrinologists:They are specialist in treating diabetes and they help Mr. McFarlane by addressing each aspect of diabetes and contribute in his wellness by providing him with appropriate medication and treatment to manage and control diabetes. 2.General practitioner:A general practitioner emphasizes on overall health of patient and provide Mr. McFarlane with the referrals to other health care professionals according to his condition and contribute in his wellness. 3.Psychologist:A psychologist helpsMr. McFarlane inlearning the way to manage stress in a proper way which ultimately help in managing diabetes.
TASKAssessmentCriteria Question9 Below arethehealthconditionsMr.McFarlanehas.Foreachcondition,namethebodysystem, whichrelates toitandspecifywhat that systemisresponsiblefordoing. Forexample,kidneystonesrelatetothe Urinarysystem,whicheliminateswaste fromthebody, regulatesbloodvolumeandbloodpressure,controls levelsof electrolytesandmetabolites,and regulatesbloodpH. Highbloodpressure Type2diabetes Obesity Shortnessofbreathonexertion Osteoarthritisleft knee Response: Highbloodpressure:It relates to circulatory system, which circulate blood in the bodyviaheart,arteriesandveinsand deliveroxygenas well as nutrients to cells and organs and carry their waste products away. Type2diabetes:It relates toEndocrine system which impacts the body functioning using hormones. It secretes hormones that controls moods, metabolism, growth and development, control release of hormone and send those into bloodstream. Obesity:It is also related to endocrine system whose function is to regulate metabolism, growth and development. Shortnessofbreathonexertion:It relates to Respiratory system which brings air in and out oflungsto removecarbon dioxideand absorboxygen. Osteoarthritisleft knee:It relates to skeletal system which helps in protecting, supporting, movement of bones, storage of minerals, production of blood cells and endocrine regulation. TASKAssessmentCriteria Question10In100 words,discuss thepathophysiologyofType2Diabetesinrelationtothepathophysiologyof thesysteminvolved. Inyourresponse,specifythebodysystemaffectedandwhathashappened tothecells tocausethiscondition. Response:Type 2 diabetes is a kind of heterogeneous disorder with distinct prevalence among distinct ethnic groups. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is referred by the peripheral insulin resistance, declining beta cell function, impaired regulation of production of hepatic glucose and eventually leading to beta cells failure. Beta cell dysfunction is an impairment in the initial phase of secretion of insulin during stimulation of glucose and may antedate onset of intolerance of glucose in type 2 diabetes. In this, the insulin is not secreted properly due to autoimmune destruction of beta cell and deficiency of glucokinase gene. The endocrine system of the body is affected and the pancreas are not able to secrete insulin in body.
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TASKAssessmentCriteria Question11Mr.MacFarlanehasbeentakingregularoralpainmedicationforsometime(tabletsforthe osteoarthritisinhisleft knee).WithregardtoMr.McFarlane’s situationandthewayhetakes this medication,specifyafactorthat might affect therapeuticlevels,andexplainin100 words whythis mighthappen. Inyourresponse,considerbasicpharmacology,contraindications and pharmacokinetics. Response:The side effect of medications, dosing frequency, cost of medication, routes of administration, comorbidities, treatment complexity etc. Are the factors that might influence therapeutic levels. For managing the pain, wide range of medicines are used to main manage pain. Most of the drugs act through binding to protein targets and affect the biochemical process of body. TASKAssessmentCriteria Question12Mr.McFarlane’s wifeYuYanisoriginallyfromChina. IfMr.McFarlaneweretobecome unresponsiveyouwouldneedtocommunicatewithher. In75words,explaina strategyyoucould usewhentalkingtoMrs.McFarlanethat woulddemonstrateappropriateculturalrespect and understandingduringyourinteraction. Response:In this situation when Mr. McFarlane were to become unresponsive, the strategy that I can use to interact or communicate with Mrs. McFarlane is that I will make use of simple words at the time of interacting with her. Apart from this I will speak slowly so that she can understand what I want to say. I also make use of body language, hand gestures to provide context to my speech which make her able to understand my language. By being aware of cultural differences and preferences, I am able to interact with properly by the help of ESL speakers.
TASKAssessmentCriteria Question13Mr.McFarlane,hasbeenreviewedbytheDr. andanumberofotherrelevanthealthprofessionals. Mr.McFarlanehas alldischargeplanningandreferralscompletepriortodischarge. TheHospital Dr. has advisedMr.McFarlanetofollowupwithhis GPinoneweek.Now,MrMcFarlaneneeds to bedischargedfromcare,andtheappropriaterecordsneedtobekept.Completethefollowing dischargesummarybyindicatingwhichoptioniscorrectinthespacesprovided. Ineachboxbelow,select thecorrectoption. Dischargeplanningneeds: clickhere... Livingarrangements: clickhere... Dischargetransport arrangementsrequired: clickhere... Doesthepatienthave anyconcernsrelated todischarge? clickhere... Doesthepatientrequire anyservicesforshowering, wounddressings, medication managementetc? No Doesthepatientalready havecommunityservices? clickhere... Doesthepatientrequirea medicalcertificate? clickhere... Wasdischarge informationprovided andrecordedin progressnotes? yes Shouldfollowup appointmentsmadeand giventotheclient? Yes Shouldpatienthaveown medications,x-raysand valuablesreturned? Yes Shouldinvasivedevicesbe removed? clickhere... Shouldamedical dischargesummarybe completedandgiven toclient? Yes TASKAssessmentCriteria Question14Belowis a tablelistingarangeofcommondiseases,disorders andtheirsymptoms.Usingthelist ofbodysystemsbelow,specifywhichbodysystemrelates toeachassociateddiseaseordisorder andits symptoms.Also,foreachbodysystem,writea sentenceaboutitsfunctionandthe interactionsithas. Lymphaticsystem Endocrinesystem Musculoskeletalsystem Respiratorysystem Integumentarysystem Urinarysystem Digestivesystem Reproductivesystem Cells,tissues,organs Specialsenses Cardiovascularsystem Immunesystem Nervous system CommonDiseaseBodySystemBodySystemFunctionBodySystemInteractions Splenomegaly: Enlargementof the Spleen,usually asaresult of infection,diseaseor malignancy. lymphatic systemMaintaining body fluid levels, removing cellular waste, absorbing digestive tract fats. cardiovascularsystem, circulatorysystems Diabetes mellitus:The completeabsence, deficiencyofor resistance tothehormoneinsulin. It canmanifest as hyperglycaemia (high bloodglucose). Endocrinesyssecretes hormones that controls moods, metabolism, growth and development, control release of hormone and send those into bloodstream muscular systems, digestive system
CommonDiseaseBodySystemBodySystemFunctionBodySystemInteractions Osteomyelitis:An infectionusually following surgeryoropenfractures, causingfever,painand purulentdischarge. Musculoskeletal system protecting, supporting, movement of bones, storage of minerals, endocrine regulation. Muscular system and digestive system Emphysema: Usually developsfromprogressive destructionofelastic tissuearoundthealveoli, causinganinability to recoil.Symptomsinclude barrelchest andshortness ofbreath. Respiratorysystembrings air in and out oflungsto removecarbon dioxideand absorboxygen Circulatory system Basalcellcarcinoma:The most likely tooccuronsun exposedsites,usually appearingasashiny noduleandlaterbreaks downtobecomeanulcer withirregularedges. Integumentary systemThermoregulation, excretion, barrier function, sensation and chemical synthesis. endocrine system RenalCalculi:Stonesof oxalateandphosphate foundinthekidney.These causeinfectionsand back/abdominalpain. UrinarysystemBalance the body's fluids, Release hormones to control BP, Remove waste products Endocrinesystem Jaundice:Developswhen thereisanabnormalityof bilirubinprocessing. Yellowingof theskinand mucousmembranesisa signof abnormalbilirubin metabolism andexcretion. Digestive systemIngestion of food, absorption of nutrients, secretion of fluids, excretion of waste. circulatory system Benignprostatic enlargement:Occurs whenhyperplasticnodules form aroundtheurethra andmayobstructtheflow ofurine,causingurinary retention. Reproductive systemTo produce hormones, to produce sperm cells and egg cells Immune system Neoplasms/Tumours: Rapidlygrowingmassesof tissuethatcontinueto growafter theinitial stimulushasceased. Cells,tissues,organsIntegrates different parts of body, render support, allow body to move. Circulatory system Labyrinthitis: Causedby thedevelopmentof fistula from acholesteatoma. It presentsasvertigo, nauseaandnystagmus. SpecialsensesEnable to feel, touch, taste etc.Nervous system
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CommonDiseaseBodySystemBodySystemFunctionBodySystemInteractions Myocardialinfarction: Unrelenting,severe, crushingchestpainthat continuesatrestand oftenradiatesdownthe left arm,blockagetoa branchof thecoronary artery. Damageis permanent. CardiovascularsystemCirculate oxygen, transport nutrients, maintain fluid balance, maintain body temperature. circulatory system Acquiredimmune deficiencysyndrome (AIDS): Developsfrom the humanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV).Symptoms vary fromdiarrhoea to lymphomadependingon progression. Immune systemProvides immunity to body to protect against diseases respiratory system BacterialMeningitis: Causesinflammationof thesubarachnoidspace, appearingassevere headaches and photophobia. Nervous systemsensory, integration, and motor function Skeletal, muscular and cardiovascular system TASKAssessmentCriteria Question15Withinthebodytherearedifferentlevelsofstructuralorganisationandcomplexity.Completethe followingparagraphabout thestructuralorganisationofthebodybyinsertingthewordsfrom the bankbelowintothecorrectplaces (thewords maybeusedmorethanonce). Skeletal Atoms Molecules Cells Cardiac Tissues Organs Smooth Systems ThewordsingreenareINCORRECT.Clickoneachandselectthecorrect word. Atomscombinetoformmolecules.Therearemanydifferingtypesofcellswithinthebody.Cellsarethe smallestindependentunitoflivingmatterinthebody,thesecanbespecialised.Cellsinthebodywithsimilar functionsarefoundtogetherandformtissues.Organsaremadeupofanumberofdifferenttissuesthathave evolvedtocarryoutaspecificfunction.Therearethreetypesofmuscletissue,whicharesmoothmuscletissue, skeletalmuscletissueandcardiacmuscletissue.Together,cellsandtissuesmakeuptheorganswithinthe body.And,thesesystemsprovidethesurvivalneedsofthebody.
TASKAssessmentCriteria Question16Usethedirectionaltermsinthetabletofillinthemissingwordfrom thesentences. Medial Lateral Distal Inferior Frontview Shoulder Superior,middleandinferior Anteriorly Superior ThewordsingreenareINCORRECT.Clickoneachandselectthecorrect word. Thethyroidglandissituatedsuperiortotheparathyroidgland. Theanteriorviewoftheskullwouldshowthefront vi e woftheskull.Therightlungisdividedintowhichthree(3) distinctlobes.Thesuperior,middle& inferior lobes. Afractureoftheproximalhumerusislocatednearthe shoulder.Thewristisdistaltotheelbow. Theauricleismedialtothecochlear. Anatomically,theheartislocatedanteriortothehumerusboneofthearm. Theheadissuperiortothethorax. Thespleenisinferiortotheheart. References DeFronzo, R.A, and et. al, 2015. Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews Disease primers,1(1), pp.1-22. Tilg, H., Moschen, A.R. and Roden, M., 2017. NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology,14(1), pp.32-42. Nowak, K., Ratajczak–Wrona, W., Górska, M. and Jabłońska, E., 2018. Parabens and their effects on the endocrine system.Molecular and cellular endocrinology,474, pp.238-251. Morgan, D. and Tsai, S.C., 2015. Sleep and the endocrine system.Critical Care Clinics,31(3), pp.403-418. La Perle, K.M.D. and Dintzis, S.M., 2018. Endocrine system. InComparative Anatomy and Histology(pp. 251- 273). Academic Press.