Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention

This assignment delves into the complex issue of juvenile delinquency. It examines how various factors, including mental disorders, peer pressure, and poverty, contribute to criminal behavior in young people. The assignment emphasizes the importance of early intervention programs and community support systems in preventing delinquency. It also highlights the need for a developmental perspective in understanding and addressing juvenile crime.

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Topic: Crime Prevention Research and initiatives at reducing juvenile delinquency and
subsequent adult criminal behavior.
Steinberg, L. D., Cauffman, E., & Monahan, K. (2015). Psychosocial maturity and
desistance from crime in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. US Department of
Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention.
This major purpose of this study is to reduce the level of juvenile delinquency and adult
criminal behavior. This journal provides insights into juvenile justice from the contributors
and editors who have experience in researching. It explains a teaching text for courses in
juvenile justice. It represents the strategies and programs of how to reduce juvenile criminal
behavior. The strength of this article is that it helps the individuals in the process of
researching. It describes the formal policies and procedures regarding the methods of
handling juvenile offenders. The article has also mentioned a list of agencies that are
concerned with the administration of juvenile justice. This journal also provides information
on the policies that will help in reducing juvenile delinquency.
Porter, T. R. (2015). The school-to-prison pipeline: The business side of incarcerating,
not educating, students in public schools. Ark. L. Rev., 68, 55.
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act was passed in the year 1974 and have
strengthened its provisions over the years. It has established federal oversight for the states
and it set up requirements as to how the states should treat the youthful offenders. It meant
keeping children or kids out of the adult prisons and addressing entrenched racial disparities.
The strength of this article is that it will help in reducing juvenile criminals. The system tends
to fail at times because it misses to reauthorize the law. Over the years, the number of police

2ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
officers has increased in schools. According to the author, the sworn police officers in the
schools maintain a fusion of roles and tasks.
Seal, D., Nguyen, A., & Beyer, K. (2014). Youth exposure to violence in an urban
setting. Urban studies research, 2014.
This journal discusses about adolescence being the basic socialization period for attitudes
about law. The authors determined that the risk factors for the violent act at the age of 18
increased keeping in mind the amount of risk that the youth were represented to. The authors
resolute the effect on violent behavior of influences that were correlated earlier with other
problematic behaviors. Thereafter, the authors scrutinized relationships of risk factors that
comprises the families, individuals, schools, peer and communities sectors to conclude how
influences has an effect on it. They also scrutinized their own ability to predict the violent
behavior based on the factors.
Steinberg, L. (2017). Adolescent Brain Science and Juvenile Justice Policymaking.
The authors executed a case study determining the differentials in the policing of juveniles.
They defined the unexpected behavior as actions that produced a probability of negative
approval subsequent to their recognition. The presence of evidence engaging a juvenile to a
unexpected act is a significant factor in the probability of arrest. If the juvenile has a
disrespectful behavior towards the police, then there high chance of the juvenile getting
arrested. Therefore, juvenile delinquency can be reduced if the juveniles are given proper
training and aware of all the treacherous consequences.
Hong, J. S., Espelage, D. L., & Sterzing, P. R. (2017). Understanding the antecedents of
adverse peer relationships among early adolescents in the United States: An
ecological systems analysis. Youth & Society, 49(8), 999-1022.

3ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
According to the authors, the legal socialization arises over time by the interactions with the
families, peers and neighborhood. The author researched and indicated the approach of the
legitimacy of law and enforcement of law decline before stabilizing in middle adolescence.
Later, the authors, proposed that association with deviant peers and exposure to the violent
actions as the future predictors of delinquency. Lastly, the authors stated that lack of family
supervision makes the juveniles predators of the antisocial activities and crimes.
Incorporating a larger range of neighborhoods with adequate care and training decreases the
amount of juvenile crimes.
Sharmin, S. (2015). AN OVERVIEW OVER RISK FACTORS OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY & THE FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION OF
YOUTH OFFENDERS. Port City International University
Journal, 1851120791(01773225500), 142.
The authors stated that police attempts to get the members of the public to adjust with the
specific orders during the encounters. Juveniles are exposed to harmful situations and they
end up committing crimes. Therefore, the researchers examined that the more police officers
are present during the incident, the less likely individuals are to comply. If the officer adapts
a friendly and non-threatening approach then it is more likely to deliver a complaint response
from the citizens. Hence, the authors concluded that personal variability in attitudes and skills
are extremely important. The ratio of the crimes will lower down if the juveniles are provided
proper guidance.
Johnides, B. D., Borduin, C. M., Wagner, D. V., & Dopp, A. R. (2017). Effects of
multisystemic therapy on caregivers of serious juvenile offenders: A 20-year
follow-up to a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical
psychology, 85(4), 323.

4ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this article, the authors focused and examined on how the disorder of mental health affects
the odds of arrest among the juveniles through tools and methods of mental health. The
affective and anxiety problems were explored and broadband internalizing reduces the risk of
arrest. Arrested youth exhibits the levels of anxiety that are similar to those of peers who
have not been arrested. If the juveniles get arrested, they tend to have a mental disorder.
Crimes should be prevented by making the juveniles aware of the programs that helps to
reduce criminal form of behavior.

5ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography:
Baglivio, M. T., Jackowski, K., Greenwald, M. A., & Howell, J. C. (2014). Serious, violent,
and chronic juvenile offenders. Criminology & Public Policy, 13(1), 83-116.
David-Ferdon, C., & Simon, T. R. (2014). Preventing Youth Violence: Opportunities for
Action. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Erskine, H. E., Norman, R. E., Ferrari, A. J., Chan, G. C., Copeland, W. E., Whiteford, H. A.,
& Scott, J. G. (2016). Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American
Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), 841-850.
Hong, J. S., Espelage, D. L., & Sterzing, P. R. (2017). Understanding the antecedents of
adverse peer relationships among early adolescents in the United States: An
ecological systems analysis. Youth & Society, 49(8), 999-1022.
Jaggers, J. W., Robison, S. B., Rhodes, J. L., Guan, X., & Church, W. T. (2016). Predicting
adult criminality among Louisiana’s urban youth: poverty, academic risk, and
delinquency. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 7(1), 89-116.
Johnides, B. D., Borduin, C. M., Wagner, D. V., & Dopp, A. R. (2017). Effects of
multisystemic therapy on caregivers of serious juvenile offenders: A 20-year follow-
up to a randomized clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 85(4),
323.
Monahan, K., Steinberg, L., & Piquero, A. R. (2015). Juvenile justice policy and practice: A
developmental perspective. Crime and justice, 44(1), 577-619.

6ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Porter, T. R. (2015). The school-to-prison pipeline: The business side of incarcerating, not
educating, students in public schools. Ark. L. Rev., 68, 55.
Seal, D., Nguyen, A., & Beyer, K. (2014). Youth exposure to violence in an urban
setting. Urban studies research, 2014.
Sharmin, S. (2015). AN OVERVIEW OVER RISK FACTORS OF JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY & THE FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION OF
YOUTH OFFENDERS. Port City International University
Journal, 1851120791(01773225500), 142.
Steinberg, L. (2017). Adolescent Brain Science and Juvenile Justice Policymaking.
Steinberg, L. D., Cauffman, E., & Monahan, K. (2015). Psychosocial maturity and desistance
from crime in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. US Department of Justice,
Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.