Addressing Drug Abuse and Building Resilience Among Children

The assignment content discusses various issues related to drug abuse and mental health, highlighting the importance of addressing these concerns through education, support systems, and community services. The articles reviewed suggest that there is a need for research on early indicators of poor treatment response among patients with high base rate conditions, as well as exploring the perceptions and understandings of participants in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Additionally, the meta-analytic review suggests that perceived discrimination represents a likeliness to cause damage to psychological well-being. Overall, the articles reviewed emphasize the significance of addressing these concerns through education, support systems, and community services.

Annoated biBLIOGRaphy
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Annotated Bibliography
Source 1: Watling Neal, J. & D. Christens, B. (2014). Linking the Levels: Network and
Relational Perspectives for Community Psychology. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian_Christens/publication/261771586_Linking_the_Leve
ls_Network_and_Relational_Perspectives_for_Community_Psychology/links/
557b03bc08aec87640d9b364.pdf
Summary
The article represents that networks and relationships have great importance for understanding
communities, settings, larger social system, and neighborhoods (Watling Neal, 2014). Generally,
it can be said that relational and network perspectives have an ability to provide empirical and
conceptual links between different levels of analysis. These levels of analysis may reflect a
transactional view which helps them in understanding neighborhood and communities.
Furthermore, it is also defined that important concepts of community psychology such as
empowerment, health promotion, and coalition building can be understood in an effective
manner by employing network and relational perspectives. On the basis of such knowledge, one
can easily draw necessary themes and recommendations for future advancement in the field of
community psychology.
Source 2: M. Boyd, N. (2014). A 10-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE OF ORGANIZATION
STUDIES IN COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY: CONTENT, THEORY, AND IMPACT.
Retrieved from
http://www.scra27.org/files/3314/0000/4621/Boyd_JOCP_March_2014_10_Year_Retrospective
_on_Org_Studies_in_Comm_Psych_1.pdf

Summary
The chosen article defined that organization studies and community psychology are two
complementary fields. It is true somehow because community psychologists have lots of
knowledge regarding community psychology which they can share with individuals related to
that particular field and organization literature at large. Apart of this, a content analysis was also
conducted to understand both the Journal of Community Psychology and American Journal of
Community Psychology from 2001 to 2011 (M. Boyd, 2014). It was performed to determine the
manifestation of organization studies in the literature. This will prove helpful in determining the
perfect coding strategy to measure collected information.
Source 3: Dey, A. & Abowd, G. Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. Smartech.gatech.edu.
Retrieved from https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/3406/99-39.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Summary
The article represents the necessity of smart environment. It concludes that smart environment is
required to provide effective services to occupants
(https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/3406/99-39.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y).
Generally, it can be said that it is necessary for every organization to identify their context and
determine what actions need to take to satisfy the identified context. It can be said that goal of
the smart environment not only supports the activities but also enhance the abilities of occupants
in performing different organizational tasks. Context is defined as information that is required to
utilize a particular situation of an entity. Furthermore, it can be said that the most important
problem faced by every organization is building and executing effective context-aware

applications. If the organization wants to resolve such problem, they can build applications on
the basis of ad-hoc manner.
Source 4: Bush, B., Dauelsberg, L., & Powell, D. (2005). Critical Infrastructure Protection
Decision Support System (CIP/DSS) Project Overview. Retrieved from
http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/2005/proceed/papers/LECLA332.pdf
Summary
The article represents the dynamics of couple separate infrastructure and individual infrastructure
as per their interdependencies
(http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/2005/proceed/papers/LECLA332.pdf) . On the
other hand, it also defines the future and current cyber or physical threat environment. It can be
said that organization requires a comprehensive approach to measuring security risks and detect
available vulnerabilities in its cyber infrastructure. Furthermore, it can be suggested that the
organizations should understand the investment options and consequences of policies before
taking any decision regarding security system environment. This may be helpful in providing
proper infrastructure security by avoiding all available vulnerabilities.
Source 5: Ngesu, L. M., & Njeru, A. N. (2014). Causes and effects of drugs and substance
abuse among secondary school students in Dagoreti division, Nairobi West district.
Summary
The selected article (Ngesu, L. M., & Njeru, A. N., 2014) deals with the drug addiction in the
secondary school students in Dagoretti Division, Nairobi West district-Kenya. According to the
paper, the drug has a different definition of different people. The drug is a substance which alters
the functions of an organism taking it. Drug intake can be considered legal or illegal depending

upon its medical or non-medical use. The substance which affects the person psychologically or
physiologically and contributes risk to the health is known as drug abuse. Drug abuse has been
seen to ruin our youth and their education. The study was conducted in secondary schools in
Dagoretti Division, Nairobi to find out the reason what make students indulge into the drug
abuse. The data was collected, organized and prepared for analysis by entry and coding in the
software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The main reasons for drug addiction
among the adolescents were found to be ranging from the stress of physical change, the
psychological changes, and competitions in school, individualization from family, sexual, social,
vocational identification, power, and independence. Drug abuse leads to poor performance and
aggressive behavior. Other factor starts with the curiosity to try and ends up becoming a graduate
in drug addiction field. The study recommended that the drug abusers should send for guidance,
heavy punishments and most important the counseling sessions to make students and their
environment drug-free. United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) reported over 60%
of students were on drug abuse. In the past two decades, the use or overuse of drugs illegally has
penetrated every part of the globe. The paper concluded by mentioning that the Ministry of
Education should take care of the material and moral support to the students. The drug abuse
information should be integrated into the school curriculum. Student’s behavior should be
checked, managed and supported. Parents and teachers should also be aware and guided to
develop the positive relationship between them (Ngesu, L. M., & Njeru, A. N., 2014).
Source 6: Brown, J. H. (2001). Youth, drugs and resilience education. Journal of Drug
Education, 31(1), 83-122.
Summary Addiction is a complex chronic disease, quitting is more difficult than the strong will
to do so. It is a relapsing disease which means a person may return to its abuse even after a long

interval of leaving it. Resilience must be built in children to say no to drugs which are included
under drug addiction treatments. The parents, teachers, and guardians can follow the necessary
steps to build resilience among the youth to say no to drugs (Brown, J. H., 2001).
Source 7: Dusenbury, L., Brannigan, R., Falco, M., & Hansen, W. B. (2003). A review of
research on fidelity of implementation: implications for drug abuse prevention in school
settings. Health education research, 18(2), 237-256.
Summary
As a guardian when they admit their children into the school they should accept the
responsibility to check if their kids are attending the school daily, they should communicate with
the staff of the school to discuss the behavior of the child. Family members should also tell the
school members about the health issues and other matter of relevance. To cater for social,
emotional and developmental needs of students teachers should also help them in improvising.
They should ensure that the parents are given full access to information related to drug abuse and
related documents. Time to time feedback should be taken, and classroom management strategies
should be developed so as all the students take part in various activities. Students must be given
an award of appreciation in case they do well in particular field. Various support systems and
policy makers should provide services to take a look at changes in the behavior of growing
children and drug abuse. (Dusenbury, L., Brannigan, R., Falco, M., & Hansen, W. B., 2003).
Source 8: Davis, S. J., & Spillman, S. (2011). Reasons for drug abstention: A study of drug
use and resilience. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 43(1), 14-19.
Summary

Appropriate professional guidance must be provided to the staff in order they can deal with the
addicted students well. Elders should involve themselves in their conversations, be honest and
open to their questions. If any of the family members is into this drug abuse, then they must also
take some hard actions to save lives of their young ones along with their own lives.One of the
support systems that can be helpful to the children to build resilience against drug abuse is
D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). The main goal of this program is to inform
students with the skills to live drug and violence free lives (Davis, S. J., & Spillman, S., 2011). It
establishes the positive relation between students and teachers, parents, law enforcement and
community leaders. Lastly, the Ministry of Education must align themselves with National
Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) for streamlining the services that support the children
with behavioral and social issues emanating from drug abuse.
Source 9: Ader, J., Stille, C. J., Keller, D., Miller, B. F., Barr, M. S., & Perrin, J. M. (2015).
The medical home and integrated behavioral health: Advancing the policy
agenda. Pediatrics, 135(5), 909-917.
Summary
The authors and researchers of this article are expressing their views on the need to expand and
improve medical, behavioral, and community models of the mental health system to promote the
well-being of all Americans by delivering them high-quality, accessible and efficient health care.
To promote the integration of primary care and behavioral health, an attempt is made by these
fellow researchers to aid members of the integrated care team to excel behavioral health of
people by developing population-based measures to evaluate integration.
Evaluation and analysis of the article

For assessing the integration of primary care and behavioral health, it is necessary to find out
disease-specific treatments that cure depression treatment in well-defined, specific populations
for older adults. The critique associated with the approach is that although the condition of a
mental health system is better in the community health service, yet it has to go a long step ahead
to become an advanced one. Thus, it is recommended that to eliminate behavioral carve-outs,
attention is needed towards improving the population-level behavioral health of chronic mental
patients, irrespective of age groups with the help of community services.
Source 10: Jolly, J. B., Fluet, N. R., Reis, M. D., Stern, C. H., Thompson, A. W., & Jolly, G.
A. (2016). Review of behavioral health integration in primary care at Baylor Scott and
White Healthcare, Central Region. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center), 29(2),
131.
Summary
The authors and researchers of this article are discussing the advantage and disadvantage of
medical, behavioral, and community models of the mental health system. The delivery of health
care to patients and their families, including financial pressures are forces that require a
transformation in primary healthcare service. To examine the role of management in the
treatment of mental health problems, researchers have conducted a meta-analysis of 33 clinical
trials from 145 articles on the integration of behavioral health and primary care in the treatment
of depression.
Evaluation and analysis of the article
To evaluate the findings of researchers at Baylor Scott & White Central Region, a conclusion is
drawn that several studies conducted on clinicians and caregivers were found to be positive and

their treatment response to chronic mental patients was good in every aspect. It is highly
recommended to caregivers of the community service to deliver effective care management to
mental patients’. The critique associated with the medical, behavioral, and community models of
the mental health system is that although collaborative efforts of clinicians are promising, yet
more expensive. To sum up, there is a need for research to assess and guide program changes in
order to be more clinically and cost-effective.
Source 11: Comer, J. S., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). The occasional case against broad
dissemination and implementation: Retaining a role for specialty care in the delivery of
psychological treatments. American Psychologist, 69(1), 1.
Summary
The authors and researchers of this article are discussing the need to deliver a quality generalist
mental health care workforce to psychologically affected individuals in order to ensure that
highest quality and timely delivery of needed treatments are given to them. Since mental illness
enforces an unsteady and uncontrolled public health burden in the United States, substantial
attention and large financial commitments have been focused in recent years on broad circulation
and execution efforts designed to enhance the quality of psychological services supplied by a
variety of generalist practitioners across practice settings.
Evidence and analysis of the article
In order to evaluate the findings of researchers, a conclusion is drawn from the fact that although
the past several years have spotted enormous advances in recognition of evidence-based
practices (EBPs) in psychological treatments, gaps still persist between treatment in experimental
settings and services available in the community. The article also addresses the fact that as

dissemination and implementation efforts come into a power play, a quality generalist mental
health care workforce approaches to ensure the provision of all sort of vital needs for delivering
specialty care in the psychological treatment. The transformative potential of a specialty
behavioral telehealth care workforce, conducted in collaboration with the generalist practitioner
workforce, ensures the highest quality and timely delivery of needed treatments to
psychologically affected individuals. To sum up, there is an utmost need for conducting research
to screen early indicators of poor treatment response among patients with high base rate
conditions, in order to identify how sooner the treatment needs to be delivered to patients, so that
he/she can make themselves avail of the treatment delivered by mental health care specialist of
the hospitals or clinics.
Source 12: Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research
methods. Sage.
Summary
The authors and researchers of this article are discussing the aim of interpretative
phenomenological analysis (IPA), which involves delivering an in-depth insight to the reader
about the detailed presentation of the stages involved in doing an interpretative
phenomenological analysis. The goals and objectives of the article are to deal with the
perceptions and understandings of participants rather than focusing on their prematurely made
general claims. IPA’s commitment to the exploration of meaning and sense-making links is
somehow closely linked to the original concerns of cognitive psychology in contrast to the
behaviorist paradigm that had thus far dominated the discipline.
Evidence and analysis of the article

In order to evaluate the findings of researchers, a discussion is made on a two-stage
interpretation process, where participants are involved in trying to make sense of their world, and
the researcher is making an attempt to analyze sense of the participants who are trying to figure
out a sense of their world. IPA’s stress on the sense-making procedure, involving both
participants and researchers gives a hint that can be possibly illustrated as perceiving cognition
as a central analytic concern. This portrayal provides an interesting theoretical alliance with the
cognitive paradigm that is highly dominant in contemporary psychology. To sum up, IPA is a
suitable approach when one is trying to find out how individuals are perceiving and based on that
analyzing the particular situations they are facing, and how they are making sense of their
personal and social world. IPA is thus, considered to be especially useful when one is concerned
with complexity, process, or novelty.
Source 13: Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The
consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic
review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921.
Summary
The authors and researchers of this article are discussing a meta-analytic review on the topic
“The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being,” taking into the
account, the established relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological well-
being, and based on that tested a number of moderators of that relationship. A number of
theoretical perspectives took into consideration suggest that perceived discrimination represents
a likeliness to cause damage to psychological well-being. The article continues to say that ill-
treatment and relatively poor life events that result from discrimination, poses big threats to the
psychological well-being of an individual. While conducting the meta-analysis, a thorough

examination is performed, and based on that a correlational study is performed to measure both
perceived discrimination and psychological well-being, which involves factors such as self-
esteem, depression, anxiety, psychological distress, life satisfaction.
Evidence and analysis of the article
In order to evaluate the findings of researchers, a discussion is made based on the experimental
data; collected through studies performed on manipulating perceptions of discrimination and
measuring well-being of an individual. Evidence for reduced well-being state was apparent in
studies that manipulated pervasive perceptions of discrimination against the in-group. The result
shows that the effect of discrimination on well-being was significantly negative for studies that
manipulated general perceptions of discrimination, but effects did not differ when attributions to
discrimination for a specific negative event were compared to personal attributions. Overall,
results support the idea that the pervasiveness of perceived discrimination is fundamental to its
harmful effects on psychological well-being. To sum up, our findings confirm that perceived
discrimination, in general, represents a threat to psychological well-being.