Anatomy and Physiology of Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Overview

Running head: DIABETES
Diabetes
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Author Note

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Part 1: Questions and Answers
Answer 1
Two factors that affects the self of a person with diabetes mellitus include obese or
over-weight body and physically fit people in the vicinity. Due to the obesity body weight a
person suffering from diabetes is suppose to a different diet from others like while others are
enjoy food to their content, a diabetes person is only restricted to salads this create frustration
and low self-esteem causing difficulty in self management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic
people are asked to do physical exercise however, viewing physically fit people and their
high fitness level of gym creates low self-esteem and thereby generating barrier in self
management (Reyes et al. 2017).
Answer 2
Three issues related to the diabetic care delivery are client specific, political and
cultural issues. For example, people from different cultural background (Australian
aboriginals or Torres Strait Islanders), have different dietary habits and spiritual values and
hence the care plan needs to adjusted accordingly (Pottie et al. 2013). Client specific factors
include co-morbidity with other associated disease (high blood pressure or cardiac problems)
and while procuring the care plan the co-morbidities must be taken into consideration.
Political factors like political unrest creates stress at times leads to diabetes and thus care plan
need to be adjusted accordingly (Monk and Buysse 2013).
Answer 3
Environmental factors contributing to diabetes mellitus in the Australian general
population include increase rate of air and noise pollution along with decrease in greenery
and less free space for walkability (Dendup et al. 2018). Social factors contributing to

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diabetes mellitus in the Australian general population include high rate of health inequality,
lack of employment among the aboriginals and associated lifestyle factors like unhealthy diet,
lack of physical exercise and substance abuse (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
2016).
Answer 4
The high rates of diabetes mellitus experience by the Australian aboriginals and
Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) because the ATSI resides under the poor social determinants of
health. Poor social determinants of health like poor individual life style factors, lack of proper
sanitation, unhealthy diet, substance abuse, lack of employment and stress lead to high rate of
occurrence of diabetes mellitus among the ATSI (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
2016).
Answer 5
National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) aims to increase the lifespan of people
living with diabetes in order to understand and promote self-management their condition. An
Australian citizens living with diabetes or non-Australians from another country that shares
health agreements with Australia are able to register under the NDSS. NDSS provide
different diabetes prevention program across different cultural group while increasing
diabetes awareness (NDSS 2017).
Answer 6
Diabetes Australia is a national body that was established in the year 1984 for the
people affected with all types of diabetes and those at high risk of developing diabetes.
Diabetes Australia is committed in reducing the overall impact of diabetes from the
Australian population via providing active leadership, prevention and management. They also
work in close association with the physicians and community members and thereby helping

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to reduce the adverse health impact of diabetes in a comprehensive rate (Diabetes Australia
2017).
Answer 7
Diabetes management via general practitioner (GP) mainly involves proper control
and maintenance of the blood cholesterol level and plasma concentration of HDL, LDL,
triglycerides. GP also takes into account the rate of physical activity, cigarette and alcohol
consumption and blood pressure level (Diabetes Australia 2012).
Answer 8
The role of an endocrinologist is to manage diabetes based on the control and co-
ordination of the endocrine system. They most help in the proper regulation of the insulin
hormone secreted from the pancreatic beta cells (American Diabetes Association 2017).
Answer 9
National Association of Diabetes Centres (NADC) is involved both directly and
indirectly in diabetes care and services. It aim in exploring the mechanisms and subsequent
implementation of the strategies directed towards the improving the standard of care of
diabetic people or people who are at in increased risk of developing diabetes. It also helps to
generates diabetes awareness via providing disease education along with proper support in
primary care and policy development for successful management of the disease (NDAC
2017).
Answer 10
In order to identify the family or carer’s understanding and involvement in a person’s
diabetes care, I would first access his or her level of knowledge in disease management and
disease progress. According to Mendenhall et al. (2012), proper knowledge and disease