Types of Antenna and Wireless Network Protocols

Wireless Communication

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
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Ques. A
Types of Antenna
An antenna is a type of device which is used in wireless communication and through
this device people can share their data or information file. It is the most common device
that converts the electric signal into radio frequency signals and people can
communicate with peripheral devices by using this source. Transmitter and receiver
both are common parts of any communication system in wireless technology both
sources are used to send and receive radio wave signals (Li, Ban, Xu, Wu, Kang, K., & Yu,
2016). The main property of an antenna is that it can maintain reciprocity of wireless
devices like transmitter and receiver. There are mainly three types of antenna uses in
wirelesses communications which are following
 Yagi-Uda antenna
 Horn antenna
 Cellular antenna
Yagi-Uda antenna
This antenna was developed in the year 1926 by Shintaro Uda and it consists of
different types of elements. The main property of this antenna is that it increases overall
gain and directivity of communication system (Aghtar, Strümpfer, Olbrich, Schulten, &
Kleinekathöfer, 2014). There are three parts of this antenna for example, driven,
director, and reflector. Driven is used to drive radio frequency wave and director
provide a direction where all data signal produced. The reflector is the main part of this
antenna because it obtains reflected radio wave from the receiver and reduces the
problem of distortion loss.

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
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Figure: Yagi-Uda antenna
(Sourcere: Aghtar, Strümpfer, Olbrich, Schulten, & Kleinekathöfer, 2014)
Merits Demerits
Low weight Reduce gain
A wide range of bandwidth Bandwidth can reduce if more directors
are used
Increase directivity Low efficient
Low cost Limited bandwidth
Easy to built
Horn Antenna
This is one of the oldest antennas which were developed in the year
1897Jagadishdish Chandra and the latest advanced horn antenna was launched in the
year 1938 by Wilmer Barrow. The main application of this antenna is in TV, and for
satellite communication and it can increase the gain of radio wave signals (Ai, Guan,
Rupp, Kurner, Cheng, Yin, & Ding, 2015). The shape of this antenna is like a horn and
flared part can be square, cylindrical or rectangular. This type of antenna may be used
for wired technology or in coaxial cables and it can be used for transmission of TV
signals. The main objective of horn shape is to produce large number of radio signals at
a time. Horn dish is the very popular setup of this antenna and many users uses this
property for TV communication.

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
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Figure: Horn antenna
(Source: Ai, Guan, Rupp, Kurner, Cheng, Yin, & Ding, 2015)
Merits Demerits
Simple in construction Very costly
High directivity Reduce flexibility
Produce high gain Produce distortion losses
Narrow bandwidth
Standing waves are avoided
Cellular antenna
According to their, name it is also called as cell phone antenna because it was
developed for the mobile communication. It reduced the problem of distance and also
improthe ved overall performance of wireless communication (Ai, Guan, Rupp, Kurner,
Cheng, Yin, & Ding, 2015). At this time many users uses cell phone antenna for long
distance communication and it is observed that in future people will adopt wireless
networks rather than wired. In cellular antenna both transmitter and receiver devices
can be used for long distance communication (Ai, Guan, Rupp, Kurner, Cheng, Yin, &
Ding, 2015).