Anatomy and Physiology of Obesity: Health and Social Care Practice

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Topic: Obesity
1.Introduction
Physiology is defined as the scientific study of functions and mechanisms which are
there in the living system (Dammhahn and et.al., 2018).
Thus, the report will analyse the anatomy and physiology of obesity and what factors
address to the effects and anatomy of an individual suffering from obesity. Further, it will
also be analysed that what are the health and social care practice in serving the community
and individuals with providing the measures as to how the obesity can be controlled at large
scale. The Better Health Campaign will also be framed and taken into practice by the
government so that the community and individuals are taking care of how effectively and in
appropriate manner the awareness can be created for removing the risk from obesity.
Moreover, recommendations will also be provided which will help in analysing the aspects as
to how the individuals and communities can get rid of obesity health care problem and issue.
2. Anatomy and Physiology
Obesity is defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that presents the risk to
health. Obesity results due to the intake of more calories than burned out by normal daily
activities and exercising patterns.
The anatomy of obesity is described as – The obesity is a health condition which is
determined by the height as described as what is normal body weight for the height. If the
body is overweight or obese, then the body feels the overweight and the stress from the
lifestyle problems and diseases which are occurred due to the obesity problem. When the
energy that is produced from the body is too much for what is being needed for the daily
activities it is being stored and this converts into fat accumulation in the body (Umbrello,
Fumagalli and et.al., 2019). The extra fat is stored within the body at different places such as
muscles, under the skin and liver. With the help of BMI (Body Mass Index) it is easy to
measure that the body is either overweight or obese. The BMI is calculated by taking the
measure of the body weight which is described as – calculation which is taking the weight in
kilograms and dividing it by height squared. BMI gives an indication of the body weight
respective to the height which is being calculated. For example – if the weight is 45 kg and

height is 1.54 m then the BMI is calculated as 60 which is divided by 1.54 x 1.54 which is
25.29. The BMI 18 to 25 is considered as normal, below 18 is underweight, 20 to 30 is
overweight. 30 to 40 obese and over 40 is severely obese.
Further the anatomy also indicates that the weight circumference also helps in indicating
whether the body is obese or not (Angeles and et.al., 2019). There are other more
sophisticated ways of measuring body fat such as Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA), air
displacement and DEXA scans. Further, obesity is related with the other number of diseases
such as high blood pressure, heart diseases, cancer fatty liver, kidney diseases etc. To avoid
obesity, the plant based foods should be intake which are of organic, fresh, high fibre and
nutritious.
Physiology of Obesity – The energy balance is achieved by energy intake and energy
expenditure as the main mechanisms. Calorie is the calorie which is made equal and is
considered as how the changes are being framed at large scale. The early origins of disease
hypothesis suggest that the obesity is developed in offspring to metabolic hardship. The
molecular mechanisms are responsible for early life metabolic programming modification
which is observed in the genes through histone modifications, methylation, chromatin
remodeling, noncoding RNA alterations etc (Muscogiuri and et.al., 2021). There is risk of
obesity which can be transferrable to the future generations. The new study suggests that
there has been a genetic predisposition for obesity for more than 140 genetic chromosomal
regions related to obesity which are linked in the body. The expressions of gene are related to
BMI and general adiposity which is enriched in the central nervous system. There are a few
genes with a large size of BMI that have been identified and are related to the obesity.
3. Health and Lifestyle routine measures
Obesity is such a health condition which increases and accumulates the body fat within
the body and through this, there are arousal of many diseases which are linked to it. It is very
important that proper health and lifestyle measures within the routine should be taken care of
so that there are aspects as to how the obesity can be removed from the body (Xenaki,
Bacopoulou and et.al., 2018). It is also essential to follow certain lifestyle measures and
routine practices which creates value for life and the person does not fall into the category of
being obese. To analyse and to recommend, there are some routine health and lifestyle
measures which are to be taken into consideration at large scale and these are mentioned as
below –