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Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Baillie, L. (2015). Promoting and evaluating scientific rigour in qualitative research. Nursing
Standard (2014+), 29(46), 36, doi: 10.7748/ns.29.46.36.e8830
Chapman, A. L., Hadfield, M., & Chapman, C. J. (2015). Qualitative research in healthcare: an
introduction to grounded theory using thematic analysis. Journal of the Royal College of
Physicians of Edinburgh, 45(3), 201-205, doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2015.305
Crowe, M., Inder, M., & Porter, R. (2015). Conducting qualitative research in mental health:
Thematic and content analyses. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(7),
616-623, doi: 10.1177/0004867415582053
Cutler, L. R., Hayter, M., & Ryan, T. (2013). A critical review and synthesis of qualitative
research on patient experiences of critical illness. Intensive and Critical Care
Nursing, 29(3), 147-157, doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2012.12.001
Erlingsson, C., & Brysiewicz, P. (2013). Orientation among multiple truths: An introduction to
qualitative research. African Journal of emergency medicine, 3(2), 92-99, doi:
10.1016/j.afjem.2012.04.005
Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework
method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC
medical research methodology, 13(1), 117, doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-117
Garside, R. (2014). Should we appraise the quality of qualitative research reports for systematic
reviews, and if so, how?. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science
Research, 27(1), 67-79, doi: 10.1080/13511610.2013.777270

2ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gelling, L. (2015). Qualitative research. Nursing Standard (2014+), 29(30), 43, doi:
10.7748/ns.29.30.43.e9749
Grant, A. (2014). Troubling ‘lived experience’: a post‐structural critique of mental health nursing
qualitative research assumptions. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health
Nursing, 21(6), 544-549, doi: 10.1111/jpm.12113
Guetterman, T. (2015). Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to qualitative
research in education and the health sciences, retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/edpsychpapers/263/
Harding, T., & Whitehead, D. (2013). Analysing data in qualitative research. Nursing &
midwifery research: Methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice, 141-160,
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earch
Heggestad, A. K. T., Nortvedt, P., & Slettebø, Å. (2013). The importance of moral sensitivity
when including persons with dementia in qualitative research. Nursing ethics, 20(1), 30-
40, doi: 10.1177/0969733012455564
Ingham-Broomfield, R. (2015). A nurses' guide to qualitative research. Australian Journal of
Advanced Nursing, The, 32(3), 34, retrieved from
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esearch
Khan, S. N. (2014). Qualitative research method: Grounded theory. International Journal of
Business and Management, 9(11), 224-233, doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p224

3ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lockwood, C., Munn, Z., & Porritt, K. (2015). Qualitative research synthesis: methodological
guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. International journal of
evidence-based healthcare, 13(3), 179-187, doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000062
Meißner, A., & Schnepp, W. (2014). Staff experiences within the implementation of computer-
based nursing records in residential aged care facilities: a systematic review and synthesis
of qualitative research. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 14(1), 54, doi:
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Miller, A., Moon, B., Anders, S., Walden, R., Brown, S., & Montella, D. (2015). Integrating
computerized clinical decision support systems into clinical work: a meta-synthesis of
qualitative research. International journal of medical informatics, 84(12), 1009-1018,
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.09.005
Mohammed, M. A., Moles, R. J., & Chen, T. F. (2016). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research:
the challenges and opportunities. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 38(3), 695-
704, doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0289-2
Morrow, K. J., Gustavson, A. M., & Jones, J. (2016). Speaking up behaviours (safety voices) of
healthcare workers: A metasynthesis of qualitative research studies. International
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O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for
reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Academic
Medicine, 89(9), 1245-1251, doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
Sanjari, M., Bahramnezhad, F., Fomani, F. K., Shoghi, M., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2014). Ethical
challenges of researchers in qualitative studies: The necessity to develop a specific

4ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
guideline. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 7, retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/Pmc4263394/
Squires, A., & Dorsen, C. (2018). Qualitative research in nursing and health professions
regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9(3), 15-26, doi: 10.1016/S2155-
8256(18)30150-9
Stanley, M., & Nayar, S. (2014). Methodological rigour: Ensuring quality in occupational
therapy qualitative research. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(1), 6,
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Thorne, S., Stephens, J., & Truant, T. (2016). Building qualitative study design using nursing's
disciplinary epistemology. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(2), 451-460, doi:
10.1111/jan.12822
Zarshenas, L., Sharif, F., Molazem, Z., Khayyer, M., Zare, N., & Ebadi, A. (2014). Professional
socialization in nursing: A qualitative content analysis. Iranian journal of nursing and
midwifery research, 19(4), 432, retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145501/

5ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Introduction
The intervention of qualitative research to inform nursing practice is becoming a common
practice to increase literature and knowledge about the field of nursing for nurses in practice.
Evidence based practice is taken from researches that have already been done such as a
qualitative research. Qualitative research does not always guarantee validity in the same way a
quantitative research does, which makes it necessary to look after the downside of this research.
The method in quantitative research includes interviews, focus groups, observations and analysis
of journal articles that has a peer reviewed literature. Nursing practice requires more research
every day as the trends and techniques are changing for the better. As science is advancing,
people need to be informed about the current practices, which is possible with the help of
qualitative research. The resources from a qualitative research has mix of processes, systems,
observations, best practices and personal experiences, which is necessary to understand evidence
based practice. A qualitative research has both advantages and disadvantages because it can
display the obstructions that are found in a healthcare practice and it can also explore more layers
in a professional nursing practice. Nurses can also conduct qualitative research by surveying the
patients about their attitude towards healthcare, cultural competence, motivation for treatment,
preferences for service, and their attitude towards healthcare. This will also help them in
understanding the methods and procedures about qualitative research, which can help them for
their future researches about evidence based practice. It will make them learn from other’s
experiences and feelings, and that could be a vital development for their profession.

6ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Squires, A., & Dorsen, C. (2018). Qualitative research in nursing and health professions
regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9(3), 15-26, doi: 10.1016/S2155-
8256(18)30150-9
This journal article suggests that a qualitative is beneficial for nurses and students as it
will guide and help them for their professional practice in future. This journal specifically
focuses on the use of qualitative research on nursing regulations and other health professions.
The stakeholders believe that qualitative research is more methodical and convenient when there
is a need to know about their viewpoints about the policies that are being evaluated and
implemented in several healthcare organizations. The traditional qualitative research used for
health studies are very much different from the qualitative research required for regulations in a
healthcare organization because it involves the collection and selection of sample sizes and
sampling strategy approaches that are required for data collection. Qualitative study are more
useful as it is more informative and dialogue provoking for the study of regulatory issues in
nursing and other healthcare practices. A qualitative research helps in explaining and showcasing
the ideas and experiences of people involved in nursing practice in an artful manner, which is
essential to understand the actual and potential causes of regulations. The overall idea of this
study is to understand the issues and conflicts researchers go through while using qualitative
research for regulatory studies as it helps in coming across common methodological challenges.
They also search for solution that will help them in improving trustworthiness, quality and rigor
in the results of the research. The knowledge and practice gained from these studies can guide
and assist the researchers for their future studies in the field of nursing and healthcare.

7ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Crowe, M., Inder, M., & Porter, R. (2015). Conducting qualitative research in mental health:
Thematic and content analyses. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(7),
616-623, doi: 10.1177/0004867415582053
This article throws a light about the methods used in qualitative research, which is
thematic analysis and content analysis. Both these methods have been used in a mental health
context to understand the efficiency for of these methods. Thematic analysis is used to analyze
qualitative data, which is mostly focused on interview transcripts and materials with text to
understand the data, ideas, topics and patterns that show up repeatedly in a study, and content
analysis is the method of evaluating and studying documents that are not only text but pictures,
videos and audios. This journal displays the processes of both the methods of the same
qualitative data. The interviews taken in a qualitative research is analyzed with the help of both
methods to find out which is more effective for nursing practice. The result indicated that both
the methods have different outcomes from the same collection of data. It shows that both the
methods have different purposes in a qualitative study as thematic analysis gives an indirect
interpretation of the views of a participant and a content analysis is the direct result of a
participant’s views and responses. The two methods used in a qualitative study indicates dual
views about a topic or a subject, which is important to understand both the perspective in a
mental health context. It is possible that one of them could be detrimental for a study if it is not
in relation with a topic and one of them could be extremely useful if the topic in appropriate for
the research method.

8ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Guetterman, T. (2015). Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to qualitative
research in education and the health sciences, retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/edpsychpapers/263/
This study researches about the criteria to select a sample size that can efficiently help in
conducting a qualitative research for nursing practice. The literature for this topic is not found in
a vast quantity, which becomes an obstruction for researchers who are trying to find a sample
size for their field of study. There are several processes required for conducting a quality
research such as determining the sample size, developing proposals, conducting a rigorous
scientific research and planning a budget for the resources required, and all these steps require
practical guidance. The overall summary of this article is the method to find a sampling size and
practices that are widely used in a qualitative research such as healthcare studies and health
sciences by different research design such as ethnography, case study, narrative enquiry,
grounded theory methodology, and phenomenology. This study is based on 51 cited peer
reviewed articles that was analyzed with the help of noteworthy sampling characteristics and
predetermined content categories that were emerged during the time when this research was
conducted. This study also includes a description of findings that will help in informed nursing
practice and it will also guide and assists methodologists about sampling sizes such as graduate
students, reviewers, program officers, and nurses. It is an eye opener for people who struggle in
conducting an efficient qualitative research because it has its issues in several steps and the
major complication is during the selection of sample size.

9ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ingham-Broomfield, R. (2015). A nurses' guide to qualitative research. Australian Journal of
Advanced Nursing, The, 32(3), 34, retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273135487_A_nurses'_guide_to_Qualitative_R
esearch
This study is a guide for nurses on how to conduct a qualitative research for their increase
in knowledge so that they can utilize it for their practice. Evidence based practice is an
amalgamation of accurate research evidence, patient feedback and reviews, and cost effective
healthcare. Several assessment tools are being used to determine clinical practice and evidence
based results that are required for an efficient practice. These methods are also used for
increasing patient care and safety as qualitative research is effective in understanding the
viewpoints and emotions of people from a personal perspective. This study shows the various
paradigms of qualitative research that are used for health issues, complications and the evidence
based practice needed for their treatment. One of the characteristics of a qualitative study is that
it does not uses hypotheses, which means that an observational question is explored and the topic
is summarized in less words and that is the problem statement. The significance of a qualitative
research is that it is holistic and it focuses on developing theories. It is more suitable for
sociology or behavioral science as it helps to understand the unique nature of humans, however,
it can also benefit the nurses in making clinical decisions during their nursing practice. The
major use of qualitative research in a nursing profession is to understand the behavior and
experiences of the patients and staffs interacting in a healthcare organization. Qualitative

10ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
research does not simplify the feelings and experiences of participants into mere numbers, which
is done in quantitative research.
Zarshenas, L., Sharif, F., Molazem, Z., Khayyer, M., Zare, N., & Ebadi, A. (2014). Professional
socialization in nursing: A qualitative content analysis. Iranian journal of nursing and
midwifery research, 19(4), 432, retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4145501/
This research discusses about the roles of a nurse that is required for them to interact
more with people so that they can improve their performance. A part of nursing includes
socialization that guarantees their professional development and internalization within the
organization. A qualitative study is conducted to understand the factors that determine their
professional socialization from the perspective of nursing students and registered nurses.
Qualitative findings give a major view about the type of socialization they are a part of and how
this research method increases their utility in a medical setting. The type of qualitative research
varies because they are used in different nursing studies according to their requirements and
significance. A qualitative research outcome cannot be generalized because it features the
participant’s direct views and responses that is taken during the qualitative research such as
interview or a survey. The opinions of an individual is a definite and effective literature during a
research, which makes qualitative research in nursing necessary. The communication and
socialization of nurses are required for patient safety and care, and qualitative research exposes

11ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
them to personal interaction with people, which will benefit their professional practice. The
results derived from qualitative research will help in informing nursing practice that could be
customized for unique individuals depending on their health conditions. Another aspect of
qualitative research is that the results from certain participants can be utilized for particular
patients who are in the similar situation as it becomes an evidence based practice because it has
already been experienced by someone else.