Can obesity promote cardiovascular disease?

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Can obesity promote cardiovascular disease?
1) Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017. ‘Impact of overweight
and obesity as a risk factor for chronic conditions’, Australian
Government. Reviewed on 05/05/2019, Retrieved from-
https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/f8618e51-c1c4-4dfb-85e0-
54ea19500c91/20700.pdf.aspx?inline=true
The report of Australian government discusses the association of obesity and
cardiovascular disease in Australia. In this report, it is described that obesity
can promote various chronic disease along with cardiovascular disease as in
Australia, cardiovascular disease contributes a major part to the overall disease
burden of the country. It is reported that, the overweight and obesity affect the
children of Australia and 1 out of 4 children in the country under the age
group of 5-17 years is considered to be obese. According to this report, in
2011, 38% of cardiovascular disease incidents was associated with problem of
obesity. Among the total disease burden, 27% of the overall cases was
associated with coronary artery disease and 9% of cases was associated with
stroke. Almost 7.5% of disease burden of cardiovascular disease is associated
with obesity among the adult population (Australian Institute of Health and
Welfare 2017). As this report sheds light on association of obesity and
hypertension in a detail manner with differentiation of various age group so
this report can be used to answer research this question. The data presented in
this report was extracted from the data of 2011 and those were not had relative

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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standard errors equal to or less than 25% and that can be pointed as one of the
limitations of this report.
2) Kyrou, I, Randeva, HS, Tsigos, C, Kaltsas, G & Weickert, MO 2018.
‘Clinical problems caused by obesity’, In Endotext [Internet]. MDText.
com, Inc..
The book of Kyrou et al. (2018), described the worldwide epidemic nature of
obesity and its relationship with other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, metabolic disorders. It is estimated that, the by the end of
2025, the global prevalence of obesity will be 18% in case of men and 21% in
case of women. They also concluded that, with this high prevalence of
condition, incidents of cardiovascular disease (CVD) will also increase. The
authors suggested that, physicians should account obesity as a key factors of
CVD and in studies it is observed that, the weight-management is one of the
key reason that can prevent onset of CVD. In a survey, it was observed that,
almost 7% overall morbidity and mortality rate were associated with obesity
related cardiovascular disease and those diseases also enhancing the burden of
costs. In addition, it is reported that, obesity activates a few pro-inflammatory
signalling pathways that enhance CVD risk factors and also promotes
atherosclerosis and thrombosis ( Kim, Despres and Koh 2015). As the study
depicts direct relationship of obesity and cardiovascular disease, so it can be
related with the research question. However, the book depicts relationship
between obesity and various other disease and it can be pointed as limitation.