Application of IOT for implementing the smart farming project

This document discusses the potential applications of IOT in smart farming, including monitoring, controlling, and predicting techniques. It explores the constraints and challenges of implementing IOT in farming and provides lessons learned from a project. The research findings and recommendations for successful implementation are also presented.

Running head: Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
Table of Contents
1. Result and findings of the research:..................................................................................................2
1.1. Potential applications of IOT in smart firming:......................................................................2
1.1.1. Application of IOT in monitoring:...................................................................................2
1.1.2. Application of IOT in controlling:.......................................................................................4
1.1.3. Application of IOT in predicting:........................................................................................5
2. Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................5
3. Lesson learnt from the project:.....................................................................................................6
References:............................................................................................................................................8

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
1. Result and findings of the research:
Extensive research was conducted on the topic to identify the potential applications of
IOT in smart firming along with required technologies for implanting those applications.
Constraint of implementing IOT in smart firming is also identified and discussed in this
context.
1.1. Potential applications of IOT in smart firming:
Applications of IOT is classified into three main categories such as controlling, monitoring
and prediction.
1.1.1. Application of IOT in monitoring:
In agricultural monitoring of air, soil, water and plant monitoring is of prime
importance and this is where IOT has an important role to play which is discussed in this
context:
Air monitoring: in order to ensure that there is no damaging effect on the firming process,
periodic measurement in continuous measurement is required which helps in evaluation and
determination of the environmental parameters and also helps in determination of pollution
levels. Researchers have identified some IOT based solution that is applicable for air
monitoring application. A real-time IOT based monitoring system has already been proposed
that is based on micro climate. In order to execute this application wireless sensor network
has been deployed and integrated with this system (Suma et al., 2017). The solution
comprised of temperature and relative humidity sensors (SHT15) and these sensors are
powered by solar panels and the communication protocol is supported by ZigBee
communication technology. Another air monitoring system based on IoT solution is GEM
(Gondchawar & Kawitkar, 2016), which suggested an environmental monitoring system and

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
it is based on GPRS technology which helps in monitoring apple orchards. This system was
tested properly and it was very efficient in monitoring different variables such as relative
humidity, temperature, and radiation.
Soil monitoring: Papers that are identified and classified in this subdomain proposed IOT
based systems that are applicable for monitoring multi-layer soil temperature as well as
capable of monitoring moisture content which is present in a farmland fields and the system
has been using WSN (Maia & Alves Filho, 2018). These systems developed in context are
based on communication technologies such as ZigBee, GPRS and Internet, where interaction
of the users with the system is controlled by an integrated web application specially
developed for these systems.
Water monitoring: Primary studies, conducted and categorized in this particular subdomain
intend in providing ways to monitor pollution level in water or water quality by identifying
and analysing chemicals, pH, and temperature, which can develop conditions that is capable
to alter the natural state of water. Some authors have proposed an IoT solution for assessing
water quality and this is done through the proper measurement of conductivity, temperature,
and turbidity. The solution considers a WSN architecture that implements low-cost sensing
devices which is then applied in monitoring of multiple parameters that is associated with
water quality of which particular emphasis is given in shallow waters (lakes, estuaries, rivers)
found in urban areas. Similarly, (Xijun et al., 2009) proposed a WSN system that provides
context for monitoring water level as well as rainfall which is important in irrigation systems.
Plant monitoring: Projects in this context are aimed in monitoring plant or crops. Majority of
these projects monitors microclimate which includes monitoring of humidity and
temperature. Various applications have considered web-based communication system that is
a decision support system and it communicates with a wireless sensor wireless sensor

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
network or the WSN which helps in irrigation scheduling. In order to implement this system
in the firming process, it is important to measure humidity, solar radiation, temperature, and
rain.
1.1.2. Application of IOT in controlling:
Papers selected and reviewed for grouping under the area of control use actuator
devices that are deployed on-site for working remotely. Unlike applications that are discussed
in monitoring domain, which only handle and process information in one-way, applications
that are classified and categorized in control use a “two-way information channel”. This
specifies that with the introduction of this technology a new and improved level of
communication is applied, and commands that are processed is possible to send back to the
field as well (Stočes et al., 2016). In this case, information that is associated with the server
or data centre is sent to a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) which is required
to control specific actuator devices that are important for executing these devices and
required to modify the state integrated with the process or environment. Commands that were
considered for these applications were sent through a human–computer interface with
execution of decision algorithm that is supported by analytic modules (Kamienski et al.,
2019). Actuator devices that were considered in these projects included valves, pumps,
humidifiers, and alarms among others. Many of these proposed systems that are aimed to
optimize the usage of water, fertilizers, and pesticides built on information that are delivered
by weather prediction systems and various WSN implemented on-site (Mekala &
Viswanathan, 2017, February). Solutions that are discussed in this context are efficient in
providing assistance to the farmers and help them to reduce water consumption and waste by
scheduling irrigation times and quantities according to the state of the crop and its growth
cycle.

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
1.1.3. Application of IOT in predicting:
IOT based solutions are focusing to provide farmers necessary tools and support
required for efficient decision making for farming process. according to Sreekantha & Kavya
(2017) several research are being conducted in this context for designing enhanced decision
support system that helps in predicting farming related parameters such as prediction about
environmental conditions, estimations about production and growth of crops.
Environmental conditions: A design methodology is developed to determine spatial sampling
that is associated with the humidity sensor employed for humidity content measurement of
the soil within the WSN (Garg et al., 2017). Another example which is associated with the
prediction related to the environmental conditions was presented in Luan et al. (2015), which
proposed a system that incorporates drought monitoring and forecasting along with the
irrigation prediction using IoT.
Production estimation: Authors in Mehta & Patel (2016) offered an IoT-based agricultural
production system that helps in stabilizing supply and demand associated with the
agricultural products. They developed this system by analysing environmental variables and
with this feature developed a prediction system that is capable of estimating the growth and
yield of crops.
Crop growth: a dynamic analysis associated with the farmlands is developed and it is
developed using mobile sensor. The developed system develops growth-control plans and this
was demonstrated by the authors for grapes, and viticulture activities.
2. Conclusion:
IOT has an important role to play in implementing smart firming through the
technology based agriculture. Although IOT has lot of potential in this context, it is not so
easy to implement. The technology is still relatively new and it is yet to be properly

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
standardized for application in the forming process. IOT has presented and advanced and
efficient way to apply technology in firming process to ensure efficiency and productivity.
However, in order to apply it properly in the firming process, some of the constraints need to
be reviewed properly. Two of the most important constraints applicable for any kind of IOT
application, not just in firming application are resource constraint and power efficiency. The
application should be such that it does not require huge power and are low on resource. If
these two constraints are not properly followed it is not possible to design optimum solution
for the firming process that is based on the IOT technology. Apart from these two major
constraints, security and lack of authorization are some major issues that are essential in IOT
applications. If due to lack of security, data sent by the sensors are either stolen or modified,
it might affect the performance of the firming process as these decision regarding firming
depends on the data collected from these sensors. Hence improving security and developing
strong security measures against these security flaws are important for successful application
of IOT in smart firming process.
3. Lesson learnt from the project:
After conducting the project, some key lessons are learned in this context which are
important for implementing such IOT based projects successfully:
 An in-depth knowledge about this topic is necessary to conduct research in this
context as this topic is highly technical and without proper knowledge about this
topic, it is difficult to conduct a quality research which is required for project
implementation
 It is always important to identify quality research materials and hence it is always
important to collect research materials from quality source as it ensures authenticity in
the research and also provides essential knowledge about research topic

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
 Discussion with the fellow researchers are an important consideration for sharing of
knowledge and learn as well
 As already discussed that lack of security is an important issue in IOT applications.
The main reason that is responsible for lack of security and authorization in IOT
project is that a huge number of devices are connected in the IOT network and it is
often difficult to verify a specific device in the network and as these devices are often
low powered and have resource constraints, such devices lack sophisticated security
applications which is another major reason that these devices are easily exploited.
Hence designing secure IOT protocol while considering low resource constraint is a
significant challenge in this kind of project.

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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
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Garg, G., Sharma, S., Choudhury, T., & Kumar, P. (2017, August). Crop productivity based
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Application of IOT for implementing the smart firming project
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