Antenna Technology and Wireless Technologies

Assignment
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Question 1
 Horn antenna
This is a type of antenna that is mostly used in flaring ,this is the improvement of the
radiation efficiency through utilization of a wave guide that has an a long aperture to
form unexpected cutoff in the gradual transformation of a wave. It is mostly used in
UHF and SHF frequency ranges. During the transformation process, the beam is
gradually changed to radiation this reduces the losses and increases the focusing
strength of the beam. It works with increasing directivity and reducing diffraction criteria
to improve communication process. There are different types of horns antenna this
includes, sectoral, pyramidal and conical horns. It has the following demerits and merits
in the industry.
Merits
 Has high and great directivity during transformation of the beams.
 There are no standing waves during transformation.
 The impedance and matching of the waves is good.
 The beam formed has a narrow width.
Demerits
 Requires large flare angles.
 Flare angle within the device is the one that decides the directivity of the of the
wave produces during transformation.
 Yagi antenna
This the commonly used type of antenna. Mostly used since its has high performance,
directivity and high gain. It is made with very many directors that increases the
directivity and functioning of the antenna. The reflectors also are placed at the end of the
antenna to reflect all the energy in the direction in which the wave is being transferred.
The directors also direct the beams or waves to the desired angles. They are mostly used
in TV reception and where mainly a single frequency is required.
Yagi antenna has the following demerits and merits.
Merits
 There is low wastage of power during the transfer of signals.
 Makes the beam to achieve high directivity hence clear focusing.
 Has a broader coverage of frequencies.
 The antenna can be easily managed and maintained without any difficulties.
 It achieves high gain
Demerits

 The yagi antenna is mostly affected by the atmospheric factors like weather
change .e.g rainfall hinder the rate in which it receives frequencies.
 It is also prone to noise.

 Cellular Antenna
This are kind of antennas that can be used in conjunction with signal boosters such as
amplifiers and repeaters .They can be connected directly to the cellphone or the adapter of the
device .This are low frequency radiations and small in size .They are made up of die –electric
materials which radiations are placed by a process called photoetching. The cellular antennae’s
are mostly used in spacecraft applications, aircraft applications, and other devices that have low
profile antennas .They a have the following demerits and merits.
Merits
 They are very light in weight hence portable.
 They are cheap and require low cost in the installation process.
 They are ease to be installed hence can be used by anybody.
Demerits
 They have inefficient radiations.
 They experience low frequency bandwidth.
The yaqi antenna will take over antenna technology in future since it produces waves
that have high directivity high gain and performance .More so there is low energy waste
during the transmission process hence the waves are well transmitted.