Annotated Bibliography on Maori Development and Social Services

This annotated bibliography provides a comprehensive analysis of resources discussing the theories and approaches in Maori development and social services. It explores the Kaupapa Maori models in social work and the government policies on Whanau Ora. The chosen resources shed light on the challenges faced by the Maori community and the need for social support and cultural equality. The bibliography also highlights the importance of Maori-centered approaches in addressing the social issues faced by the community. The resources cover various aspects such as education, health, and political empowerment.

Running head: Annotated Bibliography
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON
MAORI DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES

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Annotated Bibliography
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Kaupapa -maori models in social work...........................................................................................2
Whanau -Government Policies on whanau ora...............................................................................5
Comparison......................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
Reference list.................................................................................................................................10

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Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
The term ‘Maori’ refers to one of the first inhabitants of New Zealand who actually
belonged to Polynesia before settling in New Zealand in the late 13th century. Like any other
indigenous tribal group of people, Maori people also have their own distinct set of values,
customs, crafts, language and culture. Their distinct life style started getting interrupted and
attacked after the Europeans settled in New Zealand that resulted in various social issues for this
particular tribal community that has been continuing still now. As a result, the struggle for
survival became tougher for them as they faced challenges in sustaining their distinct culture
intact in face of the western culture. In addition, they went through a series of economical
challenges that resulted in lowering their living standards in a great degree. As an outcome,
Maori community dealt with and has been dealing with health related issues, joblessness and so
on. Being the second-largest tribal community in NZ, the attack at their social equality has
become a serious issue that gave rise to many riots, protests not only from social workers but
also from the Maori people themselves. Thus, Maori development has faced a lot of brakes over
the past years that call for a collective social effort at giving them their old glory back. So, social
services are needed in order to give social and cultural equality to this community in New
Zealand but the social workers can follow two kinds of ideologies before coming up with social
support for Maori community. One of them is the Kaupapa Maori ideology that comes with a
Maori worldview whereas the Whanau Ora approach comes with government policies for
solving the issues related to the inequalities faced by the community as a whole. So, this study
revolves around a descriptive analysis of the chosen resources that talk about both the
approaches and about the aspects related to them.
Kaupapa -maori models in social work
Eketone, A. (2008). Theoretical underpinnings of Kaupapa Maori directed practice. Mai Review.
1(1), 1-11, Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/7084/Eketone(2008)TheoreticalUnderpinn
ingsKaupapaMaori.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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Annotated Bibliography
This article focuses on some of the theories that underpin social practices from a Kaupapa
ideology. The theory suggests that the concept of Kaupapa Maori can be explained from
two theories such as the constructivist theory and the critical theory. The first theory is
explained as a social constructivist approach while the second theory has been seen as
having a Marxist approach although both of them work fine as theoretical perspectives
behind social development practices for the Maori group of people. However, the article
supports the social constructivist theory because it shows Maori worldviews in a more
definite way. The article also supports the fact that Kaupapa Maori theory is more
relevant in understanding the needs of this community at the present time. Finally, the
article comes up with a new theory that is a combination both the above mentioned
theories that can be helpful for the Maori development.
Hollis-English, A. (2016). Pūao-te-Āta-tū: Informing Māori social work since 1986. Aotearoa
New Zealand Social Work, 24(3-4), 41-48. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/download/123/111
This article deals with an exploration of all the social work that has been devoted for
developing the state of Maori community over the past 20 years. For that reason, the
Puaote-Ata report has been presented in the study that is considered to be the second
document including the social work practiced by the Maori people for the benefit for their
own community. The authors suggest that this report has a significant role in the
empowerment of the Maori community. Eight Maori social workers have been
interviewed and it has been found out that they do believe that the report plays an
important role in giving heed to Maori experience over the years.
Hollis-English, A. (2017). Theories in Māori social work: Indigenous approaches to working
with and for indigenous people. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 27(4), 5-15. Retrieved on:
5th May, 2019, From: https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/download/432/510
This article again focuses on some relevant theories that have been used by Maori social
workers or can be used by them in the future for developing the state of this community.
The authors believe that these theories can be helpful for the social workers to be aware
of the needs and situations of Maori people. Thus, theories like Kaupapa Maori, Ata, Te

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Annotated Bibliography
reo me ona tikanga and more have been discussed here. Moreover, the article concludes
with the fact that Maori-centered approaches are useful for the social workers to come up
with new and advanced social support programs.
Pihama, L., Cram, F., & Walker, S. (2002). Creating methodological space: A literature review
of Kaupapa Maori research. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 26(1), 30-43. Retrieved on:
5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fiona_Cram2/publication/234647374_Creating_Methodolo
gical_Space_A_Literature_Review_of_Kaupapa_Maori_Research/links/
5c354a6692851c22a366072d/Creating-Methodological-Space-A-Literature-Review-of-Kaupapa-
Maori-Research.pdf
This article focuses on a particular sector of Maori development that is Maori education.
The article foregrounds the significance of the Kaupapa Maori in affirming Maori
cultural practices and philosophies. In addition, one research has been conducted by the
authors where writings of some students and educational personas of Maori community
have been studied in order to show how Kaupapa Maori ideology has been helpful for the
development of their educational system. For that reason, some Maori centered cultural
and pedagogical principles have been illuminated in this study. It has found out that these
underlying principles can be very useful in order to uplift the overall educational growth
of the Maori community in the coming days. Lastly, the article concludes that Kaupapa
Maori education system is highly important for the community to survive from the
mainstream education system that does not treat them equally. Thus, this article can be
very helpful for understanding the importance of Maori centered ideologies and
principles in developing the social issues faced by this community.
Waitoa, J., Scheyvens, R., & Warren, T. R. (2015). E-whanaungatanga: The role of social media
in Māori political empowerment. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples, 11(1), 45-58. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jo_Waitoa/publication/281287128_E-
WHANAUNGATANGA_The_role_of_social_media_in_Maori_political_empowerment/links/
55df9fc508ae2fac4718fdac/E-WHANAUNGATANGA-The-role-of-social-media-in-Maeori-
political-empowerment.pdf

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Annotated Bibliography
This article focuses on the role of social media in empowering the political engagement
of the Maori community in the future using an e-whanaungatanga framework. For this
reason, the article includes both the positive and negative impact that the social media
can possible have over the development of Maori community. The study mentions that
the Facebook page of Mana Party is capable of increasing Maori participation on the
political field whereas some social media platforms may hamper the development values
that are equally important for their development. Moreover, the article concludes that
frameworks like e-whanaungatanga is very much needed for increasing social and online
participation of them but the use of social media tools need to be utilized cautiously.
Whanau -Government Policies on whanau ora
Boulton, A., Tamehana, J., & Brannelly, T. (2013). Whanau-centred health and social service
delivery in New Zealand. Mai journal, 2(1), 18-32. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
http://journal.mai.ac.nz/sites/default/files/Vol%202%20(1)%20024%20Boulton.pdf
This particular article revolves around the aspects of Whanau Ora or the family well
being of Maori families. The article discusses about the 2010 governmental policy that
focused on improving the health or life standards of the Maori people through giving
social support to them. The article states that the above mentioned policy includes the
goals of the traditional Whanau Ora in order to reduce the health related disparity
between the Maori people and others living in New Zealand. For that purpose, the article
illuminates the significance of the Maori health related services and policies of the early
21st century. The article also outlines the 2010 Wahnau Ora taskforce report for
discussing the Whanau Ora approach in detail. Moreover, the article explores the possible
challenges and opportunities of using the Wahnau Ora approach while preparing any
policy on improving the health condition of the Maori people in the future.
Cram, F., & Kennedy, V. (2010). Researching with whānau collectives. Mai Review, 3, 1-12.
Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fiona_Cram2/publication/49594477_Researching_with_W
hanau_Collectives/links/584f2f8308aecb6bd8d027c5/Researching-with-Whanau-Collectives.pdf

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Annotated Bibliography
The article revolves around the various important aspects related to the social service
project called the ‘Researching with Whanau Collectives’ designed for the development
of the Maori community. This particular project has been discussed along with a
discussion of its aim, phases and methods chosen by the project in order to reduce the
social inequality faced by the Maori people in the present era. The article also illuminates
the fact that the Whanau Ora approach has been followed by this project. The reason
behind this is that the concept or ideology of Whanau has given importance by the
project. The importance of the article lies in the fact that the article illuminates the role of
Whanau Ora in the achievement of their community services. It has been mentioned here
that 12 methods have been chosen by the project in order to come up with new policies
for developing the condition of the Maori people. In addition, the authors present the
Kaupapa Maori theoretical perspective alongside the whanau ora perspective and states
that both of these perspectives are highly important to understand the worldview of the
Maori people.
Kara, E., Gibbons, V., Kidd, J., Blundell, R., Turner, K., & Johnstone, W. (2011). Developing a
kaupapa Māori framework for Whānau Ora. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples, 7(2), 100-110. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacquie_Kidd/publication/234139430_Developing_a_Kaup
apa_Maori_Framework_for_Whanau_Ora/links/5649826e08ae9f9c13ebd833.pdf
This journal article talks about the importance of using a Kaupapa Maori policy
framework for the development of the Maori community from the perspective of Whanau
Ora. For establishing this, the article upholds the belief that it is important to understand
the whole Maori community values, culture and not only their Whanau Ora principle in
order to develop effective and impactful social work practices. This is so because the
whanau ora only focuses on the health related issues of this community while the
Kaupapa framework can be capable in guiding the policies regarding the development of
their education system, economic status and their culture.
Kidd, J., Gibbons, V., Lawrenson, R., & Johnstone, W. (2010). A whanau ora approach to health
care for Maori. J. Prim. Health Care, 2(2), 163-164. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jenny_Carryer/publication/45534944_Modifying_the_PAC

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Annotated Bibliography
IC_to_assess_provision_of_chronic_illness_care_An_exploratory_study_with_primary_health_c
are_nurses/links/0f317533647c24e97a000000/Modifying-the-PACIC-to-assess-provision-of-
chronic-illness-care-An-exploratory-study-with-primary-health-care-nurses.pdf#page=77
The journal article discusses the healthcare related needs and issues of Maori community
of New Zealand. The main focus of this article revolves around the approach namely
Whanau Ora. The article states that this approach is important to take care of not only
their physical but mental health also. The article also mentions some important initiatives
like community-based medical camps that positively impact the improvement of Maori
health. On the other hand, the article suggests that Whanau Ora is not only applicable for
improving their health. On the contrary, this approach can also be used in order to
improve their educational, social and other aspects of life. Moreover, the article
highlights the fact that there can be contradictions regarding the concept of this approach
among the local Maori people that need to be solved for their own benefit.
Turia, H., (2010), Whānau Ora - Ministry of Social Development, Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019,
From: https://www.msd.govt.nz/.../about.../whanau-ora/whanau-ora-taskforce-report.doc
This document focuses on Wahnau Ora and the Taskforce report in detail. Thus, the 2010
initiatives, taken by the government, from the perspective of Whanau Ora have been
discussed in this document. In order to be more specific, the timeframe, methodology and
the history of this taskforce have been illuminated in this document. On the other hand,
the whanau tradition, services and circumstances have also been highlighted here. In
addition, the underlined principles of this framework have been illuminated in this
document. Apart from that, the whanau inspired government initiatives have also been
mentioned in this work. For that reason, the underlined philosophy, perspectives and
foundations behind the whanau Ora have been fore grounded here. Besides, the social
services, conducted by the Maori social workers have been discussed in this document
that includes the conceptions of Te Ao Maori and so on.

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Annotated Bibliography
Comparison
As per the previously discussed aspects of both the Kaupapa Maori approach and the
Wahanu Ora approach, it can be said that both of them are important while shaping the social
work practices for the Maori community. However, each one of them has distinct set of values.
For example, the Kaupapa Maori approach mainly focuses on the Maori worldview. On the other
hand, the Whanau Ora approach mainly focuses on how the family health system is important for
maintaining their life standards in a good way. After a close analysis of the chosen sources, it can
be said that Kaupapa Maori has been more widely accepted as the most appropriate social
practice approach. This is so because this approach encompasses the issues regarding each and
every area of Maori development.
However, this is also evident that Wahnau Ora has an great impact in governmental
policies on Maori development. Thus, it can be said that a combined approach including both the
models and ideologies can be helpful for the benefit of this community. In this regard, this can be
said that both the ideologies support Maori-centered approach towards the development of the
tribal community called Maori. Thus, the principles of both the approaches can be used by the
social workers. This is also evident that the participation of Maori people in the formation of new
policies for their development is very important. For that reason, the understanding of their
culture and values is very much needed. This can be done through giving a closer look into the
Kaupapa Maori framework. At the same time, the Whanau Ora also needs to be understood in
order to implement the Whanau taskforce and other similar policies.
Conclusion
This study has focused on the two approaches namely Kaupapa Maori and Whanau Ora
in order to perceive the importance of both in the development process of Maori people in New
Zealand. For that reason, the concepts of Kaupapa and Whanau Ora have been mentioned in this
study. In addition, the social issued related to the Maori community have been discussed here. It
has been stated that the Maori community has been facing social inequality in many fields from a
very long time. This has still been continuing in the present time. Thus, various social services
and many social workers are trying to solve the issues that they face in the society. This study
has mainly illuminated ten sources that contain relevant information on the two social practice

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Annotated Bibliography
approaches. It has been found out that Whanau Ora has been used by many governmental reports
and taskforces for solving the issues related to Maori health. Kaupapa framework has also been
used by the social workers to understand the Maori culture and their perspectives. The
participation of Maori activists is very important to change their situations. This is so because
they are ones who have the first hand knowledge of the sufferings that the Maori community
went through after the European settlement in New Zealand. Moreover, it can be mentioned that
Maori development is not something that can be done through any single project or taskforce.
This is a continuous process that needs consistent social support from the government so that the
overall condition of these people can be improved.

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Annotated Bibliography
Reference list
Boulton, A., Tamehana, J., & Brannelly, T. (2013). Whanau-centred health and social service
delivery in New Zealand. Mai journal, 2(1), 18-32. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
http://journal.mai.ac.nz/sites/default/files/Vol%202%20(1)%20024%20Boulton.pdf
Cram, F., & Kennedy, V. (2010). Researching with whānau collectives. Mai Review, 3, 1-12.
Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fiona_Cram2/publication/49594477_Researching_
with_Whanau_Collectives/links/584f2f8308aecb6bd8d027c5/Researching-with-Whanau-
Collectives.pdf
Duignan, P. (2002). Building social policy evaluation capacity. Social Policy Journal of New
Zealand, 179-194. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-
and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj19/19-pages179-194.pdf
Hollis-English, A. (2016). Pūao-te-Āta-tū: Informing Māori social work since 1986. Aotearoa
New Zealand Social Work, 24(3-4), 41-48. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/download/123/111
Hollis-English, A. (2017). Theories in Māori social work: Indigenous approaches to working
with and for indigenous people. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 27(4), 5-15.
Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/download/432/510
Kara, E., Gibbons, V., Kidd, J., Blundell, R., Turner, K., & Johnstone, W. (2011). Developing a
kaupapa Māori framework for Whānau Ora. AlterNative: An International Journal of
Indigenous Peoples, 7(2), 100-110. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacquie_Kidd/publication/234139430_Developing_
a_Kaupapa_Maori_Framework_for_Whanau_Ora/links/5649826e08ae9f9c13ebd833.pdf
Kidd, J., Gibbons, V., Lawrenson, R., & Johnstone, W. (2010). A whanau ora approach to health
care for Maori. J. Prim. Health Care, 2(2), 163-164. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:

11
Annotated Bibliography
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jenny_Carryer/publication/45534944_Modifying_th
e_PACIC_to_assess_provision_of_chronic_illness_care_An_exploratory_study_with_pri
mary_health_care_nurses/links/0f317533647c24e97a000000/Modifying-the-PACIC-to-
assess-provision-of-chronic-illness-care-An-exploratory-study-with-primary-health-care-
nurses.pdf#page=77
Pihama, L., Cram, F., & Walker, S. (2002). Creating methodological space: A literature review
of Kaupapa Maori research. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 26(1), 30-43.
Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fiona_Cram2/publication/234647374_Creating_Met
hodological_Space_A_Literature_Review_of_Kaupapa_Maori_Research/links/
5c354a6692851c22a366072d/Creating-Methodological-Space-A-Literature-Review-of-
Kaupapa-Maori-Research.pdf
Turia, H., (2010), Whānau Ora - Ministry of Social Development, Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019,
From: https://www.msd.govt.nz/.../about.../whanau-ora/whanau-ora-taskforce-report.doc
Waitoa, J., Scheyvens, R., & Warren, T. R. (2015). E-whanaungatanga: The role of social media
in Māori political empowerment. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples, 11(1), 45-58. Retrieved on: 5th May, 2019, From:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jo_Waitoa/publication/281287128_E-
WHANAUNGATANGA_The_role_of_social_media_in_Maori_political_empowerment/
links/55df9fc508ae2fac4718fdac/E-WHANAUNGATANGA-The-role-of-social-media-
in-Maeori-political-empowerment.pdf